一、环境介绍
- （1）版本介绍
- （2）安装
二、实现过程以及功能介绍
- （1）pyqt5模块实现
- （2）selenium模块实现
- （3）图片合并处理
- （4）基类BaseDriver
- （5）集合控制器
- （6）实例·例子
- （7）截图效果![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210305175922697.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NDIxMjI2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)
三、总结与资源
- （1）截图方式总结
- （2）资源下载

一、环境介绍

（1）版本介绍

python版本：3.7
pip版本：20.0.1
pyqt5版本：5.15.3
PIL版本：8.1.1
selenium版本：2.48.0 （推荐使用，3.*版本之后会报错）**开发工具：pycharm**
需要用到的工具：phantomjs.exe、chromedriver.exe

（2）安装

# 不指定版本
pip install pyqt5
pip install pillow
pip install selenium
# 指定安装版本
pip install pyqt5==版本号
pip install pillow==版本号
pip install selenium==2.48.0（推荐使用，3.*版本之后会报错）

二、实现过程以及功能介绍

本人将通过度娘收集到的三种截图方式做了一个简单的集合分装，只需要传入相应的参数即可。

（1）pyqt5模块实现

文件路径：venv1/Screenshot/Driver/MainWindow.py

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
from PIL import Image,ImageGrab
from Screenshot.Driver import BaseDriver,ImageMerge
import tracebackclass MainWindow(QMainWindow, BaseDriver):def __init__(self, parent=None):self.app = QApplication(sys.argv)super(MainWindow, self).__init__()self.setWindowTitle('截图')# self.temp_height = 0self.setWindowFlag(Qt.WindowMinMaxButtonsHint, False) # 禁用最大化，最小化# self.setWindowFlag(Qt.WindowStaysOnTopHint, True) # 窗口顶置self.setWindowFlag(Qt.FramelessWindowHint,True) # 窗口无边框def shotScreen(self):try:print('MainWindow->shotScreen', 'url=' + self.win_url)self.getTempPath(isClean=True)# 创建浏览器实例self.browser = QWebEngineView()self.winId = self.browser.winId()# 加载页面self.browser.load(QUrl(self.win_url))# 设置中心窗口self.setCentralWidget(self.browser)# 设置截图窗口geometry = self.chose_screen()self.setGeometry(geometry)# 页面加载完成后执行 check_page回调res = self.browser.loadFinished.connect(self.check_page)self.show()self.app.exit(self.app.exec_())except:self.checkShotCallback(file=None,error=traceback.format_exc())return self# 获取页面的宽高def get_page_size(self):print('MainWindow->get_page_size')size = self.browser.page().contentsSize()self.set_height = size.height()self.set_width  = size.width()return size.width(), size.height()# 选择桌面窗口def chose_screen(self):print('MainWindow->chose_screen')# 设置窗口的宽度和高度desktop = QApplication.desktop()screen_count = desktop.screenCount()# print('screen_count=',screen_count)for i in range(0, screen_count):rect = desktop.availableGeometry(i)s_width, s_height = rect.width(), rect.height()if (self.win_width and self.win_height):if (s_width >self.win_width and s_height > self.win_height):if(not self.win_x and not self.win_y):self.win_x,self.win_y = rect.left(),rect.top()breakelse:if (not self.win_width or s_width > self.win_width):self.win_width = s_widthif (not self.win_height or s_height > self.win_height):self.win_height = s_heightself.bbox = (self.win_x, self.win_y, self.win_width, self.win_height)return QRect(self.win_x, self.win_y, self.win_width, self.win_height)def check_page(self):print('MainWindow->check_page')# 获取页面的宽度和高度p_width, p_height = self.get_page_size()# 计算页数， 页面高度%窗口高度self.page, self.over_flow_size = divmod(p_height, self.height())print('page='+str(self.page))self.shotPage = 0if(self.page == 0):self.page = 1# 创建截图合并实例self.ssm = ImageMerge.ImageMerge(save_path=self.getSavePath())# 创建定时器self.timer = QTimer(self)# 定时执行 exe_command 回调self.timer.timeout.connect(self.exe_command)# 设置定时间隔，单位：msself.timer.setInterval(2000)# 启动定时器self.timer.start()return self# 执行截图判断def exe_command(self):print('MainWindow->exe_command')if(self.page > 0):# 截图后 滚动页面至下一页self.screen_shot().run_js()else:# 关闭定时器self.timer.stop()if(self.over_flow_size > 0):# 截图self.screen_shot()# 合并所有截图，file_path, new_img = self.ssm.image_merge(filename=self.image_name)# 关闭窗口self.close()self.checkShotCallback(file=file_path, error=None)self.page -= 1self.shotPage += 1return self# 执行js代码def run_js(self):print('MainWindow->run_js')script = """var scroll = function(dHeight){var t = document.documentElement.scrollTop;var h = document.documentElement.scrollHeight;var ch = document.documentElement.clientHeight;dHeight = dHeight || 0;var current = t + dHeight;if(current > h){window.scrollTo(0, ch)}else{window.scrollTo(0, current)}}"""height = self.height()command = script + '\n scroll({})'.format(height)self.browser.page().runJavaScript(command)return self# 截屏def screen_shot(self):print('MainWindow->screen_shot')# 截图保存路径path = self.temp_pathfile_path = str(path.joinpath("{}_{}".format(self.shotPage, self.image_name)))# 创建 截图工具实例im = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=self.bbox)# 保存截图im.save(file_path)self.ssm.add_im(file_path)return self

（2）selenium模块实现

文件路径：venv/Screenshot/Driver/selenium.py

from selenium import webdriver
import Screenshot
import tracebackclass Selenium(Screenshot.Driver.BaseDriver):def __init__(self):print('Selenium->__init__')pass# 通过phantomjs隐式截图def shotScreenByPhantomjs(self):print('Selenium->shotScreenByPhantomjs')picName = '{}/{}'.format(self.getSavePath(), self.image_name)brower = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='E:/wens/CompanyProject/python_reptile/venv1/Screenshot/Tools/phantomjs.exe')if (self.win_width and self.win_height):brower.set_window_size(width=self.win_width, height=self.win_height)else:brower.maximize_window()brower.get(self.win_url)brower.get_screenshot_as_file(picName)brower.close()self.checkShotCallback(file=picName, error=None)return self# 利用谷歌浏览器截图def shotScreenByChrome(self):print('Selenium->shotScreenByChrome')picName = '{}/{}'.format(self.getSavePath(), self.image_name)driver = webdriver.Chrome(r"E:\wens\CompanyProject\python_reptile\venv1\Screenshot\Tools\chromedriver.exe")if (self.win_width and self.win_height):driver.set_window_size(width=self.win_width, height=self.win_height)else:driver.maximize_window()driver.get(self.win_url)driver.get_screenshot_as_file(picName)driver.close()self.checkShotCallback(file=picName,error=None)return selfdef shotScreen(self):try:print('Selenium->shotScreen')Screenshot.switch(self.shot_driver, {Screenshot.Screenshot.sDriver_Chrome: self.shotScreenByChrome,Screenshot.Screenshot.sDriver_Phantomjs: self.shotScreenByPhantomjs,'default': self.shotScreenByPhantomjs})except:self.checkShotCallback(file=None, error=traceback.format_exc())return self

（3）图片合并处理

文件路径：venv/Screenshot/Driver/ImageMerge.py

from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Imageclass ImageMerge():root_path = Nonesave_path = Noneim_list = []def __init__(self, save_path=None):print('ImageMerge->__init__')self.save_path = save_pathself.im_list = []self.get_path()def get_path(self):print('ImageMerge->get_path')self.root_path = Path(__file__).parent.parentif(not self.save_path):self.save_path = self.root_path.joinpath('image/merge')if (not self.save_path.exists()):self.save_path.mkdir(parents=True)return selfdef add_im(self, path):print('ImageMerge.add_im', path)im = Image.open(path)self.im_list.append(im)return selfdef get_new_size(self):print('ImageMerge->get_new_size')max_width = 0total_height = 0# 计算合成后图片的宽高（以最宽的为准）和高度for img in self.im_list:width, height = img.sizeif(width > max_width):max_width = widthtotal_height += heightreturn max_width, total_heightdef image_merge(self, filename):print('ImageMerge->image_merge')file_path = '{}/{}'.format(self.save_path, filename)if(len(self.im_list)>1):max_width, total_height = self.get_new_size()# 产生一张空白图new_img = Image.new('RGB', (max_width - 15, total_height), 255)x = y = 0for img in self.im_list:width, height = img.sizenew_img.paste(img, (x, y))y += heightnew_img.save(file_path)else:obj = self.im_list[0]width, height =  obj.sizeleft, top, right, bottom = 0, 0, width, heightbox = (left, top, right, bottom)region = obj.crop(box)new_img = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), 255)new_img.paste(region, box)new_img.save(file_path)return file_path, new_img

（4）基类BaseDriver

文件路径：venv/Screenshot/Driver/__init__.py

import shutil
from pathlib import Pathclass BaseDriver():win_width = Nonewin_height = Nonewin_url = Noneimage_path = Nonetemp_path = Noneimage_name = Noneshot_driver = Noneshot_callback = Nonewin_x = 0win_y = 0def setWindowPosition(self, x, y):self.win_x = xself.win_y = yreturn selfdef setWindowSize(self, width, height):print('BaseDriver->setWindowSize')self.win_width = widthself.win_height = heightreturn selfdef setSavePath(self, save_path):print('BaseDriver->setSavePath')self.image_path = save_pathreturn selfdef setTempPath(self, temp_path):self.temp_path = temp_pathreturn selfdef url(self, url:str):print('BaseDriver->url')self.win_url = urlreturn selfdef filename(self, filename):print('BaseDriver->filename')self.image_name = filenamereturn selfdef driver(self, driver):print('BaseDriver->driver')self.shot_driver = driverreturn selfdef shotCallback(self, callback):print('BaseDriver->shotCallback')self.shot_callback = callbackreturn selfdef checkShotCallback(self, file=None, error=None):if (self.shot_callback):self.shot_callback({'file': file,'error': error})return selfdef getSavePath(self):print('MainWindow->getSavePath')if (not self.image_path or self.image_path is None):self.image_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent.joinpath('image/merge')if (not self.image_path.exists()):self.image_path.mkdir(parents=True)return self.image_pathdef getTempPath(self, isClean=False):print('MainWindow->getTempPath')if(not self.temp_path or self.temp_path is None):self.temp_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent.joinpath('image/temp')if(not self.temp_path.exists()):self.temp_path.mkdir(parents=True)elif(isClean):shutil.rmtree(self.temp_path)self.temp_path.mkdir(parents=True)return self.temp_pathdef shotScreen(self):print('BaseDriver->shotScreen')return self

（5）集合控制器

文件路径：venv/Screenshot/__init__.py

from Screenshot.Driver import selenium,ImageMerge,BaseDriver,MainWindow
from pathlib import Path
import tracebackclass Screenshot():pModel_QT5 = 1pModel_Selenium = 2sDriver_Phantomjs = 1sDriver_Chrome = 2win_url = ''win_width = Nonewin_height = Nonesave_path = Nonetemp_path = Noneshot_pModel = pModel_Seleniumshot_driver = sDriver_Phantomjsshot_callback = Nonewin_x = 0win_y = 0def __init__(self):print('ScreenShot->__init__')passdef setWindowPosition(self, x, y):self.win_x = xself.win_y = yreturn selfdef url(self, url):print('Screenshot->url')self.win_url = urlreturn selfdef pModel(self, model):print('Screenshot->pmodel')self.shot_pModel = modelreturn selfdef driver(self, driver):print('Screenshot->driver')self.shot_driver = driverreturn  selfdef setWindowSize(self, width , height):print('Screenshot->setWindowSize')self.win_width = widthself.win_height = heightreturn selfdef savePath(self, path):print('Screenshot->savePath')self.save_path = Path(path)if(not self.save_path.exists()):self.save_path.mkdir(parents=True)return selfdef selenium(self):print('Screenshot->selenium')return selenium.Selenium()def pyqt5(self):print('Screenshot->pyqt5')obj = MainWindow.MainWindow()return objdef shotCallback(self, callback):print('Screenshot->shotCallback')self.shot_callback = callbackreturn selfdef getDriver(self):print('Screenshot->getDriver')result = switch(self.shot_pModel, {self.pModel_QT5: self.pyqt5,self.pModel_Selenium: self.selenium,'default': self.selenium})return resultdef save(self, filename):print('Screenshot->save')return self.getDriver()\.setWindowPosition(x=self.win_x, y=self.win_y)\.url(self.win_url)\.driver(self.shot_driver)\.setWindowSize(width=self.win_width, height=self.win_height)\.filename(filename)\.setSavePath(self.getSavePath())\.setTempPath(temp_path=self.getTempPath())\.shotCallback(self.shot_callback)\.shotScreen()def getSavePath(self):print('Screenshot->getSavePath')if(not self.save_path or self.save_path is None):self.save_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('image/merge')if(not self.save_path.exists()):self.save_path.mkdir(parents=True)return self.save_pathdef getTempPath(self):print('Screenshot->getTempPath')path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('image/temp')if(not path.exists()):path.mkdir(parents=True)return pathdef switch(key, options:dict):print('switch')item = options.get(key, options.get('default'));if (hasattr(item, '__call__')):return item()else:return item

（6）实例·例子

文件路径：main.py

from Screenshot import *
from pathlib import Path
url = 'http://blog.sina.com.cn/lm/rank/focusbang//'
save_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('shotScreen')def shotCallback(res):print('file_path',res)
Screenshot()\.setWindowPosition(x=30, y=0)\.url(url).setWindowSize(1000, 800)\.savePath(save_path)\.shotCallback(shotCallback)\.pModel(model=Screenshot.pModel_Selenium)\.driver(driver=Screenshot.sDriver_Phantomjs)\.save(filename='screen.png')

（7）截图效果

三、总结与资源

（1）截图方式总结

以上三总截图方案中只有phantomjs截图是隐式截图，其他两种方式（pyqt5和chrome）截图都是显示截图。

隐式截图：无法看到截图界面，用户在桌面的操作不会影像截图效果；
显示截图：执行过程中，程序会调用浏览器在桌面打开一个浏览器窗口，然后通过截屏实现截图功能；

显示截图中，pyqt5做了智能滚动截图然后合并处理，chrome只是单纯截图网页显示部分。如果网页内容过长，有滚动条的推荐使用隐式截图（phantomjs）和pyqt5方式截图。

（2）资源下载

如需要下载资源参考：python实现网页截图（v1.0.0）.rar

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目录