1. 内核二分缺陷_缺陷跟踪

1.1 二分缺陷

# 利用git log 查看提交的历史记录
root@mouse:~/linux# git log --oneline
56e337f2cf13 (HEAD -> test, origin/master, origin/HEAD, master_base, master) Revert "gpio: Revert regression in sysfs-gpio (gpiolib.c)"
6665ca15746d Merge tag 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mst/vhost
09688c0166e7 (tag: v5.17-rc8) Linux 5.17-rc8
f0e18b03fcaf Merge tag 'x86_urgent_for_v5.17_rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
aad611a868d1 Merge tag 'perf-tools-fixes-for-v5.17-2022-03-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux
1518a4f636b3 Merge tag 'drm-fixes-2022-03-12' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm
91c9923a473a perf parse: Fix event parser error for hybrid systems
073a15c3512f perf bench: Fix NULL check against wrong variable
a7a72631f624 perf parse-events: Fix NULL check against wrong variable
ec9d50ace399 tools headers cpufeatures: Sync with the kernel sources
#  git bisect start [终点] [起点]
root@mouse:~/linux# git bisect  start  56e337f2cf13 6c7cb60bff7a
Bisecting: 12 revisions left to test after this (roughly 4 steps)
[91c9923a473a694eb1c5c01ab778a77114969707] perf parse: Fix event parser error for hybrid systems
# 利用git log 再次查看 可以看见第一条变为91c9923a473a
root@mouse:~/linux# git log --oneline
91c9923a473a (HEAD) perf parse: Fix event parser error for hybrid systems
073a15c3512f perf bench: Fix NULL check against wrong variable
a7a72631f624 perf parse-events: Fix NULL check against wrong variable
ec9d50ace399 tools headers cpufeatures: Sync with the kernel sources
3ec94eeaff9a tools kvm headers arm64: Update KVM headers from the kernel sources
68453767131a ARM: Spectre-BHB: provide empty stub for non-config
77fe1ba90241 Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.17-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
878409ecde7c Merge tag 'powerpc-5.17-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
6c7cb60bff7a (refs/bisect/good-6c7cb60bff7aec24b834343ff433125f469886a3) ARM: fix Thumb2 regression with Spectre BHB
3977a3fb6770 Merge tag 'mmc-v5.17-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc
93ce93587d36 Merge branch 'davidh' (fixes from David Howells)
413a4a6b0b55 cachefiles: Fix volume coherency attribute
173ce1ca47c4 afs: Fix potential thrashing in afs writeback
4edc0760412b watch_queue: Make comment about setting ->defunct more accurate
2ed147f015af watch_queue: Fix lack of barrier/sync/lock between post and read
7ea1a0124b6d watch_queue: Free the alloc bitmap when the watch_queue is torn down
3b4c0371928c watch_queue: Fix the alloc bitmap size to reflect notes allocated
a66bd7575b5f watch_queue: Use the bitmap API when applicable
96a4d8912b28 watch_queue: Fix to always request a pow-of-2 pipe ring size
c1853fbadcba watch_queue: Fix to release page in ->release()
db8facfc9faf watch_queue, pipe: Free watchqueue state after clearing pipe ring
c993ee0f9f81 watch_queue: Fix filter limit check
# git bisect  bad   该历史钱是不工作的
root@mouse:~/linux# git bisect  bad
Bisecting: 5 revisions left to test after this (roughly 3 steps)
[77fe1ba90241c2af6f14d53988bf0cd6b9586699] Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.17-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux# 利用git log 再次查看 可以看见第一条变为77fe1ba90241  可以看出是往后面二分查找的
root@mouse:~/linux# git log --oneline
77fe1ba90241 (HEAD) Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.17-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
878409ecde7c Merge tag 'powerpc-5.17-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
6c7cb60bff7a (refs/bisect/good-6c7cb60bff7aec24b834343ff433125f469886a3) ARM: fix Thumb2 regression with Spectre BHB
3977a3fb6770 Merge tag 'mmc-v5.17-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc
93ce93587d36 Merge branch 'davidh' (fixes from David Howells)
413a4a6b0b55 cachefiles: Fix volume coherency attribute
173ce1ca47c4 afs: Fix potential thrashing in afs writeback
4edc0760412b watch_queue: Make comment about setting ->defunct more accurate
2ed147f015af watch_queue: Fix lack of barrier/sync/lock between post and read
7ea1a0124b6d watch_queue: Free the alloc bitmap when the watch_queue is torn down
3b4c0371928c watch_queue: Fix the alloc bitmap size to reflect notes allocated
a66bd7575b5f watch_queue: Use the bitmap API when applicable
96a4d8912b28 watch_queue: Fix to always request a pow-of-2 pipe ring size
c1853fbadcba watch_queue: Fix to release page in ->release()
db8facfc9faf watch_queue, pipe: Free watchqueue state after clearing pipe ring
c993ee0f9f81 watch_queue: Fix filter limit check
79b00034e9dc Merge tag 'drm-fixes-2022-03-11' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/d# git bisect  good  说明是正常的往前面找
root@mouse:~/linux# git bisect  good
Bisecting: 2 revisions left to test after this (roughly 2 steps)
[ec9d50ace39925f7fd0302bf0fad640e2c9826ea] tools headers cpufeatures: Sync with the kernel sources# 利用git log 再次查看 可以看见第一条变为 ec9d50ace399 这样就完成了二分缺陷的查找
root@mouse:~/linux# git log --oneline
ec9d50ace399 (HEAD) tools headers cpufeatures: Sync with the kernel sources
3ec94eeaff9a tools kvm headers arm64: Update KVM headers from the kernel sources
68453767131a ARM: Spectre-BHB: provide empty stub for non-config
77fe1ba90241 (refs/bisect/good-77fe1ba90241c2af6f14d53988bf0cd6b9586699) Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.17-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux
878409ecde7c Merge tag 'powerpc-5.17-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
6c7cb60bff7a (refs/bisect/good-6c7cb60bff7aec24b834343ff433125f469886a3) ARM: fix Thumb2 regression with Spectre BHB
3977a3fb6770 Merge tag 'mmc-v5.17-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc
93ce93587d36 Merge branch 'davidh' (fixes from David Howells)
413a4a6b0b55 cachefiles: Fix volume coherency attribute
173ce1ca47c4 afs: Fix potential thrashing in afs writeback
4edc0760412b watch_queue: Make comment about setting ->defunct more accurate
2ed147f015af watch_queue: Fix lack of barrier/sync/lock between post and read
7ea1a0124b6d watch_queue: Free the alloc bitmap when the watch_queue is torn down
3b4c0371928c watch_queue: Fix the alloc bitmap size to reflect notes allocated
a66bd7575b5f watch_queue: Use the bitmap API when applicable
96a4d8912b28 watch_queue: Fix to always request a pow-of-2 pipe ring size
c1853fbadcba watch_queue: Fix to release page in ->release()
db8facfc9faf watch_queue, pipe: Free watchqueue state after clearing pipe ring
c993ee0f9f81 watch_queue: Fix filter limit check
79b00034e9dc Merge tag 'drm-fixes-2022-03-11' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm

1.2 缺陷跟踪

#   dmesg 打印内核信息 root@mouse:~/linux# dmesg
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0-92-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-016) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04)) #103-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 26 16:13:00 UTC 2021 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-92.103-generic 5.4.157)
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-92-generic root=UUID=3d5af7aa-dd5c-4ed3-b38a-e74236d4d773 ro vga=792 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 net.ifnames=0 noibrs nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 nvme_core.admin_timeout=4294967295 quiet# 根据终端故障  利用gdb调试  假设终端输出故障   EIP is at vt_ioctl+0xda8/0x1482
root@mouse:~/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6# gdb vmlinux
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from vmlinux...
(gdb)  l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
0xffffffff814f36d8 is in vt_ioctl (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:401).
396                      * If the time is zero, turn off sound ourselves.
397                      */
398                     ticks = msecs_to_jiffies((arg >> 16) & 0xffff);
399                     count = ticks ? (arg & 0xffff) : 0;
400                     if (count)
401                             count = PIT_TICK_RATE / count;
402                     kd_mksound(count, ticks);
403                     break;
404             }
405# 可以查看.o文件内容
root@mouse:~/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6# gdb drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.o
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.o...
(gdb)  l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
0x1338 is in vt_ioctl (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:401).
396                      * If the time is zero, turn off sound ourselves.
397                      */
398                     ticks = msecs_to_jiffies((arg >> 16) & 0xffff);
399                     count = ticks ? (arg & 0xffff) : 0;
400                     if (count)
401                             count = PIT_TICK_RATE / count;
402                     kd_mksound(count, ticks);
403                     break;
404             }
405
# 也可以查看ko文件内容
root@mouse:~/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6# gdb ./net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.ko
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.2
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.ko...
(gdb) b
Display all 200 possibilities? (y or n)
(gdb) l
1       #include <linux/module.h>
2       #define INCLUDE_VERMAGIC
3       #include <linux/build-salt.h>
4       #include <linux/vermagic.h>
5       #include <linux/compiler.h>
6
7       BUILD_SALT;
8
9       MODULE_INFO(vermagic, VERMAGIC_STRING);
10      MODULE_INFO(name, KBUILD_MODNAME);
(gdb)# 对.ko文件执行反汇编
objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/dccp/ipv4.o
root@mouse:~/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6# objdump -r -S -l --disassemble ./net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_arp.ko./net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_arp.ko:     file format elf64-x86-64Disassembly of section .text:0000000000000000 <nf_log_arp_net_exit>:
nf_log_arp_net_exit():
/root/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_arp.c:116return nf_log_set(net, NFPROTO_ARP, &nf_arp_logger);
}static void __net_exit nf_log_arp_net_exit(struct net *net)-r, --reloc              Display the relocation entries in the file
-S, --source             Intermix source code with disassembly
-d, --disassemble        Display assembler contents of executable sections
-l, --line-numbers             Include line numbers and filenames in output# 上报故障 报告给用于开发相关代码的邮件列表（linux-media
ML）
root@mouse:~/x86linux/hx86/linux-5.8.6# ./scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_log_arp.c
Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> (maintainer:NETFILTER)
Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@netfilter.org> (maintainer:NETFILTER)
Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> (maintainer:NETFILTER)
"David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> (maintainer:NETWORKING [IPv4/IPv6])
Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru> (maintainer:NETWORKING [IPv4/IPv6])
Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org> (maintainer:NETWORKING [IPv4/IPv6])
Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> (maintainer:NETWORKING [GENERAL])
netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org (open list:NETFILTER)
coreteam@netfilter.org (open list:NETFILTER)
netdev@vger.kernel.org (open list:NETWORKING [IPv4/IPv6])
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org (open list)

 
调试.o文件、ko文件以及反汇编，针对某个故障进行分析。

 

更多详细得解读可以参考 2.1 技术参考
 

2. 总结

  • 利用git bisect进行源码缺陷定位
  • 利用gdb、objdump 修复源码
  • 利用./scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f [修复文件]    获取邮件列表并上报缺陷
     
     
    进入linux大门可以看哈这个视屏：https://ke.qq.com/course/417774?flowToken=1042383
    学习还是得靠自己。❤️

2.1 技术参考

参考链接1：http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2018/12/git-bisect.html
参考链接2：https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/bug-hunting.html

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