HttpClient介绍

本文内容整理自：
https://blog.csdn.net/w372426096/article/details/82713315

HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性，它不仅使客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。

org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient与org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的区别

Commons的HttpClient项目现在是生命的尽头，不再被开发, 已被Apache HttpComponents项目HttpClient和HttpCore 模组取代，提供更好的性能和更大的灵活性。

一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

二、特性

基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
支持HTTPS协议。
通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
插件式的自定义认证方案。
便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。
自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
设置连接超时的能力。
实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

三、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

创建HttpClient对象。
创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

相关jar包

commons-cli-1.2.jar
commons-codec-1.9.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
fluent-hc-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-cache-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-win-4.5.1.jar
httpcore-4.4.3.jar
httpcore-ab-4.4.3.jar
httpcore-nio-4.4.3.jar
httpmime-4.5.1.jar
jna-4.1.0.jar
jna-platform-4.1.0.jar
最简单post请求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  public class First {  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();  formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));  formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));  HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");  RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  .setConnectTimeout(5000)//一、连接超时：connectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间  .setSocketTimeout(5000)// 二、读取数据超时：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间  .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)  .build();  HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");  post.setEntity(reqEntity);  post.setConfig(requestConfig);  HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);  if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {  HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");  System.out.println(message);  } else {  System.out.println("请求失败");  }  }  }

四、实例
主文件

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HttpClientTest {  //方法见下........
}

HttpClientUtils工具类

package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;  public class HttpClientUtils {  private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;  private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;  private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;  private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;  private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;  private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";  private static int PORT = 80;  static {  //设置http的状态参数  requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  .setSocketTimeout(5000)  .setConnectTimeout(5000)  .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)  .build();  HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);  connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();  connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);//客户端总并行链接最大数  connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);//每个主机的最大并行链接数  connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);  httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();  httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);  }  public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {  CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();  return httpClient;  }  public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {  List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();  Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();  for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {  String name = e.getKey();  String value = e.getValue();  NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);  params.add(pair);  }  HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;  if ("post".equals(method)) {  reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)  .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))  .setConfig(requestConfig).build();  } else if ("get".equals(method)) {  reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)  .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))  .setConfig(requestConfig).build();  }  return reqMethod;  }  public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {  Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();  map.put("account", "");  map.put("password", "");  HttpClient client = getConnection();  HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");  HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);  if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {  HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");  System.out.println(message);  } else {  System.out.println("请求失败");  }  }
}

get方式

/** * 发送 get请求 */   public void get() {   CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();   try {   // 创建httpget.     HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");   System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());   // 执行get请求.     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);   try {   // 获取响应实体     HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();   System.out.println("--------------------------------------");   // 打印响应状态     System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());   if (entity != null) {   // 打印响应内容长度     System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());   // 打印响应内容     System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));   }   System.out.println("------------------------------------");   } finally {   response.close();   }   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ParseException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   // 关闭连接,释放资源     try {   httpclient.close();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

post方式

/** * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 */   public void post() {   // 创建默认的httpClient实例.     CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();   // 创建httppost     HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");   // 创建参数队列     List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();   formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));   UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;   try {   uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");   httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);   System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());   CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);   try {   HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();   if (entity != null) {   System.out.println("--------------------------------------");   System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));   System.out.println("--------------------------------------");   }   } finally {   response.close();   }   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {   e1.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   // 关闭连接,释放资源     try {   httpclient.close();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

post方式乱码补充

如果有乱码,可以偿试使用 StringEntity 来替换HttpEntity:

StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName(“UTF-8”));// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码
content.setContentType(“application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8”);
content.setContentEncoding(“UTF-8”);
httppost.setEntity(content);
具体SOAP协议代码如下:

 package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;  import java.io.BufferedReader;  import java.io.File;  import java.io.FileInputStream;  import java.io.FileReader;  import java.io.IOException;  import java.io.InputStreamReader;  import java.nio.charset.Charset;  import java.util.Scanner;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;  import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;  import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;  import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;  import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;  import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;  import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  import org.jdom.Document;  import org.jdom.Element;  import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;  import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;  import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;  /** * * */  public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {  private  String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";  private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());  public String invoke(String sRequest) {  StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();  soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");  soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");  soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");  soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");  soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");  soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");  soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");  soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");  soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");  soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");  soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");  soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");  HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);  StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码  content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");  content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");  httppost.setEntity(content);  //用下面的服务器端以UTF-8接收到的报文会乱码,原因未知  //        HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(  //                ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN  //                .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();  //        httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  //        httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",  //                "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");  HttpResponse response = null;  Document doc = null;  String returnXml = null;  String sentity = null;  try {  response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  if (resEntity != null) {  sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");  doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);  System.out.println(doc.toString());  Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();  Element body = eRoot.getChild("Body", eRoot.getNamespace());  Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get(0);  Element returnele = resp.getChild("return");  returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();  }  } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } finally {  log.info("发送给系统的请求报文：\n" + soapRequestData.toString());  log.info("系统返回的响应报文：\n" + sentity);  log.info("返回给核心的的报文:\n" + returnXml);  }  return returnXml;  }  public String getServiceUrl() {  return serviceUrl;  }  public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {  this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;  }  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  File file = new File("D:/test.txt");  System.out.println(file.exists());  String temp2 = null;  StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();  InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");  BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);  temp2 = br.readLine();  while( temp2 != null ){  sb2.append(temp2);  temp2 = br.readLine();  }  String sss = sb2.toString();  //        System.out.println(sss.toString());  new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);  }  }

post提交表单

/** * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） */   public void postForm() {   // 创建默认的httpClient实例.     CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();   // 创建httppost     HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");   // 创建参数队列     List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();   formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));   formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));   UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;   try {   uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");   httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);   System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());   CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);   try {   HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();   if (entity != null) {   System.out.println("--------------------------------------");   System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));   System.out.println("--------------------------------------");   }   } finally {   response.close();   }   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {   e1.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   // 关闭连接,释放资源     try {   httpclient.close();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

文件上传

/** * 上传文件 */   public void upload() {   CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();   try {   HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");   FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));   StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);   HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();   httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);   System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());   CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);   try {   System.out.println("----------------------------------------");   System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());   HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();   if (resEntity != null) {   System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());   }   EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);   } finally {   response.close();   }   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   try {   httpclient.close();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

ssl连接

/** * HttpClient连接SSL */   public void ssl() {   CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;   try {   KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());   FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));   try {   // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore     trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());   } catch (CertificateException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   try {   instream.close();   } catch (Exception ignore) {   }   }   // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书   SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();   // 只允许使用TLSv1协议   SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,   SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);   httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();   // 创建http请求(get方式)   HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");   System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());   CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);   try {   HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();   System.out.println("----------------------------------------");   System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());   if (entity != null) {   System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());   System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));   EntityUtils.consume(entity);   }   } finally {   response.close();   }   } catch (ParseException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (KeyManagementException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } catch (KeyStoreException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } finally {   if (httpclient != null) {   try {   httpclient.close();   } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }   }

关于RequestConfig的配置:
源自:

http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944

http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945

public void requestConfig(){
//      新建一个RequestConfig：  RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  //一、连接目标服务器超时时间：ConnectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间  .setConnectTimeout(5000)  //二、读取目标服务器数据超时时间：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间  .setSocketTimeout(5000)  //三、从连接池获取连接的超时时间:ConnectionRequestTimeout  .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)  .build();  //      这个超时可以设置为客户端级别,作为所有请求的默认值：  CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()  .setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)  .build();
//       httpclient.execute(httppost);的时候可以让httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默认配置.  //      Request不会继承客户端级别的请求配置，所以在自定义Request的时候，需要将客户端的默认配置拷贝过去：  HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");  RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)  .setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))  .build();  httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);

// httpget可以单独地使用新copy的requestConfig请求配置,不会对别的request请求产生影响
}
httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差异

//httpPost.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求,所以个人理应,用这个应该可以在session中虚拟登录
//httpPost.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session
可知模拟登录可以如下: 源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343

package com.bms.core;  import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;  import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;  public class Test2 {  /** * @param args * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */  public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {  DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();  HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");  String body = "";  HttpResponse response;  HttpEntity entity;  response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);  entity = response.getEntity();  body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);//这个就是页面源码了  httpGet.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求  System.out.println(body);  //httpGet.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session  //以下是post方法  HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//一定要改成可以提交的地址,这里用百度代替  List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();  nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值对  nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));  httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));  response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);  entity = response.getEntity();  body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);  System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//这个可以打印状态  httpPost.abort();  System.out.println(body);  httpPost.releaseConnection();  }  }

源自 http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply

其它相关资料: 非CloseableHttpClient HTTPClient模块的HttpGet和HttpPost

HttpClient 4.3教程

httpclient异常情况分析

我项目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)

package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;  import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;  import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;  public class HttpClientUtil {  private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;   static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//总最大连接数  static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每条线路最大连接数 = 本系统核心线程数 , 这样永远不会超过最大连接  public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {  if (null == httpclient) {  synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {  if (null == httpclient) {  httpclient = getNewHttpClient();  }  }  }  return httpclient;  }  private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {  // 设置连接池  ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();  LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();  Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();  PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);  // 配置最大连接数  cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);  // 配置每条线路的最大连接数  cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);  // 请求重试处理  HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {  @Override  public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,  int executionCount, HttpContext context) {  if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试  return true;  }  if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常  return false;  }  HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);  HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();  if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {  return true;  }  return false;  }  };  CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=null;  newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()  .setConnectionManager(cm)
//                                           .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)  .setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)  .build();  return newHttpclient;  }
}

我自己整理的HttpClientTool

package com.isoftstone.core.util;  import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;  import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;  /** * org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient链接池生成工具 * @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html * @author King * @date 20170601 */
public class HttpClientTool {  // org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient  private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  // 这里就直接默认固定了,因为以下三个参数在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置并被覆盖.  static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,从池中获取链接超时时间  static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立链接超时时间  static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,读取超时时间  // 总配置,主要涉及是以下两个参数,如果要作调整没有用到properties会比较后麻烦,但鉴于一经粘贴,随处可用的特点,就不再做依赖性配置化处理了.  // 而且这个参数同一家公司基本不会变动.  static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大总并发,很重要的参数  static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路并发,很重要的参数  // 正常情况这里应该配成MAP或LIST  // 细化配置参数,用来对每路参数做精细化处理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默认配置请求baidu:80端口最大100个并发链接,  static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每个细化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)  static final int detailPort = 80;// 每个细化配置之port(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)  static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每个细化配置之最大并发数(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)  public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {  if (null == httpclient) {  synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {  if (null == httpclient) {  httpclient = init();  }  }  }  return httpclient;  }  /** * 链接池初始化 这里最重要的一点理解就是. 让CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost却一直用完就消掉. * 这样可以让链接一直保持着. *  * @return */  private static CloseableHttpClient init() {  CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;  // 设置连接池  ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();  LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();  Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();  PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);  // 将最大连接数增加  cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);  // 将每个路由基础的连接增加  cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);  // 细化配置开始,其实这里用Map或List的for循环来配置每个链接,在特殊场景很有用.  // 将每个路由基础的连接做特殊化配置,一般用不着  HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);  // 将目标主机的最大连接数增加  cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);  // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),  // detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有细化配置2  // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),  // detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有细化配置3  // 细化配置结束  // 请求重试处理  HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {  @Override  public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {  if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试  return true;  }  if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝  return false;  }  if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常  return false;  }  HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);  HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();  // 如果请求是幂等的，就再次尝试  if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {  return true;  }  return false;  }  };  // 配置请求的超时设置  RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();  newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();  return newHttpclient;  }
}

package com.alqsoft.utils;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieOrigin;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpec;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpecProvider;
import org.apache.http.cookie.MalformedCookieException;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BestMatchSpecFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpec;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpecFactory;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;public class HttpClientObject {private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HttpClientObject.class);private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;private HttpResponse response;private HttpPost httpPost = null;private HttpGet httpGet = null;private String paramKey = "";private String paramValue = "";private String responseString;public void setParamKey(String paramKey) {this.paramKey = paramKey;}public void setParamValue(String paramValue) {this.paramValue = paramValue;}public String getResponseString() {return responseString;}public HttpClientObject() {this.getHttpClient();}private List<NameValuePair> getRequestBody() {NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair(paramKey, paramValue);List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();pairList.add(pair1);return pairList;}public void submit() {try {if (httpPost != null) {response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);httpPost = null;}if (httpGet != null) {response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);httpGet = null;}this.response();} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private void response() {String result = "";BufferedReader in = null;try {HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();responseString = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (in != null) {in.close();}} catch (Exception e2) {e2.printStackTrace();}}}public void setPost(String httpUrl) {try {HttpEntity requestHttpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(this.getRequestBody());httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "”application/json;charset=UTF-8");httpPost.setEntity(requestHttpEntity);} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void setGet(String httpUrl) {httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");}private void getHttpClient() {BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();CookieSpecProvider easySpecProvider = new CookieSpecProvider() {public CookieSpec create(HttpContext context) {return new BrowserCompatSpec() {@Overridepublic void validate(Cookie cookie, CookieOrigin origin)throws MalformedCookieException {// Oh, I am easy}};}};Registry<CookieSpecProvider> r = RegistryBuilder.<CookieSpecProvider>create().register(CookieSpecs.BEST_MATCH, new BestMatchSpecFactory()).register(CookieSpecs.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY, new BrowserCompatSpecFactory()).register("easy", easySpecProvider).build();RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec("easy").setSocketTimeout(20000).setConnectTimeout(20000).build();httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieSpecRegistry(r).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();}/*** httpclient发送http get请求；** @return* @throws URISyntaxException* @throws IOException* @throws ClientProtocolException*/public static String sendGet(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();uri.setPath(uriPath);uri.addParameters(ns);URI u = uri.build();HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(u);CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());}/*** httpclient发送http post请求；** @return* @throws URISyntaxException* @throws IOException* @throws ClientProtocolException*/public static String sendPost(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();uri.setPath(uriPath);uri.addParameters(ns);URI u = uri.build();HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(u);CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());}}

使用方法如下：

    String signUrl= ”路径“；try{List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("phone",phone));nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xytId",String.valueOf(xytId)));nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("balance",balance));String result=HttpClientObject.sendPost(signUrl,nameValuePairs);logger.info("result: = "+result);JSONObject jsonObject=JSON.parseObject(result);Integer code=Integer.valueOf(jsonObject.getString("code"));if(code.equals(0)){code1=0L;}else if(code.equals(1)){code1=1L;}else if(code.equals(3)){code1=3L;}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}

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