Python编程从入门到实践——外星人入侵代码

学习python的新人一枚，在学习的过程中遇到了很多问题，最后通过在CSDN等网站上查阅资料等都慢慢解决了，写一个帖子，一方面是记录自己的代码，另一方面和大家分享一下。

alien.py

alien_invasion.py

bullet.py

button.py

game_functions.py

game_stats.py

scoreboard.py

settings.py

ship.py

#alien.py
#
#  Copyright 2021 import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):#初始化外星人并设置其起始位置super(Alien,self).__init__()self.screen=screenself.ai_settings=ai_settings#加载外星人图像self.image=pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角self.rect.x=self.rect.widthself.rect.y=self.rect.height#存储外星人的准确位置self.x=float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def check_edges(self):screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left<=0:return Truedef update(self):self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)self.rect.x=self.x

#  alien_invasion.py
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211107import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
import game_functions as gfdef run_game():#初始化pygame 设置和屏幕对象pygame.init()ai_settings=Settings()screen=pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例stats=GameStats(ai_settings)sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)#创建Play按钮play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")bg_color=(230,230,230)#创建一艘飞船ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)bullets=Group()aliens=Group()#创建外星人群gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)#开始游戏主循环while True:gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)if stats.game_active:ship.update()gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()

# bullet.py
#
#  Copyright 2021
#
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):super(Bullet,self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top = ship.rect.topself.y = float(self.rect.y)self.color = ai_settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):self.y-=self.speed_factorself.rect.y=self.ydef draw_bullet(self):pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

#  button.py
#
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211107
#
import pygame.font
class Button():def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.width,self.height=200,50self.button_color=(0,255,0)self.text_color=(255,255,255)self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.centerself.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self,msg):self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

#  game_functions.py
#  Copyright 2021
#
import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Aliendef check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right=Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left=Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.key==pygame.K_q:sys.exit()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):             if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right=Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left=False              def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event,ship)elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:#重置游戏设置ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#隐藏光标pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)#重置游戏统计信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active=True#重置记分牌图像sb.prep_score()sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()#清空外星人列表和子弹列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()aliens.draw(screen)sb.show_score()if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):bullets.update()for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:bullets.remove(bullet)check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):collisions=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score+=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)sb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats,sb)if len(aliens)==0:bullets.empty()ai_settings.increase_speed()#提高等级stats.level+=1sb.prep_level()create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):available_space_x=ai_settings.screen_width - 2*alien_widthnumber_aliens_x=int(available_space_x /(2*alien_width))return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):available_space_y=(ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)number_rows=int(available_space_y / (2*alien_height))return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)alien_width=alien.rect.widthalien.x=alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_numberalien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_numberalien.rect.x=alien.xaliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):#创建第一行外星人alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)for row_number in range(number_rows):for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speedai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):if stats.ships_left>0:stats.ships_left-=1#更新记分牌sb.prep_ships()aliens.empty()bullets.empty()create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()sleep(0.5)else:stats.game_active=Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):screen_rect=screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)aliens.update()  if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):if stats.score>stats.high_score:stats.high_score=stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()

#  game_stats.py
#
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211107
#  class GameStats():def __init__(self,ai_settings):self.ai_settings=ai_settingsself.reset_stats()#让游戏一开始处于非激活状态self.game_active=False#任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分self.high_score=0def reset_stats(self):self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limitself.score=0self.level=1

#  scoreboard.py
#
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211109
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():#显示得分信息的类def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.ai_settings=ai_settingsself.stats=stats#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置self.text_color=(30,30,30)self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#准备初始得分图像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):score_str=str(self.stats.score)rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将得分放在右上角self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20self.score_rect.top=20def prep_high_score(self):high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将最高得分放在中央self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将等级放在得分的下方self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10def show_score(self):self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)   self.ships.draw(self.screen)def prep_ships(self):self.ships=Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.widthship.rect.y=10self.ships.add(ship)

#  settings.py
#  Copyright 2021 class Settings():def __init__(self):self.screen_width=1200self.screen_height=600self.bg_color=(230,230,230)self.ship_limit=2#子弹设置self.bullet_width = 5self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = 60, 60 ,60self.bullets_allowed=3self.fleet_drop_speed=4self.speedup_scale=1.1self.score_scale=1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):#随着游戏运行，这些参数会发生变化self.ship_speed_factor=2self.bullet_speed_factor = 3self.alien_speed_factor=0.5self.fleet_direction=1#1表示向右移动，-1表示向左移动self.alien_points=50def increase_speed(self):self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)

#  ship.py
#  Copyright 2021
#
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):super(Ship,self).__init__()self.screen=screenself.ai_settings=ai_settingsself.image=pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottomself.center=float(self.rect.centerx)  self.moving_right=Falseself.moving_left=Falsedef update(self):if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left >0:self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorself.rect.centerx=self.centerdef blitme(self):self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx

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