Java使用RSA的公钥加密，私钥解密；私钥加密，公钥解密

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* 2021/5/17 0017**/
public class RSAEncrypt_CSDN {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RSAEncrypt_CSDN.class);private static final String PUBLIC_KEY="publicKey";private static final String PRIVATE_KEY="privateKey";public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//随机生成公钥和秘钥Map<String, String> keyMap = genKeyPair();System.out.println("随机公钥:"+keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY));System.out.println("随机私钥:"+keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY));String publicKey = keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);String privateKey = keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);//加密字符串String message = "{\"allBillList\":[{\"id\":\"264786\",\"billNo\":\"WB2021051700064\",\"billTypeId\":13,\"billTypeName\":\"定损维修\",\"vehicleNo\":\"京Q683976\",\"vehicleId\":\"532928\",\"vehicleOwner\":\"北京测试公司\",\"vehicleModelName\":\"宝马\",\"orderCar\":0,\"orderCarName\":\"短租\",\"cityId\":null,\"cityName\":\"北京\",\"deptId\":null,\"deptName\":\"北京测试\",\"nowCityId\":null,\"nowCityName\":null,\"nowDeptId\":null,\"nowDeptName\":null,\"belongCityId\":null,\"belongCityName\":\"北京\",\"belongDeptId\":null,\"belongDeptName\":\"知春路店\",\"costBelongAreaName\":\"知春路大片区\",\"costBelongCityName\":\"北京\",\"costBelongDeptName\":\"知春路店\",\"createTime\":\"2021-05-17 10:11\",\"modifyTime\":null,\"billStatusId\":109,\"billStatusName\":\"方案已通过\",\"createEmpName\":\"JD\",\"createEmpDeptName\":\"北京测试\",\"pickupType\":2,\"pickupTypeName\":\"上门\",\"isDelete\":0,\"isDeleteeName\":\"否\",\"garageId\":null}],\"totalCount\":1}";System.out.println("前端请求的原数据:"+message);String messageEn = publicKeyEncrypt(message, publicKey);System.out.println("前端请求的加密:" + messageEn);String messageDe = privateKeyDecrypt(messageEn, privateKey);System.out.println("后端解密出来的数据:" + messageDe);System.out.println("==========================================");//前端数据展示处理//私钥加密，公钥解密String s = privateKeyEncrypt(messageDe, privateKey);System.out.println("后端返回的加密数据:"+s);String s1 = publicKeyDecrypt(s, publicKey);System.out.println("前端解密出来显示的数据:"+s1);}/*** 功能描述:* 〈随机生成密钥对〉** @return : java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String>* @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* @date : 2021/5/17 0017 17:38*/public static Map<String, String> genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {System.out.println("开始生成公钥私钥对");// KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");// 初始化密钥对生成器，密钥大小为96-1024位keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());// 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();    // 得到私钥RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();        // 得到公钥String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));// 得到私钥字符串String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));// 将公钥和私钥保存到MapMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKeyString);map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKeyString);return map;}/*** RSA私钥加密** @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* @param str* @param privateKey* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String privateKeyEncrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception {log.info("{}|RSA私钥加密前的数据|str:{}|publicKey:{}",str);//base64编码的公钥byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);PrivateKey priKey = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));//RSA加密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, priKey);//当长度过长的时候，需要分割后加密 117个字节byte[] resultBytes = getMaxResultEncrypt(str, cipher);String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(resultBytes);log.info("{}|RSA私钥加密后的数据|outStr:{}",outStr);return outStr;}/*** RSA公钥解密** @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* @param str* @param publicKey* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String publicKeyDecrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {log.info("{}|RSA公钥解密前的数据|str:{}|publicKey:{}",str);//64位解码加密后的字符串byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));//base64编码的私钥byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);PublicKey pubKey =  KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));//RSA解密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pubKey);//当长度过长的时候，需要分割后解密 128个字节String outStr = new String(getMaxResultDecrypt(str, cipher));log.info("{}|RSA公钥解密后的数据|outStr:{}",outStr);return outStr;}/*** RSA公钥加密*** @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* @param str       加密字符串* @param publicKey 公钥* @return 密文* @throws Exception 加密过程中的异常信息*/public static String publicKeyEncrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {log.info("{}|RSA公钥加密前的数据|str:{}|publicKey:{}", str);//base64编码的公钥byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));//RSA加密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);//当长度过长的时候，需要分割后加密 117个字节byte[] resultBytes = getMaxResultEncrypt(str, cipher);String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(resultBytes);log.info("{}|公钥加密后的数据|outStr:{}", outStr);return outStr;}private static byte[] getMaxResultEncrypt(String str, Cipher cipher) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {byte[] inputArray = str.getBytes();int inputLength = inputArray.length;log.info("{}|加密字节数|inputLength:{}", inputLength);// 最大加密字节数，超出最大字节数需要分组加密int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;// 标识int offSet = 0;byte[] resultBytes = {};byte[] cache = {};while (inputLength - offSet > 0) {if (inputLength - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(inputArray, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);offSet += MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(inputArray, offSet, inputLength - offSet);offSet = inputLength;}resultBytes = Arrays.copyOf(resultBytes, resultBytes.length + cache.length);System.arraycopy(cache, 0, resultBytes, resultBytes.length - cache.length, cache.length);}return resultBytes;}/*** RSA私钥解密** @author gggcgba 【wechat:13031016567】* @param str        加密字符串* @param privateKey 私钥* @return 铭文* @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息*/public static String privateKeyDecrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception {log.info("{}|RSA私钥解密前的数据|str:{}|privateKey:{}", str);//64位解码加密后的字符串byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));//base64编码的私钥byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));//RSA解密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
//        String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));//当长度过长的时候，需要分割后解密 128个字节String outStr = new String(getMaxResultDecrypt(str, cipher));log.info("{}|RSA私钥解密后的数据|outStr:{}", outStr);return outStr;}private static byte[] getMaxResultDecrypt(String str, Cipher cipher) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {byte[] inputArray = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));int inputLength = inputArray.length;log.info("{}|解密字节数|inputLength:{}", inputLength);// 最大解密字节数，超出最大字节数需要分组加密int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 128;// 标识int offSet = 0;byte[] resultBytes = {};byte[] cache = {};while (inputLength - offSet > 0) {if (inputLength - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(inputArray, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);offSet += MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(inputArray, offSet, inputLength - offSet);offSet = inputLength;}resultBytes = Arrays.copyOf(resultBytes, resultBytes.length + cache.length);System.arraycopy(cache, 0, resultBytes, resultBytes.length - cache.length, cache.length);}return resultBytes;}
}

前端一般使用公钥加密，后端一般使用私钥解密.

因为公钥是公开的，很多人可以持有公钥。若用私钥加密，那所有持有公钥的人都可以进行解密，这是不安全的！
若用公钥加密，那只能由私钥解密，而私钥是私有不公开的，只能由特定的私钥持有人解密，保证的数据的安全性。

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Java使用RSA进行加密解密【完美版本】；Data must not be longer than 117 bytes【不报此错误】

Java使用RSA的公钥加密，私钥解密；私钥加密，公钥解密

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