英文写作中常用的转折，并列词组

一文章段落起始

to begin with 首先

eg: To begin with，smoking should be banned in public areas.

chinese: 首先，在公共场合因该禁烟。

first of all 第一，首先

eg: First of all，many people in remote areas still live in poverty.

chinese: 第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。

in the first place 首先

eg: In the first place，she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.

chinese: 首先，他能够每分钟阅读100字。

generally speaking 总体上讲

eg: Generally speaking，the more you practice，the more skillfully you can write in English.

chinese: 总体上讲，练习地越多，你用英文写作就越熟练。

相反：In contrast；on the contrary；

总而言之：as far as I am concerned；in a word。

二文章段落结尾

therefore，thus 因此

eg: Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. Therefore，we can work more efficiently.

chinese: 锻炼可以帮助我们增强体质及保持清醒的头脑。因此，我们能够更有效地工作。

in conclusion 总之，最后

eg: In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage，protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

chinese: 最后，全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的现状，保护现有水资源并科学地开发潜在资源。

in brief 简言之

eg: In brief，birth control is of vital importance in china.

chinese: 简言之，计划生育对中国来说是十分重要的。

to sum up 总而言之

eg: To sum up，out of sight，out of mind.

chinese: 总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。

in a word 总之

eg: In a word，to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it.

chinese: 总之读原著胜过看基于它改编的电影。

as far as I am concerned 就我而言

eg: As far as I am concerned，I believe that it is a wise choice.

chinese: 就我而言，我坚信那是一个明智的选择。

三表现后顺序

first 第一；second 第二；next 其次，然后；eventually 最后，最终；since then自此以后；afterward以后，随后；Meanwhile于此同时，另外；immediately立刻；finally最后，最终

四表因果关系

accordingly于是；for this reason由于这个原因；as a result of 作为.....结果；in this way这样；consequently结果，因此；

due to 由于......；therefore 因此；because of 因为；thus 因为；thanks to由于，owing to 由于，hence 因此

五表示比较和对比

in contrast with 和......称对照；similarly同样；whereas然而；on the contrary 相反；different from 与......不同；likewise同样；

equally important 同样重要； on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面；however 然而。

eg: On the one hand，tonics will make us put on weight，which does harm to our health，but on the other hand，they can help refresh us.

一方面，补品会使我们变胖，这对我们健康不利。但另一方面，补品又能使我们有精神。

六表示举例

for example 举例；namely that is 即，也就是说；for instance 举例；a case in point 恰当的例子

eg: A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River。

chinese: 一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。

七描述图片(表)

As is shown in the picture；form/in the above picture/table/chart/graph 根据上图(表)所示

eg：From the above chart，it can be seen that changes do occur is society.

chinese: 从上面的图表来看社会确实发生了变化。

八表强调

furthermore此外；moreover而且；besides此外；in fact 实际上；also 而且，也；indeed 的确；again 另外，还；

in particular 尤其，特别；naturally 当然，自然，必然。

eg：Naturally，he denied that he had committed the crime.

chinese: 他必然不承认自己犯罪了。