STM32嵌入式FLASH擦除与写入

嵌入式Flash

Flash具有以下主要特性:
1.对于STM32F40x和 STM32F41x，容量高达1 MB;对于STM32F42x和STM32F43x，容量高达2MB。128位宽数据读取---------意思就是128/8=16（字节）

2.字节、半字、字和双字数据写入----对应一个字节，两个字节，四个字节，八个字节。（推荐以字读取和写入，即四个字节，刚好32位）

3.扇区擦除与全部擦除
扇区擦除就像你删除电脑的C盘内容，不删除D-F盘内容一样。
扇区擦除完的数据都为0XFF

4.存储器组织结构Flash 结构如下:
-主存储器块，分为4个16 KB扇区、1个64 KB扇区和7个128 KB扇区-系统存储器，器件在系统存储器自举模式下从该存储器启动

编程的时候，要注意写入数据是在哪个扇区，而且要知道扇区地址，不能够超过芯片的FLASH大小，例如你是512KB的，最多就到扇区7。

512字节OTP (一次性可编程,once time program)，用于存储用户数据。OTP区域还有16个额外字节，用于锁定对应的OTP数据块。选项字节，用于配置读写保护、BOR级别、软件/硬件看门狗以及器件处于待机或停止模式下的复位。低功耗模式（有关详细信息，请参见参考手册的“电源控制(PWR)”部分)

STM32片内自带SRAM和FLASH，FLASH是用来存储程序的，SRAM是用来存储程序运行中的中间变量，通常不同型号的STM32的SRAM和FLASH大小是不相同的。例如STM32L431RCT6,SRAM容量大小为64KB，闪存FLASH的容量大小为256KB。

库函数的识别方法：硬件开头+大小写结合，ucos系统的代码量可能有100kb。

编程（根据固件库手册的例子进行模仿编写）
（1）解锁保护机制
（2）清空标志位
（3）获取扇区的起始地址和末地址（用于擦除扇区）
（4）使用循环，擦除扇区
（5）写入数据（一定要先擦除，才能写入数据）
（6）读取数据，验证是否正确写入
（7）锁定FLASH，进行保护

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_rcc.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"static GPIO_InitTypeDef     GPIO_InitStructure;
static USART_InitTypeDef    USART_InitStructure;
static NVIC_InitTypeDef     NVIC_InitStructure;     //重定义fputc函数
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{   USART_SendData(USART1,ch);while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE)==RESET);  return ch;
}   void delay_us(uint32_t nus)
{       uint32_t temp;           SysTick->LOAD =SystemCoreClock/8/1000000*nus;  //时间加载           SysTick->VAL  =0x00;                           //清空计数器SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;         //使能滴答定时器开始倒数    do{temp=SysTick->CTRL;}while((temp&0x01)&&!(temp&(1<<16)));          //等待时间到达   SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;         //关闭计数器SysTick->VAL =0X00;                              //清空计数器
}void delay_ms(uint16_t nms)
{                 uint32_t temp;           SysTick->LOAD=SystemCoreClock/8/1000*nms;        //时间加载(SysTick->LOAD为24bit)SysTick->VAL =0x00;                               //清空计数器SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;     //能滴答定时器开始倒数 do{temp=SysTick->CTRL;}while((temp&0x01)&&!(temp&(1<<16)));          //等待时间到达   SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;     //关闭计数器SysTick->VAL =0X00;                          //清空计数器
} void USART1_Init(uint32_t baud)
{RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);                           //使能GPIOA时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);                            //使能USART1时钟//串口1对应引脚复用映射GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource9,GPIO_AF_USART1);                        //GPIOA9复用为USART1GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA,GPIO_PinSource10,GPIO_AF_USART1);                       //GPIOA10复用为USART1//USART1端口配置GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9 | GPIO_Pin_10;                      //GPIOA9与GPIOA10GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;                                   //复用功能GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;                                //速度50MHzGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;                                    //推挽复用输出GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP;                                   //上拉GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);                                           //初始化PA9，PA10//USART1 初始化设置USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = baud;                                       //波特率设置USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;                     //字长为8位数据格式USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;                          //一个停止位USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;                             //无奇偶校验位USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;    //无硬件数据流控制USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;                  //收发模式USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);                                         //初始化串口1USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);                                                      //使能串口1 USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);                                  //开启相关中断//Usart1 NVIC 配置NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;                              //串口1中断通道NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3;                           //抢占优先级3NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =3;                              //子优先级3NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                                 //IRQ通道使能NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);                                                    //根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器
}uint32_t uwStartSector = 0;
uint32_t uwEndSector = 0;
uint32_t uwAddress = 0;
uint32_t uwSectorCounter = 0;__IO uint32_t uwData32 = 0;
__IO uint32_t uwMemoryProgramStatus = 0;//这些地址从F4中文手册的第三章FLASH可以查到
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0     ((uint32_t)0x08000000) /* Base address of Sector 0, 16 Kbytes   */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1     ((uint32_t)0x08004000) /* Base address of Sector 1, 16 Kbytes   */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2     ((uint32_t)0x08008000) /* Base address of Sector 2, 16 Kbytes   */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3     ((uint32_t)0x0800C000) /* Base address of Sector 3, 16 Kbytes   */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4     ((uint32_t)0x08010000) /* Base address of Sector 4, 64 Kbytes   */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5     ((uint32_t)0x08020000) /* Base address of Sector 5, 128 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6     ((uint32_t)0x08040000) /* Base address of Sector 6, 128 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7     ((uint32_t)0x08060000) /* Base address of Sector 7, 128 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8     ((uint32_t)0x08080000) /* Base address of Sector 8, 128 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9     ((uint32_t)0x080A0000) /* Base address of Sector 9, 128 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10    ((uint32_t)0x080C0000) /* Base address of Sector 10, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11    ((uint32_t)0x080E0000) /* Base address of Sector 11, 128 Kbytes */#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12     ((uint32_t)0x08100000) /* Base address of Sector 12, 16 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13     ((uint32_t)0x08104000) /* Base address of Sector 13, 16 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14     ((uint32_t)0x08108000) /* Base address of Sector 14, 16 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15     ((uint32_t)0x0810C000) /* Base address of Sector 15, 16 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16     ((uint32_t)0x08110000) /* Base address of Sector 16, 64 Kbytes  */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17     ((uint32_t)0x08120000) /* Base address of Sector 17, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18     ((uint32_t)0x08140000) /* Base address of Sector 18, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19     ((uint32_t)0x08160000) /* Base address of Sector 19, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20     ((uint32_t)0x08180000) /* Base address of Sector 20, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21     ((uint32_t)0x081A0000) /* Base address of Sector 21, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22     ((uint32_t)0x081C0000) /* Base address of Sector 22, 128 Kbytes */
#define ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23     ((uint32_t)0x081E0000) /* Base address of Sector 23, 128 Kbytes *///这里就以6起始，7结束
#define FLASH_USER_START_ADDR   ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6   /* Start address of user Flash area */#define FLASH_USER_END_ADDR     ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7  /* End address of user Flash area *///获取扇区地址
static uint32_t GetSector(uint32_t Address)
{uint32_t sector = 0;if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_0)){sector = FLASH_Sector_0;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_1)){sector = FLASH_Sector_1;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_2)){sector = FLASH_Sector_2;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_3)){sector = FLASH_Sector_3;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_4)){sector = FLASH_Sector_4;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_5)){sector = FLASH_Sector_5;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_6)){sector = FLASH_Sector_6;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_7)){sector = FLASH_Sector_7;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_8)){sector = FLASH_Sector_8;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_9)){sector = FLASH_Sector_9;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_10)){sector = FLASH_Sector_10;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_11)){sector = FLASH_Sector_11;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_12)){sector = FLASH_Sector_12;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_13)){sector = FLASH_Sector_13;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_14)){sector = FLASH_Sector_14;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_15)){sector = FLASH_Sector_15;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_16)){sector = FLASH_Sector_16;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_17)){sector = FLASH_Sector_17;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_18)){sector = FLASH_Sector_18;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_19)){sector = FLASH_Sector_19;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_20)){sector = FLASH_Sector_20;  } else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_21)){sector = FLASH_Sector_21;  }else if((Address < ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_22)){sector = FLASH_Sector_22;  }else/*(Address < FLASH_END_ADDR) && (Address >= ADDR_FLASH_SECTOR_23))*/{sector = FLASH_Sector_23;  }return sector;
}int main(void)
{ char buf[128]={0};//使能GPIOG的硬件时钟RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOG, ENABLE);//系统定时器初始化，时钟源来自HCLK，且进行8分频，//系统定时器时钟频率=168MHz/8=21MHzSysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8); //设置中断优先级分组2NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//串口1,波特率115200bps,开启接收中断USART1_Init(115200);/* Enable the flash control register access ，使能FLASH寄存器的访问，解除保护机制*/FLASH_Unlock();/* Clear pending flags (if any) ，清空标志位*/  FLASH_ClearFlag(FLASH_FLAG_EOP | FLASH_FLAG_OPERR | FLASH_FLAG_WRPERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGAERR | FLASH_FLAG_PGPERR|FLASH_FLAG_PGSERR);
#if 1/* 通过扇区地址转换为扇区号，因为进行扇区擦除的时候，需要填写扇区的编号*/uwStartSector     = GetSector(FLASH_USER_START_ADDR);uwEndSector     = GetSector(FLASH_USER_END_ADDR);/* Strat the erase operation ，开始扇区擦除*/uwSectorCounter = uwStartSector;while (uwSectorCounter <= uwEndSector) {/* Device voltage range supposed to be [2.7V to 3.6V], the operation willbe done by word */ if (FLASH_EraseSector(uwSectorCounter, VoltageRange_3) != FLASH_COMPLETE){ /* Error occurred while sector erase. ，擦除错误User can add here some code to deal with this error  */while (1){printf("Erase error\r\n");delay_ms(500);}}/* jump to the next sector */if (uwSectorCounter == FLASH_Sector_11){uwSectorCounter += 40;} else {uwSectorCounter += 8;}}//添加读取数据的代码，测试擦除完之后读到的值是？uwAddress = FLASH_USER_START_ADDR;               //扇区6的起始地址while (uwAddress < FLASH_USER_END_ADDR){//指向扇区地址并取指就等同于读取数据uwData32 = *(__IO uint32_t*)uwAddress;//因为每次读取是4个字节，所以每次地址偏移4个字节uwAddress = uwAddress + 4;//[可选]打印一些调试信息，每偏移1000地址就打印一次数据if(uwAddress % 1000 ==0)printf("%8X \r\n",uwData32);}     #endif/* Program the user Flash area word by word ，开始写入数据*//* area defined by FLASH_USER_START_ADDR and FLASH_USER_END_ADDR */uwAddress = FLASH_USER_START_ADDR;                //扇区6的起始地址while (uwAddress < FLASH_USER_END_ADDR)            //以扇区7的起始地址作为结束地址{//每次写入数据为0x12345678的时候以4字节也就是以字为单位if (FLASH_ProgramWord(uwAddress, 0x12345678) == FLASH_COMPLETE){//每写完一次，地址偏移4个字节uwAddress = uwAddress + 4;}else{ /* Error occurred while writing data in Flash memory，写入失败 User can add here some code to deal with this error */while (1){printf("Program error at addr %8X \r\n",uwAddress);delay_ms(500);}}}/* Lock the Flash to disable the flash control register access ，写入后，锁定FLASH*/FLASH_Lock(); /* Check if the programmed data is OK ,读取FLASH数据并进行校验*//*  MemoryProgramStatus = 0: data programmed correctlyMemoryProgramStatus != 0: number of words not programmed correctly */uwAddress = FLASH_USER_START_ADDR;uwMemoryProgramStatus = 0;while (uwAddress < FLASH_USER_END_ADDR){//指向扇区地址并取指就等同于读取数据！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！uwData32 = *(__IO uint32_t*)uwAddress;//读取到的数据不等于0x12345678的时候，就进行错误的计数if (uwData32 != 0x12345678){uwMemoryProgramStatus++;  }//因为每次读取是4个字节，所以每次地址偏移4个字节uwAddress = uwAddress + 4;//[可选]打印一些调试信息，每偏移1000地址就打印一次数据if(uwAddress % 1000 ==0)printf("%8X \r\n",uwData32);}  /* Check Data correctness ，最后进行数据错误计数输出*/if(uwMemoryProgramStatus){printf("Read check is not correct\r\n");}else{printf("Read check is correct\r\n");  }while(1){}
}

如何知道当前保存数据的数目﹖
方法1:将数据的数目保存到其他扇区或者其他地址。
方法2:当读取到数据为0xFF的时候,就是该区域没有被改写过。

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