Redis数据结构Hash实战之淘宝短链接

网址链接过长给用户不好的体验，缩短链接长度方便社交化传播，还能跟踪点击量和统计。

算法解析

生成a~z A~z 0~9的字符，后面有用

public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.print("{ ");for (int i = 1; i <= 26; i++) {System.out.print("\"" + (char) (64 + i) + "\"" + ",");}for (int i = 1; i <= 26; i++) {System.out.print("\"" + (char) (96 + i) + "\"" + ",");}for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {if (i == 10) {System.out.print("\"" + (char) (47 + i) + "\"");} else {System.out.print("\"" + (char) (47 + i) + "\"" + ",");}}System.out.print(" }");
}

结果：

{"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z","0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9" }

直接上代码，代码中有注释，下面总结：

public static final String[] chars = new String[]{"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};/*** 长链接转换为4个短KEY** @param url* @return*/
public static String[] shortUrl(String url) {String key = "";// 对地址进行md5加密String sMD5EncryptResult = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex((key + url).getBytes());String hex = sMD5EncryptResult;String[] resUrl = new String[4];for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {// 取出8位字符串，md5 32位，被切割为4组，每组8位字符String sTempSubString = hex.substring(i * 8, i * 8 + 8);// Long.parseLong(sTempSubString, 16) 将其转换成16进制，详情见说明1尝试理解// 先转换成16进制，然后用 0x3FFFFFF 进行位与运算，目的是格式化截取前30位long lHexLong = 0x3FFFFFF & Long.parseLong(sTempSubString, 16);String outChars = "";for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {// 0x0000003D的10进制是61，61代表chars数组长度62的0~61的坐标// 0x0000003D & lHexLong 进行位与运算，就是格式化为6位，即61内的数字// 保障了index绝对是61以内的值long index = 0x0000003D & lHexLong;outChars += chars[(int) index];// 每次循环按位移5位，因为30位的二进制分6次循环，即每次右移5位lHexLong = lHexLong >> 5;}resUrl[i] = outChars;}return resUrl;
}@Test
public void test06() {// 输出短网址System.out.println(Arrays.toString(shortUrl("https://www.xk857.com")));
}

说明1：

/*** 2进制:111111111111111111111111111111* 2进制:1010110011010101011100100001111* 格式化后:10110011010101011100100001111* 0x0000003D:2进制:111101* 0x0000003D∶10进制:61*/
@Test
public void test07() {String str = "566ab90f";System.out.println("2进制:" + Long.toBinaryString(0x3FFFFFFF));System.out.println("2进制:" + Long.toBinaryString(0x566ab90f));System.out.println("格式化后:" + Long.toBinaryString(0x3fffffff & 0x566ab90f));System.out.println("0x0000003D:2进制:" + Long.toBinaryString(0x0000003D));System.out.println("0x0000003D∶10进制:" + Long.parseLong("0000003D", 16));
}

解析：将长网址md5生成32位签名串，分为4段，每段8个字节对这四段循环处理，取8个字节，将他看成16进制串与0x3fffffff(30位1）与操作，即超过30位的忽略处理这30位分成6段，每5位的数字作为字母表的索引取得特定字符，依次进行获得6位字符串。总的 md5串可以获得4个6位串,取里面的任意一个就可作为这个长url 的短 url 地址

实战-短链接接口开发

《短链接转换器》的原理:

1．长链接转换为短链接
实现原理:长链接转换为短链接加密串key,然后存储于redis的hash结构中。

2.重定向到原始的url
实现原理:通过加密串key到redis找出原始url，然后重定向出去

工具类：ShortUrlUtils

package com.xk857.util;import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils;/*** @author cv大魔王* @version 1.0* @date 2021/5/23 11:35*/
public class ShortUrlUtils {public static final String[] chars = new String[]{"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G","H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y","Z", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q","r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8","9"};/*** 长链接转换为4个短KEY** @param url* @return*/public static String[] shortUrl(String url) {String key = "";// 对地址进行md5加密String sMD5EncryptResult = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex((key + url).getBytes());String hex = sMD5EncryptResult;String[] resUrl = new String[4];for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {// 取出8位字符串，md5 32位，被切割为4组，每组8位字符String sTempSubString = hex.substring(i * 8, i * 8 + 8);// Long.parseLong(sTempSubString, 16) 将其转换成16进制，详情见说明1尝试理解// 先转换成16进制，然后用 0x3FFFFFF 进行位与运算，目的是格式化截取前30位long lHexLong = 0x3FFFFFF & Long.parseLong(sTempSubString, 16);String outChars = "";for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {// 0x0000003D的10进制是61，61代表chars数组长度62的0~61的坐标// 0x0000003D & lHexLong 进行位与运算，就是格式化为6位，即61内的数字// 保障了index绝对是61以内的值long index = 0x0000003D & lHexLong;outChars += chars[(int) index];// 每次循环按位移5位，因为30位的二进制分6次循环，即每次右移5位lHexLong = lHexLong >> 5;}resUrl[i] = outChars;}return resUrl;}}

接口开发：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/short")
public class ShortUrlController {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate redisTemplate;private final static  String SHORT_KEY ="short:url";@GetMapping("/encode")public String encode(String url){String[] keys = ShortUrlUtils.shortUrl(url);String key = keys[0];redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(SHORT_KEY,key,url);return "http://localhost:8080/api/short/"+ key;}/*** 重定向到原始的* @param key*/@GetMapping(value = "/{key}")public void decode(@PathVariable String key,HttpServletResponse response) {String url = (String)redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(SHORT_KEY,key);System.out.println(url);try {response.sendRedirect(url);}catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

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Redis数据结构Hash实战之淘宝短链接

算法解析

实战-短链接接口开发

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