HTTP 协议可以说是现在 Internet 上使用得最多的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。
而HttpClient就是一个基于HTTP协议的RPC，HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,它的目的在于发送、接受 HTTP 信息。
一、环境

在pom.xml中引入HttpClient的依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.1</version>
</dependency>
引入此依赖的目的是，会用到“将对象转化为json字符串的功能
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>

public class User {private String name;private Integer age;private String sex;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public String getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]";}
}

详细使用例子如下

一、GET无参
发送端

 public static void sendGetOne() {//获取http客户端CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();//创建httpGet请求HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/httpclient_service/test1.action");//响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {//由客户端发送Get请求response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);//从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态：" + response.getStatusLine());if(responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度："+responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}}catch(Exception e) {}finally {try {if(httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if(response != null) {response.close();}}catch(Exception e) {}}}

接收端

@RequestMapping("/test1")
@ResponseBody
public User test1() {User user = new User("张三",18,"男");return user;
}

返回结果

响应状态为：HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度为：-1
响应内容为:{"name":"张三","age":18,"sex":"男"}

二、GET有参拼接URL
发送端

public static void doGetTestWayOne() {// 获得Http客户端CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();// URL参数StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();try {params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("李四", "utf-8"));params.append("&");params.append("age=24");params.append("&");params.append("sex=女");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}// 创建httpGet请求HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/httpclient_service/test2.action" + "?" + params);// 响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 配置信息RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒).setConnectTimeout(3000)// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒).setConnectionRequestTimeout(3000)// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒).setSocketTimeout(3000)// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true).setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();// 将上面的配置信息 注入到Get请求里httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);// 由客户端执行Get请求response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

接收端

@RequestMapping("/test2")
@ResponseBody
public User test2(String name,Integer age,String sex) {User user = new User(name,age,sex);return user;
}

返回结果

响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度为:-1
响应内容为:{"name":"李四","age":24,"sex":"女"}

三、GET有参使用URI获得HttpGetL
发送端

public static void doGetTestWayTwo() {//获取http客户端CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();//参数URI uri = null;try {//将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中，在放入集合中List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name","王麻子"));params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "35"));params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sex", "男"));//设置uri信息，并将参数集合放入uri;//注：这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key,String value)uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(8080).setPath("/httpclient_service/test2.action").setParameters(params).build();}catch(Exception e) {}//创建git请求HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);//响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {//配置信息RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒).setConnectTimeout(5000)// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒).setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒).setSocketTimeout(5000)// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true).setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}}catch(Exception e) {}finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}

接收端

@RequestMapping("/test2")
@ResponseBody
public User test2(String name,Integer age,String sex) {User user = new User(name,age,sex);return user;
}

返回结果

响应状态:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度:-1
响应内容:{"name":"王麻子","age":35,"sex":"男"}

四、POST无参
发送端

public static void doPostTestOne() {// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();// 创建Post请求HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/httpclient_service/test3.action");// 响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

接收端

@RequestMapping(value ="/test3",method = RequestMethod.POST)public String test3() {return "这个post请求没有任何参数";}

返回结果

响应状态:HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
响应内容长度:1098
响应内容:<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Apache Tomcat/8.0.9 - Error report</title><style type="text/css">H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} H2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} H3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} B {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} P {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;}A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}.line {height: 1px; background-color: #525D76; border: none;}</style> </head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 - /httpclient_service/这个post请求没有任何参数</h1><div class="line"></div><p><b>type</b> Status report</p><p><b>message</b> <u>/httpclient_service/这个post请求没有任何参数</u></p><p><b>description</b> <u>The requested resource is not available.</u></p><hr class="line"><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.0.9</h3></body></html>

五、POST有参(普通参数)
发送端

public static void doPostTestFour() {// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();// 参数StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();try {// 字符数据最好encoding以下;params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("李斯特", "utf-8"));params.append("&");params.append("age=55");params.append("&");params.append("sex=男");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}// 创建Post请求HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/httpclient_service/test4.action" + "?" + params);// 设置ContentType(注:如果只是传普通参数的话,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");// 响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

接收端

@RequestMapping(value ="/test4",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public User test4(String name,Integer age,String sex) {User user = new User(name,age,sex);return user;
}

返回结果

响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度为:-1
响应内容为:{"name":"李斯特","age":55,"sex":"男"}

六、POST有参(对象参数)
发送端

public static void doPostTestTwo() {// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();// 创建Post请求HttpPost httpPost = new  HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/httpclient_service/test5.action");User user = new User();user.setName("潘晓婷");user.setAge(18);user.setSex("女");// 我这里利用阿里的fastjson，将Object转换为json字符串;// (需要导入com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON包)String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);System.out.println("jsonString："+jsonString);StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中httpPost.setEntity(entity);httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");// 响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

接收端

@RequestMapping(value ="/test5",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public User test5(@RequestBody User user) {return user;
}

返回结果

jsonString：{"age":18,"name":"潘晓婷","sex":"女"}响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度为:-1
响应内容为:{"name":"潘晓婷","age":18,"sex":"女"}

七、POST有参(对象参数+普通参数)
发送端

public static void doPostTestThree() {// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();// 创建Post请求// 参数URI uri = null;try {// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("flag", "4"));params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("meaning", "这是什么鬼？"));// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(8080).setPath("/httpclient_service/test6.action").setParameters(params).build();} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);// HttpPost httpPost = new// HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerThree1");// 创建user参数User user = new User();user.setName("潘晓婷");user.setAge(18);user.setSex("女");// 将user对象转换为json字符串，并放入entity中StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(user), "UTF-8");// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中httpPost.setEntity(entity);httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");// 响应模型CloseableHttpResponse response = null;try {// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());if (responseEntity != null) {System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 释放资源if (httpClient != null) {httpClient.close();}if (response != null) {response.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}
}

接收端

@RequestMapping(value ="/test6",method = RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublic User test6(@RequestBody User user,Integer flag,String meaning) {user.setName(user.getName() +meaning +flag );return user;}

返回结果

响应状态为:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应内容长度为:-1
响应内容为:{"name":"潘晓婷这是什么鬼？4","age":18,"sex":"女"}

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