Centos7 安装Python3

一、linux安装Python3

1.安装相关依赖

[root@3f9 ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel gcc

2.官网下载Python源码包

[root@3f9 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz

3.创建安装目录

[root@3f9 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/python3

4.解压文件

[root@3f9 ~]# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz

5.进入解压目录

[root@3f9 ~]# cd Python-3.6.4

6.配置

[root@3f9 Python-3.6.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-shared --enable-optimizations

# --enable-shared启用共享，方便其他依赖python的一些内置库(比如 mysqlclient) 的资源的正常# 安装，在pyinstaller python打包时，也需要开启 --enable-shared

# --enable-optimizations是优化选项(LTO，PGO 等)加上这个 flag 编译后，性能有 10% 左右的优化

7.编译安装

[root@3f9 Python-3.6.4]# make && make install

8.将python3加入环境变量

[root@3f9 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

# 将python3的路径加入此文件

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin

export PATH

[root@3f9 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

9.创建python3软连接

[root@3f9 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3

[root@3f9 ~]# python -V

10.创建pip3软连接，升级pip3

[root@3f9 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

[root@3f9 ~]# pip3 -V

[root@3f9 ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip

二、问题

1.运行python3 -V报错

python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

1. 将python3安装目录的lib目录下的文件libpython3.6m.so.1.0复制到/usr/lib/目录下

[root@3f9 ~]# cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib/

2.将目录/usr/lib/添加到/etc/ld.so.conf.d/目录下的python3.6.conf文件中

[root@3f9 ~]# echo "/usr/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.6.conf

3.刷新动态链接库

[root@3f9 ~]# ldconfig