ArangoDB教程(二)-AQL语句使用,图使用，结合WEB界面端

一.ArangoDB基本单元
1.Collections
Collections相当于传统数据库的表，Collections有两种类型(不要和数据document混淆)
(1)document collection图的节点
(2)edge collection图的边
和document类型相比，多出_from和_to属性，表示两个document之间的联系，换句话说就是:
document collection的两个节点documents,通过edge collection边document来相连。
2.document文档
document 相当于传统数据库每一行数据，JSON格式，并自带3个属性，_key，_id，_rev
比如

{"_key": "2861650", //每个document的唯一标识，用于在collection集合中标识它，如果不设置的话会自动分配"_id": "Characters/2861650", //用于在database数据库中标识文档"_rev": "_V1bzsXa---", //对document的修订版本"name": "Ned","surname": "Stark","alive": true,"age": 41,"traits": ["A","H","C","N","P"]
},

二.AQL语句使用
1.查询document
通过_key获取

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters", "2861650")

通过_id获取

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters/2861650")

获取所有表中所有数据

FOR c IN CharactersRETURN c

条件查询

FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == "Ned"RETURN c
FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == "Ned"RETURN c.age
FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != nullRETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }
FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != nullRETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }

限制查询的条数

FOR c IN CharactersLIMIT 5RETURN c.name

排序
此语句是先对name进行了排序，然后再进行Limit 10

FOR c IN CharactersSORT c.nameLIMIT 10   RETURN c.name

2.插入ducument
单条document数据插入

INSERT {"name": "Robert","surname": "Baratheon","alive": false,"traits": ["A","H","C"]
} INTO Characters

多条document数据插入

LET data = [{ "name": "Robert", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","H","C"] },{ "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["A","F","B"] },{ "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "age": 40, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },{ "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["H","E","F"] },{ "name": "Daenerys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },{ "name": "Jorah", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },{ "name": "Petyr", "surname": "Baelish", "alive": false, "traits": ["E","G","F"] },{ "name": "Viserys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","L","N"] },{ "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },{ "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 13, "traits": ["D","I","J"] },{ "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 11, "traits": ["C","K","L"] },{ "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","K"] },{ "name": "Theon", "surname": "Greyjoy", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["E","R","K"] },{ "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 10, "traits": ["L","J"] },{ "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "age": 19, "traits": ["I","L","O"] },{ "name": "Sandor", "surname": "Clegane", "alive": true, "traits": ["A","P","K","F"] },{ "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["F","K","M","N"] },{ "name": "Khal", "surname": "Drogo", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","C","O","P"] },{ "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","M","H","F"] },{ "name": "Davos", "surname": "Seaworth", "alive": true, "age": 49, "traits": ["C","K","P","F"] },{ "name": "Samwell", "surname": "Tarly", "alive": true, "age": 17, "traits": ["C","L","I"] },{ "name": "Stannis", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["H","O","P","M"] },{ "name": "Melisandre", "alive": true, "traits": ["G","E","H"] },{ "name": "Margaery", "surname": "Tyrell", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","B"] },{ "name": "Jeor", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["C","H","M","P"] },{ "name": "Bronn", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","E","C"] },{ "name": "Varys", "alive": true, "traits": ["M","F","N","E"] },{ "name": "Shae", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","G"] },{ "name": "Talisa", "surname": "Maegyr", "alive": false, "traits": ["D","C","B"] },{ "name": "Gendry", "alive": false, "traits": ["K","C","A"] },{ "name": "Ygritte", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","P","K"] },{ "name": "Tormund", "surname": "Giantsbane", "alive": true, "traits": ["C","P","A","I"] },{ "name": "Gilly", "alive": true, "traits": ["L","J"] },{ "name": "Brienne", "surname": "Tarth", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["P","C","A","K"] },{ "name": "Ramsay", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["E","O","G","A"] },{ "name": "Ellaria", "surname": "Sand", "alive": true, "traits": ["P","O","A","E"] },{ "name": "Daario", "surname": "Naharis", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","P","A"] },{ "name": "Missandei", "alive": true, "traits": ["D","L","C","M"] },{ "name": "Tommen", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": true, "traits": ["I","L","B"] },{ "name": "Jaqen", "surname": "H'ghar", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","F","K"] },{ "name": "Roose", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","E","F","A"] },{ "name": "The High Sparrow", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","M","F","O"] }
]FOR d IN dataINSERT d INTO Characters

3.更新和替换document
更新，根据_key

UPDATE "2861650" WITH { alive: false } IN Characters

替换

REPLACE "2861650" WITH {name: "Ned",surname: "Stark",alive: false,age: 41,traits: ["A","H","C","N","P"]
} IN Characters

新增属性

FOR c IN CharactersUPDATE c WITH { season: 1 } IN Characters

4.删除document
单条删除

REMOVE "2861650" IN Characters

批量删除

FOR c IN CharactersREMOVE c IN Characters

5.MERGE()，collection之间的document关联
假如现在让Characters的traits字段和Traits中的数据相关联
创建collection集合 Traits
然后再导入数据

LET data =[{ "_key": "A", "en": "strong", "de": "stark" },{ "_key": "B", "en": "polite", "de": "freundlich" },{ "_key": "C", "en": "loyal", "de": "loyal" },{ "_key": "D", "en": "beautiful", "de": "schön" },{ "_key": "E", "en": "sneaky", "de": "hinterlistig" },{ "_key": "F", "en": "experienced", "de": "erfahren" },{ "_key": "G", "en": "corrupt", "de": "korrupt" },{ "_key": "H", "en": "powerful", "de": "einflussreich" },{ "_key": "I", "en": "naive", "de": "naiv" },{ "_key": "J", "en": "unmarried", "de": "unverheiratet" },{ "_key": "K", "en": "skillful", "de": "geschickt" },{ "_key": "L", "en": "young", "de": "jung" },{ "_key": "M", "en": "smart", "de": "klug" },{ "_key": "N", "en": "rational", "de": "rational" },{ "_key": "O", "en": "ruthless", "de": "skrupellos" },{ "_key": "P", "en": "brave", "de": "mutig" },{ "_key": "Q", "en": "mighty", "de": "mächtig" },{ "_key": "R", "en": "weak", "de": "schwach" }
]for d in dataINSERT d INTO Traits

只关注traits字段和只拿en关联

FOR c IN CharactersRETURN MERGE(c, { traits: DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en })

结果

{"_id": "Characters/7839","_key": "7839","_rev": "_YFmCBwS--_","alive": false,"name": "Robert","surname": "Baratheon","traits": ["strong","powerful","loyal"]}

traits字段和en，de关联

FOR c IN CharactersRETURN MERGE(c, { traits: (for t in DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits) RETURN {en:t.en,de:t.de})} )

结果

{"_id": "Characters/7839","_key": "7839","_rev": "_YFmCBwS--_","alive": false,"name": "Robert","surname": "Baratheon","traits": [{"en": "strong","de": "stark"},{"en": "powerful","de": "einflussreich"},{"en": "loyal","de": "loyal"}]
}

6.图的建立
比如父母和孩子之间有以下关系:

首先创建ChildOf的新集合，集合类型为Edge document
Edge的_from和_to的内容必须为document的_id,运行一下代码，生成图关系

LET data = [{"parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },"child": { "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },"child": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },"child": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },"child": { "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" },"child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }}, {"parent": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" },"child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }}
]FOR rel in dataLET parentId = FIRST(FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == rel.parent.nameFILTER c.surname == rel.parent.surnameLIMIT 1RETURN c._id)LET childId = FIRST(FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == rel.child.nameFILTER c.surname == rel.child.surnameLIMIT 1RETURN c._id)FILTER parentId != null AND childId != null//顶点和边相连INSERT { _from: childId, _to: parentId } INTO ChildOfRETURN NEW

FIRST()从数据中取第一个元素
NEW/OLD，NEW表示更改后的document,OLD表示更改之前的document

我们完成了关系的建立，尝试从关系中获取数据
查看关系图

FOR c IN ChildOfRETURN c

但发现关系图的顶点都是用id表示，不易看清楚，可以使用以下语句查看

FOR c IN ChildOf//CONCAT(c._from,DOCUMENT(c._from).name)RETURN {_key:c._key,_id:c._id,_from:DOCUMENT(c._from).name,_to:DOCUMENT(c._to).name,_rev:c._rev}

对图的使用
从孩子找父母

FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == "Bran"//1..1分别表示最小最大遍历深度，OUTBOUND表示沿着边的方向，INBOUND表示反方向FOR v IN 1..1 OUTBOUND c ChildOfRETURN v.name

从父母找孩子

FOR c IN CharactersFILTER c.name == "Ned"FOR v IN 1..1 INBOUND c ChildOfRETURN v.name

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