在CentOS4.3(x86_64)上安装Oracle9204 for linux(x86_64)

Author:        blue_stone@CU

E-mail:        blue_stone@xinhuanet.com

Host OS:     Debian Gnu/Linux sid(32bit)

Host CPU:     AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3000+

VMWare:        VMWare Server 1.0.0 build-28343

Guest OS:    CentOS4.3(x86_64)

Oracle:        Oracle9204 for linux(x86_64)

建立虚拟机的过程选择"Custom"方式创建, Guest OS选择"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 64-bit", 名称选centos, 内存设置为520m, 虚拟机磁盘大小为8G, 不选择" Allocate all disk space now", 将光驱设置为下载到的镜像文件CentOS-4.3-x86_64-binDVD/CentOS-4.3-x86_64-binDVD.iso, 启动虚拟机. 开始Linux安装过程.

安装类型选择Custom方式进行安装, 设置主机名称为centos.blueice.com ip 10.1.0.35/24 gw:10.1.0.1 dns:202.106.0.20

不设置防火墙, 禁止使用SELinux. 语言选择中增加中文支持.  时区选择Asia/Shanghai. Package Group中增加选择了Development中的6个软件包组.

安装完成后, 为虚拟机增加一块8G的虚拟硬盘, 建立一个分区, 格式化为ext3, 挂载在/u01上.

[root@centos ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14        1044     8281507+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4):

Value out of range.

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1044, default 1044):

Using default value 1044

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@centos ~]# mkdir /u01

[root@centos ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

1048576 inodes, 2096474 blocks

104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648

64 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@centos ~]# vi /etc/fstab

[root@centos ~]# more /etc/fstab

# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2

none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

/dev/hdc                /media/cdrom            auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,managed 0 0

/dev/fd0                /media/floppy           auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,managed 0 0

/dev/sdb1               /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 1

检查内存, 要求大于512m

[root@centos ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:       517008 kB

检查swap空间, 要求大于1G

[root@centos ~]#  grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     1048568 kB

检查剩余磁盘空间, /tmp要求大于400m, 安装oracle分区空间不小于3G

[root@centos ~]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

7063480   4397660   2307012  66% /

/dev/sda1               101086     10182     85685  11% /boot

none                    258504         0    258504   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb1              8254240     51228   7783720   1% /u01

检查cpu是否支持x86_64.

[root@centos ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

model name      : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3000+

检查需要的软件包, 由于安装中我们选择了Development中的6个包组, 所以不需要安装额外的包, 关于软件包的具体需求, 请参考后面参考资料部分. 下面是软件包的检查过程.

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep glibc

glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.19

glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL

compat-glibc-headers-2.3.2-95.30

glibc-2.3.4-2.19

glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.19

compat-glibc-2.3.2-95.30

glibc-2.3.4-2.19

glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.19

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.19

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc

libgcc-3.4.5-2

compat-gcc-32-3.2.3-47.3

gcc-c++-3.4.5-2

compat-gcc-32-c++-3.2.3-47.3

libgcc-3.4.5-2

gcc-g77-3.4.5-2

gcc-java-3.4.5-2

compat-libgcc-296-2.96-132.7.2

gcc-3.4.5-2

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep libstdc++

compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3

libstdc++-3.4.5-2

libstdc++-devel-3.4.5-2

libstdc++-3.4.5-2

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep make

automake16-1.6.3-5

automake17-1.7.9-5

automake14-1.4p6-12

automake-1.9.2-3

make-3.80-5

automake15-1.5-13

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep gnome-libs

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep ORBit

ORBit2-2.12.0-3

ORBit2-2.12.0-3

ORBit-0.5.17-14

ORBit2-devel-2.12.0-3

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep audiofile

audiofile-0.2.6-1

audiofile-0.2.6-1

audiofile-devel-0.2.6-1

[root@rhel4 ~]#

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep esound

esound-0.2.35-2

esound-0.2.35-2

esound-devel-0.2.35-2

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep gtk+

gtk+-1.2.10-33.centos4

gtk+-1.2.10-33

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep imlib

imlib-1.9.13-23

imlib-1.9.13-23

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep libpng

libpng-1.2.7-1.el4.2

libpng10-1.0.16-1

libpng-1.2.7-1.el4.2

libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.el4.2

libpng10-devel-1.0.16-1

libpng10-1.0.16-1

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep libungif

libungif-4.1.3-1.el4.2

libungif-devel-4.1.3-1.el4.2

libungif-4.1.3-1.el4.2

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep tcp_wra

tcp_wrappers-7.6-37.2

tcp_wrappers-7.6-37.2

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep setarch

setarch-1.6-1

[root@rhel4 ~]# rpm -qa |grep libaio

libaio-0.3.105-2

设置编译器, oracle需要使用gcc3.2

[root@centos ~]# cd /usr/bin

[root@centos bin]# ls -al |grep gcc

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root          3 Jul 16 11:06 cc -> gcc

-rwxr-xr-x   2 root root     100064 Mar  9 05:18 gcc

-rwxr-xr-x   2 root root      90824 Feb 18  2005 gcc32

-rwxr-xr-x   2 root root     100064 Mar  9 05:18 x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc

-rwxr-xr-x   2 root root      90824 Feb 18  2005 x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc32

[root@centos bin]# mv gcc gcc.old

[root@centos bin]# ln -s gcc32 gcc

[root@centos bin]# gcc -v

Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/x86_64-redhat-linux/3.2.3/specs

Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libgcj --host=x86_64-redhat-linux

Thread model: posix

gcc version 3.2.3 20030502 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.3-47.3)

[root@centos bin]# mv g++ g++.old

[root@centos bin]# ln -s g++32 g++

[root@centos bin]# g++ -v

Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/x86_64-redhat-linux/3.2.3/specs

Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libgcj --host=x86_64-redhat-linux

Thread model: posix

gcc version 3.2.3 20030502 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.3-47.3)

设置系统变量, 在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加如下内容, 并运行sysctl -p

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下内容

*               soft     nproc     2047

*               hard     nproc     16384

*               soft     nofile    1024

*               hard     nofile    65536

在/etc/pam.d/login中添加如下内容

session     required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

建立Oracle用户.

[root@centos ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@centos ~]# groupadd dba

[root@centos ~]# useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba,oinstall

[root@centos ~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

[root@centos ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

设置oracle用户环境变量文件~/.bash_profile, 增加如下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/9.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19

建立oracle安装目录

[root@centos ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@centos ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

以图形用户界面登入操作系统, 开始Oracle安装.

选择产品时, 增加了对简体中文的支持.

安装时选择以后创建数据库.

安装完毕后发现没有企业管理器, 秀一下安装完毕后的sqlplus

[oracle@centos ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jul 16 12:28:24 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE    9.2.0.3.0       Production

TNS for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> col parameter for a40

SQL> col value for a20

SQL> select * from v$option;

PARAMETER                                VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------

Partitioning                             TRUE

Objects                                  TRUE

Real Application Clusters                FALSE

Advanced replication                     TRUE

Bit-mapped indexes                       TRUE

Connection multiplexing                  TRUE

Connection pooling                       TRUE

Database queuing                         TRUE

Incremental backup and recovery          TRUE

Instead-of triggers                      TRUE

Parallel backup and recovery             TRUE

PARAMETER                                VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------

Parallel execution                       TRUE

Parallel load                            TRUE

Point-in-time tablespace recovery        TRUE

Fine-grained access control              TRUE

Proxy authentication/authorization       TRUE

Change Data Capture                      TRUE

Plan Stability                           TRUE

Online Index Build                       TRUE

Coalesce Index                           TRUE

Managed Standby                          TRUE

Materialized view rewrite                TRUE

PARAMETER                                VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------

Materialized view warehouse refresh      TRUE

Database resource manager                TRUE

Spatial                                  TRUE

Visual Information Retrieval             TRUE

Export transportable tablespaces         TRUE

Transparent Application Failover         TRUE

Fast-Start Fault Recovery                TRUE

Sample Scan                              TRUE

Duplexed backups                         TRUE

Java                                     TRUE

OLAP Window Functions                    TRUE

PARAMETER                                VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------

Block Media Recovery                     TRUE

Fine-grained Auditing                    TRUE

Application Role                         TRUE

Enterprise User Security                 TRUE

Oracle Data Guard                        TRUE

Oracle Label Security                    FALSE

OLAP                                     TRUE

Heap segment compression                 TRUE

Join index                               TRUE

Trial Recovery                           TRUE

Oracle Data Mining                       TRUE

PARAMETER                                VALUE

---------------------------------------- --------------------

Online Redefinition                      TRUE

Streams                                  TRUE

File Mapping                             TRUE

47 rows selected.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production