在.net 当中如何XML序列化一个Collection

Collection主要是指像Array, ArrayList, List, Dictionary, HashTable这些数据类型，大家平时用的很多。如果一个类中有一个Collection类型的成员，在对这个类进行XML序列化的时候，应该如何处理？应该说在.net当中这是比较简单的，只要建立一个XmlSerializer类就可以帮你自动搞定，不过有的时候你可能需要对自动的序列化过程施加更多的控制，比如XML的结构是实现固定的，你必须按照要求去生成XML结构。

使用不同的属性可以灵活的控制生成的XML，这里我就不多介绍了，主要讲一下如何序列化比较复杂的Collection结构。下面的方法，对于所有实现了IEnumerable接口的Collection都有效。

我使用MSDN中的例子，不过没有使用数组或者ArrayList，而是使用了比较高级的数据类型List<T>，希望在讲解如何序列化XML的同时给使用List<T>的同学提供点参考。

序列化一个List<T>

下面的代码示范了如何序列化一个List<T>，实际上和序列化其它类一样，把这个类扔给Serialize（）函数即可。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Xml.Serialization;

using System.IO;

namespace SerializeCollection

    class Program

        static void Main(string[] args)

            Program test = new Program();

            test.SerializeDocument("e:\\books.xml");

        public void SerializeDocument(string filename)

            // Creates a new XmlSerializer.

            XmlSerializer s =

            new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyRootClass));

            // Writing the file requires a StreamWriter.

            TextWriter myWriter = new StreamWriter(filename);

            // Creates an instance of the class to serialize.

            MyRootClass myRootClass = new MyRootClass();

            //create items

            Item item1 = new Item();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            item1.ItemName = "Widget1";

            item1.ItemCode = "w1";

            item1.ItemPrice = 231;

            item1.ItemQuantity = 3;

            Item item2 = new Item();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            item2.ItemName = "Widget2";

            item2.ItemCode = "w2";

            item2.ItemPrice = 800;

            item2.ItemQuantity = 2;

            // Sets the class's Items property to the list.

            myRootClass.Items.Add(item1);

            myRootClass.Items.Add(item2);

            /* Serializes the class, writes it to disk, and closes

               the TextWriter. */

            s.Serialize(myWriter, myRootClass);

            myWriter.Close();

    // This is the class that will be serialized.

    [Serializable]

    public class MyRootClass

        public MyRootClass()

            items = new List<Item>();

        private List<Item> items;

        public List<Item> Items

            get { return items; }

            set { items = value; }

    public class Item

        [XmlElement(ElementName = "OrderItem")]

        public string ItemName;

        public string ItemCode;

        public decimal ItemPrice;

        public int ItemQuantity;

最后序列化成的XML：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<MyRootClass xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

  <Items>

    <Item>

      <OrderItem>Widget1</OrderItem>

      <ItemCode>w1</ItemCode>

      <ItemPrice>231</ItemPrice>

      <ItemQuantity>3</ItemQuantity>

    </Item>

    <Item>

      <OrderItem>Widget2</OrderItem>

      <ItemCode>w2</ItemCode>

      <ItemPrice>800</ItemPrice>

      <ItemQuantity>2</ItemQuantity>

    </Item>

  </Items>

</MyRootClass>

如果这个List<T>中的成员的类还有继承关系

现在把情况变得复杂一点，因为多态，List<T>中的类可能是指定类型的子类型，这个时候会出现什么情况呢？

我们增加一个BookItem类，继承自Item 类。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Xml.Serialization;

using System.IO;

namespace SerializeCollection

    class Program

        static void Main(string[] args)

            Program test = new Program();

            test.SerializeDocument("e:\\books.xml");

        public void SerializeDocument(string filename)

            // Creates a new XmlSerializer.

            XmlSerializer s =

            new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyRootClass));

            // Writing the file requires a StreamWriter.

            TextWriter myWriter = new StreamWriter(filename);

            // Creates an instance of the class to serialize.

            MyRootClass myRootClass = new MyRootClass();

            /* Uses a more advanced method of creating an list:

         create instances of the Item and BookItem, where BookItem

         is derived from Item. */

            Item item1 = new Item();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            item1.ItemName = "Widget1";

            item1.ItemCode = "w1";

            item1.ItemPrice = 231;

            item1.ItemQuantity = 3;

            BookItem bookItem = new BookItem();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            bookItem.ItemCode = "w2";

            bookItem.ItemPrice = 123;

            bookItem.ItemQuantity = 7;

            bookItem.ISBN = "34982333";

            bookItem.Title = "Book of Widgets";

            bookItem.Author = "John Smith";

            // Sets the class's Items property to the list.

            myRootClass.Items.Add(item1);

            myRootClass.Items.Add(bookItem);

            /* Serializes the class, writes it to disk, and closes

               the TextWriter. */

            s.Serialize(myWriter, myRootClass);

            myWriter.Close();

    // This is the class that will be serialized.

    [Serializable]

    public class MyRootClass

        public MyRootClass()

            items = new List<Item>();

        private List<Item> items;

        public List<Item> Items

            get { return items; }

            set { items = value; }

    public class Item

        [XmlElement(ElementName = "OrderItem")]

        public string ItemName;

        public string ItemCode;

        public decimal ItemPrice;

        public int ItemQuantity;

修改代码后，我们再运行，出现如下错误“不应是类型 SerializeCollection.BookItem。使用 XmlInclude 或 SoapInclude 属性静态指定非已知的类型”，看来是系统在做序列化的时候，搞不清楚List中的成员到底是什么类型。这个时候就要使用XmlArrayItem来帮忙了。MyRootClass类的Item成员前加入XmlArrayItem标志。

[XmlArrayItem(ElementName= "Item",

   IsNullable=true,

   Type = typeof(Item),

   Namespace = "http://www.aboutdnn.com"),

   XmlArrayItem(ElementName = "BookItem",

   IsNullable = true,

   Type = typeof(BookItem),

   Namespace = http://www.aboutdnn.com)]

修改后的代码如下：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Xml.Serialization;

using System.IO;

namespace SerializeCollection

    class Program

        static void Main(string[] args)

            Program test = new Program();

            test.SerializeDocument("e:\\books.xml");

        public void SerializeDocument(string filename)

            // Creates a new XmlSerializer.

            XmlSerializer s =

            new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyRootClass));

            // Writing the file requires a StreamWriter.

            TextWriter myWriter = new StreamWriter(filename);

            // Creates an instance of the class to serialize.

            MyRootClass myRootClass = new MyRootClass();

            /* Uses a more advanced method of creating an list:

         create instances of the Item and BookItem, where BookItem

         is derived from Item. */

            Item item1 = new Item();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            item1.ItemName = "Widget1";

            item1.ItemCode = "w1";

            item1.ItemPrice = 231;

            item1.ItemQuantity = 3;

            BookItem bookItem = new BookItem();

            // Sets the objects' properties.

            bookItem.ItemCode = "w2";

            bookItem.ItemPrice = 123;

            bookItem.ItemQuantity = 7;

            bookItem.ISBN = "34982333";

            bookItem.Title = "Book of Widgets";

            bookItem.Author = "John Smith";

            // Sets the class's Items property to the list.

            myRootClass.Items.Add(item1);

            myRootClass.Items.Add(bookItem);

            /* Serializes the class, writes it to disk, and closes

               the TextWriter. */

            s.Serialize(myWriter, myRootClass);

            myWriter.Close();

    // This is the class that will be serialized.

    [Serializable]

    public class MyRootClass

        public MyRootClass()

            items = new List<Item>();

        private List<Item> items;

        public List<Item> Items

            get { return items; }

            set { items = value; }

    public class Item

        [XmlElement(ElementName = "OrderItem")]

        public string ItemName;

        public string ItemCode;

        public decimal ItemPrice;

        public int ItemQuantity;

    public class BookItem : Item

        public string Title;

        public string Author;

        public string ISBN;

序列化后的XML如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<MyRootClass xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><Items><Item xmlns="http://www.aboutdnn.com"><OrderItem>Widget1</OrderItem><ItemCode>w1</ItemCode><ItemPrice>231</ItemPrice><ItemQuantity>3</ItemQuantity></Item><BookItem xmlns="http://www.aboutdnn.com"><ItemCode>w2</ItemCode><ItemPrice>123</ItemPrice><ItemQuantity>7</ItemQuantity><Title>Book of Widgets</Title><Author>John Smith</Author><ISBN>34982333</ISBN></BookItem></Items>
</MyRootClass>

可以看到，已经根据不同的数据类型，序列化为不同名字的节点。这个时候，如果你还想修改XML中<Items>节点的名字或者添加属性，XmlArrayAttribute可以帮你的忙，这个你可以自己试试。

参考文档：

XmlArrayAttribute Class：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.xml.serialization.xmlarrayattribute.aspx

对于所有控制XML序列化的Attributes，请参考这里：Attributes That Control XML Serialization

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/DotNetNuke/archive/2010/03/07/1680267.html