MySQL的主从复制

点击前往查看MySQL的安装

1、主库操作

vim /etc/my.cnf

添加如下配置

log-bin=mysql-bin #[必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=128     #[必须]服务器唯一id

保存后重启MySQL

systemctl restart mysqld
mysql -uroot -pczx123
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'czx'@'%' identified by 'root@czx123';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      740 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

主节点别操作，从库slave进行配置

如果grant添加用户报错ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，执行下面两个命令即可再添加即可

mysql >  set global validate_password_policy=LOW; #设置密码复杂度为低
mysql > set global validate_password_length=4; #密码长度为4

2、从库操作

注意这是另一台子节点的虚拟机的操作

vim /etc/my.cnf

添加如下配置并保存。

server-id=129     #[必须]服务器唯一id

保存成功厚要重启MySQL

systemctl restart mysqld
mysql -uroot -pczx123
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.64.128',master_user='czx',master_password='root@czx123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=740;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.09 sec)
# 其中master_host为主库IP地址，master_log_file和master_log_pos为主库执行“show master status;”查找到的
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status;
+----------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
| Slave_IO_State | Master_Host    | Master_User | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File  | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File             | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error                                                                                                                                          | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID | Master_Info_File           | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State                                | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version |
+----------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
|                | 192.168.64.128 | czx         |        3306 |            60 | mysql-bin.000001 |                 740 | localhost-relay-bin.000001 |             4 | mysql-bin.000001      | No               | Yes               |                 |                     |                    |                        |                         |                             |          0 |            |            0 |                 740 |             154 | None            |                |             0 | No                 |                    |                    |                 |                   |                |                  NULL | No                            |          1593 | Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. |              0 |                |                             |              128 |             | /var/lib/mysql/master.info |         0 |                NULL | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates |              86400 |             | 220527 02:15:23         |                          |                |                    |                    |                   |             0 |                      |              |                    |
+----------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 虽然显示很多，可以将结果复制到文本编辑器上查看从数据库的状态

在编辑器查找发现从库备份数据失败，原因就是两个虚拟机是克隆的，所以MySQL的uuid一样，更改从库的uuid即可

mysql> select uuid();#生成新的uuid
+--------------------------------------+
| uuid()                               |
+--------------------------------------+
| bb3980df-dd25-11ec-b3e4-000c297e18d4 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'datadir';# 查找auto.cnf配置文件所在目录
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir       | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>exit;vim  /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf

修改uuid为新生成的uuid

[auto]
server-uuid=bb3980df-dd25-11ec-b3e4-000c297e18d4

保存后重启从库的MySQL

systemctl restart mysqld
mysql -uroot -pczx123
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status;
+----------------------------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
| Slave_IO_State                   | Master_Host    | Master_User | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File  | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File             | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID                          | Master_Info_File           | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State                                | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version |
+----------------------------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
| Waiting for master to send event | 192.168.64.128 | czx         |        3306 |            60 | mysql-bin.000002 |                 154 | localhost-relay-bin.000004 |           320 | mysql-bin.000002      | Yes              | Yes               |                 |                     |                    |                        |                         |                             |          0 |            |            0 |                 154 |             531 | None            |                |             0 | No                 |                    |                    |                 |                   |                |                     0 | No                            |             0 |               |              0 |                |                             |              128 | 29ca9845-d5a7-11ec-9de0-000c29f65e07 | /var/lib/mysql/master.info |         0 |                NULL | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates |              86400 |             |                         |                          |                |                    |                    |                   |             0 |                      |              |                    |
+----------------------------------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

发现两个都是yes即启动成功，后续可以继续添加MySQL的从库，操作如同第二个从库一样

3、验证是否配置好

使用navicat链接两个配置好的库，在主库新建数据库，刷新一下从库，看是否生成主库新建的数据库。若有则主从配置好。
如果出现10060或1045错误，请查看：navicat连接服务器的MySQL的10060和1045错误_czxboys的博客-CSDN博客

4、SpringBoot的MySQL读写分离配置

4.1 导入依赖

pom.xml引入shardingsphere依赖

 <!--MySql读写分离引入依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId><artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>4.0.0-RC1</version></dependency>

4.2 添加配置

在application.yml添加MySQL的主从库信息，从库可以多个，这里以一主一从为例。

spring:shardingsphere:datasource:names:master,slave# 主数据源master:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://192.168.64.128:3306/reggie?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaiusername: rootpassword: czx123# 从数据源slave:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://192.168.64.129:3306/reggie?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaiusername: rootpassword: czx123masterslave:# 读写分离配置load-balance-algorithm-type: round_robin #轮询# 最终的数据源名称name: dataSource# 主库数据源名称master-data-source-name: master# 从库数据源名称列表，多个逗号分隔slave-data-source-names: slave

添加完重启项目即配置完MySQL主从数据库的读写分离

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