scrapy 伪装代理和 fake_userAgent 的使用

From：https://www.cnblogs.com/hellangels333/p/8918938.html

fake-useragent 下载和使用方法：https://pypi.org/project/fake-useragent

伪装浏览器代理在爬取网页是有些服务器对请求过滤的不是很高可以不用ip来伪装请求直接将自己的浏览器信息给伪装也是可以的。

第一种方法：

1.在setting.py文件中加入以下内容，这是一些浏览器的头信息

USER_AGENT_LIST = ['zspider/0.9-dev http://feedback.redkolibri.com/','Xaldon_WebSpider/2.0.b1','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Speedy Spider; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.3; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.2; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.1; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.0; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Beta/1.0; www.entireweb.com)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com)','Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)','sogou spider','Nusearch Spider (www.nusearch.com)','nuSearch Spider (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows NT)','lmspider (lmspider@scansoft.com)','lmspider lmspider@scansoft.com','ldspider (http://code.google.com/p/ldspider/wiki/Robots)','iaskspider/2.0(+http://iask.com/help/help_index.html)','iaskspider','hl_ftien_spider_v1.1','hl_ftien_spider','FyberSpider (+http://www.fybersearch.com/fyberspider.php)','FyberSpider','everyfeed-spider/2.0 (http://www.everyfeed.com)','envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 (+http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)','envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 ( http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)','Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider_jp.html)','Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.htm)','BaiDuSpider','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) AddSugarSpiderBot www.idealobserver.com',]

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个HeaderMidWare.py文件内容为

# encoding: utf-8
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
import randomsettings = get_project_settings()class ProcessHeaderMidware():"""process request add request info"""def process_request(self, request, spider):"""随机从列表中获得header， 并传给user_agent进行使用"""ua = random.choice(settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST'))  spider.logger.info(msg='now entring download midware')if ua:request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua# Add desired logging message here.spider.logger.info(u'User-Agent is : {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request))pass

3.在setting.py文件中添加

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'projectName.MidWare.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware': 543,
}

第二种方法：fake_userAgent的使用

fake_userAgent是github上的开源项目
1.安装 fake_userAgent
pip install fake-useragent

fake_userAgent 使用方法

from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requestsua = UserAgent()
print(ua.ie)       #ie浏览器的user agent
print(ua.opera)    #opera浏览器
print(ua.chrome)   #chrome浏览器
print(ua.firefox)  #firefox浏览器
print(ua.safari)   #safri浏览器#最常用的方式
#写爬虫最实用的是可以随意变换headers，一定要有随机性。支持随机生成请求头
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)######################################################请求的网址
url="http://www.baidu.com"#请求头
headers={"User-Agent":ua.random}#请求网址
response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)#响应体内容
print(response.text)#响应状态信息
print(response.status_code)#响应头信息
print(response.headers)

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个user_agent_middlewares.py文件内容为

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from fake_useragent import UserAgentclass RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):#随机跟换user-agentdef __init__(self,crawler):super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware,self).__init__()self.ua = UserAgent()self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get('RANDOM_UA_TYPE','random')#从setting文件中读取RANDOM_UA_TYPE值@classmethoddef from_crawler(cls,crawler):return cls(crawler)def process_request(self,request,spider):  ###系统电泳函数def get_ua():return getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)# user_agent_random=get_ua()request.headers.setdefault('User_Agent',get_ua())pass

3.在setting.py中添加

RANDOM_UA_TYPE = 'random'##random    chromeDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {'projectName.MidWare.user_agent_middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddlware': 543, 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware':None,}

fake_userAgent伪装代理就配置好了，与第一种方法相比不用写一大串的浏览器头，那些浏览器头会在https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.7 中得到。

在第一次启用fake_userAgent的时候会有一些错，我认为是项目请求网络时需要缓存一些内容而导致的。

github地址：https://github.com/sea1234/fake-useragent