群集类型

群集类型

列表

元组

字典

集合

list

tuple

dict

set

1.列表

列表的类型是list,特点为有序，具备索引，内容与长度可以变动。要创建列表，可以使用[]直接表示法，列表中每个元素使用逗号分隔开。

列表的常见操作

(1) 元素的切片

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Mashu","Zhaoyun"]

print(names)

print(names[0]) # 切位置0的元素

print(names[0:4]) # 切出位置0~3的元素

print(names[-1]) # 切出最后一位的元素

print(names[-3:]) # 切片，左取右不取``

print(names[0:-1:2]) # 有间隔的切片

for i in names:

print(i) # 循环的切片方法，这个i就代表了列表中的元素

(2) 列表的增，改，删

names.append();names.insert();names.remove();names.pop()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

print(names)

names.append("Zhugelaing") # [增]-----在列表末尾 追加 诸葛亮

print(names)

names.insert(3,"daqiao") # [增]-----在列表中的位置3 插入 大乔

print(names)

names[2]="zhouyu" #[改]----- 将刘备 替换 为周瑜

print(names)

# names.remove("Masu") # [删]-----删除 马谡 (有三种常用的方法)

# del names[-3]

print(names.pop(-3))

print(names)

(3) 列表的查，统计

names.index();names.count()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

print(names)

print(names.index("Zhaoyun")) # 获取下标，赵云有俩个但是却只查到了列表里的第一个？？？？

print(names[names.index("Zhaoyun")])

print(names.count("Zhaoyun") ) # 统计 列表中赵云的个数

(4) 列表的反转，排序，合并

names.reverse();names,sort();names.extend()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

print(names)

names.reverse() # 将列表 反转

print(names)

names.sort() # 将列表按照默认的utf-8格式 排序

print(names)

names2=["Chaochao","Simayi","Diewei","Xiahuodong","Xuchu"]

names.extend(names2 ) # 合并俩个列表，但是合并的列表仍然存在

print(names)

(5) 列表的复制

names.copy();copy.copy();copy.deepcopy()

import copy # 需要为深copy引入模块

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun",["zhouyu","daqiao"],"Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

names1=names # 完全就是二者相等

names2=names.copy() # 浅copy，第二个列表里其实copy的是一个地址，可以用来实现一个联合账户的功能

names3=copy.copy(names) # 三种不同的实现方法

names4=names[:]

names5=copy.deepcopy(names) # 深copy一般不用因为会占用更多的空间

names[2]="刘邦" # 将位置2的元素改为刘邦

names[4][0]="小乔" # 将位置4列表里的位置0元素改为大乔

print(names) # 比较几种不同的复制

print(names1)

print(names2)

print(names3)

print(names4)

print(names5)

(6) 列表的清除

names.clear()

names=["Zhangfei","Guanyu","Liubie","Zhaoyun","Machoa","Jiangwei","Masu","Zhaoyun"]

print(names)

names.clear()

print(names)