LDAP介绍

LDAP是轻量目录访问协议，英文全称是Lightweight Directory Access Protocol，一般都简称为LDAP。它是基于X.500标准的，但是简单多了并且可以根据需要定制。与X.500不同，LDAP支持TCP/IP，这对访问Internet是必须的。LDAP的核心规范在RFC中都有定义，所有与LDAP相关的RFC都可以在LDAPman RFC网页中找到。

这篇部署文档是我参考了N多的国内外文章才整理出来的。

使用目的：

使用LDAP对运维相关用户名密码做统一管理。可以实现一个帐号登录多个不同系统。

部署：

一、Server端安装

Step 1: Install the following packages:

# yum install -y openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers migrationtools

二、配置

Step 2: Configure OpenLDAP Server:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn\=config/olcDatabase\=\{2\}hdb.ldif

change two lines:   #change  dc=yooma

olcSuffix: dc=yooma,dc=com

olcRootDN: cn=root,dc=yooma,dc=com

add one line:

olcRootPW: 123456 #密码根据自己需要修改

:wq!

Step 3: Configure Monitoring Database Configuration file:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn\=config/olcDatabase\=\{1\}monitor.ldif

#修改dn.base=""中的cn、dc项与step2中的相同

olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=extern

al,cn=auth" read by dn.base="cn=root,dc=yooma,dc=com" read by * none

:wq!

Step 4: Prepare the LDAP database:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# chown -R ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap

Step 5: Test the configuration:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# slaptest -u

56e7c83d ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}monitor.ldif"

56e7c83d ldif_read_file: checksum error on "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={2}hdb.ldif"

config file testing succeeded  #验证成功

Step 6: Start and enable the slapd service at boot:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# systemctl start slapd

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# systemctl enable slapd

Step 7: Check the LDAP activity:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# netstat -lt | grep ldap

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ldap 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp6 0 0 [::]:ldap [::]:* LISTEN

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# netstat -tunlp | egrep "389|636"

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18814/slapd

tcp6 0 0 :::389 :::* LISTEN 18814/slapd

Step 8: To start the configuration of the LDAP server, add the follwing LDAP schemas:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# cd /etc/openldap/schema/

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f cosine.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f nis.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f collective.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f corba.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f core.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f duaconf.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f dyngroup.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f inetorgperson.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f java.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f misc.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f openldap.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f pmi.ldif

# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -D "cn=config" -f ppolicy.ldif

##################################################

# NOTE-: You can add schema files according to your need: #

##################################################

Step 9: Now use Migration Tools to create LDAP DIT:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# cd /usr/share/migrationtools/

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# vim migrate_common.ph

on the Line Number 61, change "ou=Groups"

$NAMINGCONTEXT{'group'} = "ou=Groups";

on the Line Number 71, change your domain name

$DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "yooma.com";

on the line number 74, change your base name

$DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=yooma,dc=com";

on the line number 90, change schema value

$EXTENDED_SCHEMA = 1;

:wq!

Step 10: Generate a base.ldif file for your Domain DIT:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ./migrate_base.pl /root/base.ldif

Step 11: Load "base.ldif" into LDAP Database:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=root,dc=yooma,dc=com" -f /root/base.ldif

Step 12: Now Create some users and Groups and migrate it from local database to LDAP database:

#mkdir /home/guests

#useradd -d /home/guests/ldapuser1 ldapuser1

#useradd -d /home/guests/ldapuser2 ldapuser2

#echo 'password' | passwd --stdin ldapuser1

#echo 'password' | passwd --stdin ldapuser2

Step 13: Now filter out these Users and Groups and it password from /etc/shadow to different file:

#getent passwd | tail -n 5 > /root/users

#getent shadow | tail -n 5 > /root/shadow

# getent group | tail -n 5 > /root/groups

Step 14: Now you need to create ldif file for these users using migrationtools:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter ~]# cd /usr/share/migrationtools

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# vim migrate_passwd.pl

#search /etc/shadow and replace it into /root/shadow on Line Number 188.

:wq!

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ./migrate_passwd.pl /root/users > users.ldif

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ./migrate_group.pl /root/groups > groups.ldif

Step 15: Upload these users and groups ldif file into LDAP Database:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=root,dc=yooma,dc=com" -f users.ldif

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=root,dc=yooma,dc=com" -f groups.ldif

Step 16: Now search LDAP DIT for all records:

[root@HBC-CtrlCenter migrationtools]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=yooma,dc=com" -H ldap://127.0.0.1

三、客户端安装配置调试

[root@HBC-C1-WB-5 ~]# yum install -y nss-pam*

[root@HBC-C1-WB-5 ~]# authconfig-tui   #chose the secend [ Use LDAP] and next

click OK.

[root@HBC-C1-WB-5 ~]# su ldapuser1

bash-4.2$     #测试成功