伪装浏览器代理 在爬取网页是有些服务器对请求过滤的不是很高可以不用ip来伪装请求直接将自己的浏览器信息给伪装也是可以的。

第一中方法：

1.在setting.py文件中加入以下内容，这是一些浏览器的头信息

USER_AGENT_LIST = ['zspider/0.9-dev http://feedback.redkolibri.com/',                    'Xaldon_WebSpider/2.0.b1',                    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)',                    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Speedy Spider; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.3; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.2; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.1; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.0; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (Beta/1.0; www.entireweb.com)',                    'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)',                    'Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com)',                    'Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)',                    'sogou spider',                    'Nusearch Spider (www.nusearch.com)',                    'nuSearch Spider (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows NT)',                    'lmspider (lmspider@scansoft.com)',                    'lmspider lmspider@scansoft.com',                    'ldspider (http://code.google.com/p/ldspider/wiki/Robots)',                    'iaskspider/2.0(+http://iask.com/help/help_index.html)',                    'iaskspider',                    'hl_ftien_spider_v1.1',                    'hl_ftien_spider',                    'FyberSpider (+http://www.fybersearch.com/fyberspider.php)',                    'FyberSpider',                    'everyfeed-spider/2.0 (http://www.everyfeed.com)',                    'envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 (+http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)',                    'envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 ( http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)',                    'Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider_jp.html)',                    'Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.htm)',                    'BaiDuSpider',                    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) AddSugarSpiderBot www.idealobserver.com',                   ]2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个HeaderMidWare.py文件 内容为

 1 # encoding: utf-8
 2 from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
 3 import random
 4
 5 settings = get_project_settings()
 6
 7 class ProcessHeaderMidware():
 8     """process request add request info"""
 9
10     def process_request(self, request, spider):
11         """
12         随机从列表中获得header， 并传给user_agent进行使用
13         """
14         ua = random.choice(settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST'))
15         spider.logger.info(msg='now entring download midware')
16         if ua:
17             request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua
18             # Add desired logging message here.
19             spider.logger.info(u'User-Agent is : {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request))
20         pass

View Code

3.在setting.py文件中添加

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {    'projectName.MidWare.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware': 543,}

第二种方法：fake_userAgent的使用

fake_userAgent是github上的开源项目1.安装fake_userAgent

pip install fake-useragent

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个user_agent_middlewares.py文件内容为

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 from fake_useragent import UserAgent
 3
 4 class RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):
 5     #随机跟换user-agent
 6     def __init__(self,crawler):
 7         super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware,self).__init__()
 8         self.ua = UserAgent()
 9         self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get('RANDOM_UA_TYPE','random')#从setting文件中读取RANDOM_UA_TYPE值
10
11     @classmethod
12     def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
13         return cls(crawler)
14
15     def process_request(self,request,spider):  ###系统电泳函数
16         def get_ua():
17             return getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)
18         # user_agent_random=get_ua()
19         request.headers.setdefault('User_Agent',get_ua())
20         pass

3.在setting.py中添加

　　RANDOM_UA_TYPE = 'random'##random    chrome

　　DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

　　'projectName.MidWare.user_agent_middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddlware': 543,

  　 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware':None,

}

fake_userAgent伪装代理就配置好了，与第一种方法相比不用写一大串的浏览器头，那些浏览器头会在

https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.7 中得到。

在第一次启用fake_userAgent的时候会有一些错，我认为是项目请求网络时需要缓存一些内容而导致的。

github地址：https://github.com/sea1234/fake-useragent