软件工程专业毕业设计外文文献翻译

(二〇一三 年 六 月本科毕业设计外文文献翻译学校代码： 10128学 号：200920205048英 文 题 目 ： Software Database An Object-Oriented Perspective.中 文 题 目 ： 软 件 数 据 库 的 面 向 对 象 的 视 角学 生 姓 名 ： 宋兰兰学 院 ： 信 息 工 程 学 院系 别 ： 软 件 工 程 系专 业 ： 软 件 工 程班 级 ： 软 件 09-1指 导 教 师 ： 关玉欣 讲师内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计外文文献翻译内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计外文文献翻译1A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEFrom the earliest days of computers, storing and manipulating data have been a major application focus. The first general-purpose DBMS was designed by Charles Bachman at General Electric in the early 1960s and was called the Integrated Data Store. It ed the basis for the network data model, which was standardized by the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) and strongly influenced database systems through the 1960s. Bachman was the first recipient of ACM’s Turing Award (the computer science equivalent of a Nobel prize) for work in the database area; he received the award in 1973. In the late 1960s, IBM developed the Ination Management System (IMS) DBMS, used even today in many major installations. IMS ed the basis for an alternative data representation framework called the hierarchical data model. The SABRE system for making airline reservations was jointly developed by American Airlines and IBM around the same time, and it allowed several people to access the same data through computer network. Interestingly, today the same SABRE system is used to power popular Web-based travel services such as Travelocity!In 1970, Edgar Codd, at IBM’s San Jose Research Laboratory, proposed a new data representation framework called the relational data model. This proved to be a watershed in the development of database systems: it sparked rapid development of several DBMSs based on the relational model, along with a rich body of theoretical results that placed the field on a firm foundation. Codd won the 1981 Turing Award for his seminal work. Database systems matured as an academic discipline, and the popularity of relational DBMSs changed the commercial landscape. Their benefits were widely recognized, and the use of DBMSs for managing corporate data became standard practice.In the 1980s, the relational model consolidated its position as the dominant DBMS paradigm, and database systems continued to gain widespread use. The SQL query language for relational databases, developed as part of IBM’s System R project, is now the standard query language. SQL was standardized in the late 1980s, and the current standard, SQL-92, was adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and 内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计外文文献翻译2International Standards Organization (ISO). Arguably, the most widely used of concurrent programming is the concurrent cution of database programs (called transactions). Users write programs as if they are to be run by themselves, and the responsibility for running them concurrently is given to the DBMS. James Gray won the 1999 Turing award for his contributions to the field of transaction management in a DBMS.In the late 198