hyperedger +fabric 区块链实践

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[版权申明：本文系作者原创，转载请注明出处]
文章出处：https://blog.csdn.net/sdksdk0/article/details/82222792

作者：朱培 ID：sdksdk0
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一、Fabric开发基础必备

hash：相同的数据内容，会生成相同的hash值。

区块：区块有区块的编号、交易数据、时间戳等来生成一系列的哈希值

挖矿：去计算一个随机数、满足我们hash值的一个随机数。

安装nodejs环境：

https://nodejs.org/en/download/

下载安装

windows安装NodeJS

npm install blockchain-cli -g

安装完成后直接输入 blockchain 进入

输入内容，从创世区块开始，例如我这里输入bc

挖矿，通过 mine 这个命令

例如： mime "ab 100"

可以通过创世区块的名称我这边是 bc来查看区块，目前一共两个区块了。当前区块的 pre Hash就是上一个区块的哈希值。

挖矿的时候回有竞争的问题，类似于在猜某个数字，猜中表示为挖矿成功，然后广播给各个节点，然后再验证是否正确，如果正确，就设置为下一个区块。假设有100个人，如果两个人同时猜对了，就会出现两个分叉的问题，矿池与矿池之间的竞争，

hash值的4个前导0，是有效散列的最低要求，所需的前导0的数量为难度。

https://blockchaindemo.io/

https://anders.com/blockchain/block.html

http://remix.ethereum.org/#optimize=false&version=builtin

有时报错mock compiler: source not found的话可以使用这个地址，就换成这个地址：https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity/#optimize=false&version=soljson-v0.4.23+commit.124ca40d.js

pragma solidity ^0.413;

contract Ballot {

struct Voter {

uint weight;

bool voted;

uint8 vote;

address delegate;

}

struct Proposal {

uint voteCount;

}

address chairperson;

mapping(address => Voter) voters;

Proposal[] proposals;

/// Create a new ballot with $(_numProposals) different proposals.

function Ballot(uint8 _numProposals) public {

chairperson = msg.sender;

voters[chairperson].weight = 1;

proposals.length = _numProposals;

}

/// Give $(toVoter) the right to vote on this ballot.

/// May only be called by $(chairperson).

function giveRightToVote(address toVoter) public {

if (msg.sender != chairperson || voters[toVoter].voted) return;

voters[toVoter].weight = 1;

}

/// Delegate your vote to the voter $(to).

function delegate(address to) public {

Voter storage sender = voters[msg.sender]; // assigns reference

if (sender.voted) return;

while (voters[to].delegate != address(0) && voters[to].delegate != msg.sender)

to = voters[to].delegate;

if (to == msg.sender) return;

sender.voted = true;

sender.delegate = to;

Voter storage delegateTo = voters[to];

if (delegateTo.voted)

proposals[delegateTo.vote].voteCount += sender.weight;

else

delegateTo.weight += sender.weight;

}

/// Give a single vote to proposal $(toProposal).

function vote(uint8 toProposal) public {

Voter storage sender = voters[msg.sender];

if (sender.voted || toProposal >= proposals.length) return;

sender.voted = true;

sender.vote = toProposal;

proposals[toProposal].voteCount += sender.weight;

}

function winningProposal() public constant returns (uint8 _winningProposal) {

uint256 winningVoteCount = 0;

for (uint8 prop = 0; prop < proposals.length; prop++)

if (proposals[prop].voteCount > winningVoteCount) {

winningVoteCount = proposals[prop].voteCount;

_winningProposal = prop;

}

metamask 以太坊钱包：

下载好之后，在谷歌浏览器中添加扩展插件；metamask_extension_4_3_0_0.crx

获得测试币的方法：

http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/344321

地址：https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity/#optimize=false&version=soljson-v0.4.23+commit.124ca40d.js

pragma solidity ^0.4.13;

contract Apple {

uint price;

uint size;

function Apple() public{

price = 11000;

size = 15;

}

function getSize() constant returns(uint){

return size;

}

二、Hyperledger

区块是一组有序的交易集合，在通道中经过加密后与前序区块连接。

Instancetiate -实例化

Invoke - 调用

Leading Peer -主导节点

https://cn.hyperledger.org/members

三、hyperedger fabric centos 环境搭建

1、安装cURL

查看版本： curl --version

2、安装docker 和docker compose

yum install –y docker gcc gcc-c++

首先安装epel扩展源：

sudo yum -y install epel-release

然后安装python-pip

sudo yum -y install python-pip

pip install docker-compose

docker-compose --version #查询版本

yum -y install nodejs npm --enablerepo=epel #使用epel源安装nodejs及npm

验证npm安装：

npm install npm@latest

查看npm版本:

npm -v

3、go语言

yum install go

4、Nodejs运行环境

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.31.1/install.sh | bash

vim ~/.bashrc

export NVM_DIR="/root/.nvm"

[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm

source ~/.bashrc

nvm install 6.9.5

5、安装git

1.安装依赖包:

sudo yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker

2.下载git源码并解压:

$ wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.3.0.zip

$ unzip v2.3.0.zip

$ cd git-2.3.0

3.编译安装:

make prefix=/usr/local/git all

sudo make prefix=/usr/local/git install

4.修改环境变量:

sudo vim /etc/profile

然后在文件的最后一行，添加下面的内容，然后保存退出。

export PATH=/usr/local/git/bin:$PATH

5.使用source命令立即保存

source /etc/profile

6.查看版本

git version

镜像安装

1、下载Hyperledger的simple demo

git clone https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git

cd 到这个目录中

2、平台特定二进制文件安装：

curl -sSL https:goo.gl/byy2Qj | bash -s 1.0.5

离线地址:

https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/

https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/darwin-amd64-1.0.5/

选择：linux-amd64-1.1.0/进行下载

将这个文件解压到fabric-samples中的bin目录下

3、启动文件配置

这个时候还需要一个init.sh

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hyperledger/fabric/v1.0.5/scripts/bootstrap.sh

注释掉这两行内容：

echo "===> Downloading platform binaries"

curl https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/${ARCH}-${VERSION}/hyperledger-fabric-${ARCH}-${VERSION}.tar.gz | tar xz

4、赋权：

chmod -R 777 init.sh

5、运行：

./init.sh 1.0.5

这个时候会安装镜像

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备用网址：

https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/blob/master/scripts/bootstrap.sh

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hyperledger/fabric/master/scripts/

wget https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples/archive/release-1.0.zip

http://hub-mirror.c.163.com

https://registry.docker-cn.com

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在fabric-samples文件夹中

$ cd first-network/

先把所有网络关闭掉：

./byfn.sh -m down

然后再开始

$ ./byfn.sh -m generate

生成初始的区块：

.$ ../bin/cryptogen generate --config=./crypto-config.yaml

$ export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=$PWD

../bin/configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsOrdererGenesis -outputBlock ./channel-artifacts/genesis.block

生成应用通道的配置信息

$ export CHANNEL_NAME=mychannel

$ ../bin/configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputCreateChannelTx ./channel-artifacts/channel.tx -channelID $CHANNEL_NAME

生成锚节点配置更新文件

$ ../bin/configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputAnchorPeersUpdate ./channel-artifacts/Org1MSPanchors.tx -channelID $CHANNEL_NAME -asOrg Org1MSP

$ ../bin/configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputAnchorPeersUpdate ./channel-artifacts/Org2MSPanchors.tx -channelID $CHANNEL_NAME -asOrg Org2MSP

操作网络

编辑docker-compose-cli.yaml ,注释command命令

# command: /bin/bash -c './scripts/script.sh ${CHANNEL_NAME} ${DELAY}; sleep $TIMEOUT'

在命令行执行：

$ CHANNEL_NAME=$CHANNER_NAME TIMEOUT=600 docker-compose -f docker-compose-cli.yaml up -d

创建和加入通道

进入docker容器

$ docker exec -it cli bash

进入docker中创建通道：

$ export CHANNEL_NAME=mychannel

peer channel create -o orderer.example.com:7050 -c $CHANNEL_NAME -f ./channel-artifacts/channel.tx --tls $CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED --cafile /opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/peer/crypto/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem

加入通道

peer channel join -b mychannel.block

链码：

peer chaincode install -n mycc -v 1.0 -p github.com/hyperledger/fabric/examples/chaincode/go/chaincode_example02

实例化链码

peer chaincode instantiate -o orderer.example.com:7050 --tls $CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED --cafile /opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/peer/crypto/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem -C $CHANNEL_NAME -n mycc -v 1.0 -c '{"Args":["init","a", "100", "b","200"]}' -P "OR('Org1MSP.member','Org2MSP.member')"

查询：

peer chaincode query -C $CHANNEL_NAME -n mycc -c '{"Args":["query","a"]}'

现操作A转账给B 10 块钱

peer chaincode invoke -o orderer.example.com:7050 --tls $CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED --cafile /opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/peer/crypto/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem -C $CHANNEL_NAME -n mycc -c '{"Args":["invoke","a","b","10"]}'

查询 a 账户的金额

peer chaincode query -C $CHANNEL_NAME -n mycc -c '{"Args":["query","a"]}'

遇到的问题：

在阿里的服务器（CentOS 7.3、CentOS 7.2、Ubuntu 16）运行first-network报错

运行cli容器的script.sh时候，创建渠道时cli控制台错误摘要：

添加这样一行：

- GODEBUG=netdns=go

你删除的镜像可能被其他容器使用，可以试试这条命令：

root@192.168.0.109:~# sudo docker rmi -f 1dd

docker rm$(docker ps -a -q)

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

四、nodejs sdk和fabice合约互动。

1、在fabric-samples-release-1.0/fabcar目录下执行： npm install 进行安装node_modules，安装好之后就会有很多文件出现。

2、杀掉活跃的相关容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

3、清理缓存的网络

docker network prune

4、删除fabcar智能合约的底层链码图像，如果是第一次运行这个项目可以不执行（可以通过 docker images来查询需要删除的镜像）

docker rmi dev-peer0.org1.example.com-mycc-1.0-384f11f484b9302df90b453200cfb25174305fce8f53f4e94d45ee3b6cab0ce9

5、启动网络

./startFabric.sh node

6、注册管理员用户

node enrollAdmin.js

注册user1 用户

node registerUser.js

查询账目

node query.js

运行结果：

Store path:/Users/fujinliang/fabric/fabric-samples/fabcar/hfc-key-store
Successfully loaded user1 from persistence
Query has completed, checking results
Response is [{"Key":"CAR0", "Record":{"colour":"blue","make":"Toyota","model":"Prius","owner":"Tomoko"}},{"Key":"CAR1", "Record":{"colour":"red","make":"Ford","model":"Mustang","owner":"Brad"}},{"Key":"CAR2", "Record":{"colour":"green","make":"Hyundai","model":"Tucson","owner":"Jin Soo"}},{"Key":"CAR3", "Record":{"colour":"yellow","make":"Volkswagen","model":"Passat","owner":"Max"}},{"Key":"CAR4", "Record":{"colour":"black","make":"Tesla","model":"S","owner":"Adriana"}},{"Key":"CAR5", "Record":{"colour":"purple","make":"Peugeot","model":"205","owner":"Michel"}},{"Key":"CAR6", "Record":{"colour":"white","make":"Chery","model":"S22L","owner":"Aarav"}},{"Key":"CAR7", "Record":{"colour":"violet","make":"Fiat","model":"Punto","owner":"Pari"}},{"Key":"CAR8", "Record":{"colour":"indigo","make":"Tata","model":"Nano","owner":"Valeria"}},{"Key":"CAR9", "Record":{"colour":"brown","make":"Holden","model":"Barina","owner":"Shotaro"}}]

查询某一个的账目

修改 query.js , 可以查询key为CAR4 的记录

const request = {
//targets : --- letting this default to the peers assigned to the channel
chaincodeId: 'fabcar',
fcn: 'queryCar',
args: ['CAR4']
};

运行 node query.js，

Response is {"colour":"black","make":"Tesla","model":"S","owner":"Adriana"}

更新账目

修改 invoke.js, 添加一条数据

var request = {
//targets: let default to the peer assigned to the client
chaincodeId: 'fabcar',
fcn: 'createCar',
args: ['CAR10', 'Chevy', 'Volt', 'Red', 'Nick'],
chainId: 'mychannel',
txId: tx_id
};

执行 node invoke.js，可以添加一条数据进入账目

修改 query.js，

const request = {
//targets : --- letting this default to the peers assigned to the channel
chaincodeId: 'fabcar',
fcn: 'queryCar',
args: ['CAR10']
};

运行 node query.js ,

Response is {"colour":"Red","make":"Chevy","model":"Volt","owner":"Nick"}

修改 invoke.js, 修改CAR10的拥有者为 Dave

var request = {
//targets: let default to the peer assigned to the client
chaincodeId: 'fabcar',
fcn: 'changeCarOwner',
args: ['CAR10', 'Dave'],
chainId: 'mychannel',
txId: tx_id
};

执行 node invoke.js, 再运行 node query.js , 运行结果：

Response is {"colour":"Red","make":"Chevy","model":"Volt","owner":"Dave"}

五、链码开发环境搭建：

1、链码存放：将chaincode002 复制到fabric-samples/chaincode目录下

2、开启3个终端

终端1：启动网络

cd chaincode-docker-devmode/

docker-compose -f docker-compose-simple.yaml up

遇到的问题：启动时报错：

Error: Invalid channel create transaction : mismatched channel ID mycc != myc

解决方案：

修改chaincode-docker-devmode目录下的scripts.sh

将里面的myc 换成mycc

终端2：编译且启动链码

docker exec -it chaincode bash

cd chaincode002

go build

CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=peer:7051 CORE_CHAINCODE_ID_NAME=myccc:0 ./chaincode002

终端3：操作链码

docker exec -it cli bash

安装链码

peer chaincode install -p chaincodedev/chaincode/chaincode002 -n myccc -v 0

实例化链码

peer chaincode instantiate -n mycc -v 0 -c '{"Args":["str","helloworld"]}' -C mycc