数据结构实践1——学生档案管理系统
2024-05-18 21:48:55
目录
- 算法
- 代码
- pojo
- Student类
- Account类
- data
- StudentInfo类
- DAO
- StudentDAO类
- AccountDAO类
- service
- StudentSystem类
- Main
算法
排序算法自己曾经的总结，这里不再赘述：链接: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46113894/article/details/109520450.
文件的存储与读取：
- 使用BufferReader缓冲流读取，并使用装饰模式，使用输入流与文件流构造
- 使用BufferWriter写文件，构造时注意：文件流第二个参数写false，这样写的时候不会接着文件的末尾加上去，而是重写文件。
- 采用特定文本格式存储，每次读取一行，使用String的split方法根据逗号分隔字符串，借此提取出字符串中的信息，并顺序的存入Array List列表中
- 写的时候顺序遍历列表，通过构造该格式的字符串再一行一行地写入文件
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName), “UTF-8”));
new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName, false)));
代码
pojo
Student类
package StudentInfoManage.pojo;/*** @author LiuWei*/
public class Student {private int id;private String name;private String major;private int cpp;private int network;private int dataStructure;private int english;private int total;private int ranking;private static int studentNum=1;public Student(){}/*** 新增学生所需构造函数，id自动生成，提供格式与存储格式相同* @param name* @param major* @param cpp* @param network* @param dataStructure* @param english*/public Student(String name, String major, int cpp, int network, int dataStructure, int english) {this.id=studentNum++;this.name = name;this.major = major;this.cpp = cpp;this.network = network;this.dataStructure = dataStructure;this.english = english;this.total =this.cpp+this.network+this.dataStructure+this.english;this.ranking=0;}/*** 文件读取用，所有参数为String,无id，总分，排名* @param name* @param major* @param cpp* @param network* @param dataStructure* @param english*/public Student( String name, String major, String cpp, String network, String dataStructure, String english) {this.id=studentNum++;this.name = name;this.major = major;this.cpp =Integer.parseInt(cpp);this.network =Integer.parseInt( network);this.dataStructure = Integer.parseInt(dataStructure);this.english = Integer.parseInt(english);this.total =this.cpp+this.network+this.dataStructure+this.english;this.ranking = 0;}/*** 提供所有参数，用于读取文件中学生信息完全都有的情况，所有参数为String* @param id* @param name* @param major* @param cpp* @param network* @param dataStructure* @param english* @param total* @param ranking*/public Student(String id, String name, String major, String cpp, String network, String dataStructure, String english, String total, String ranking) {this.id=Integer.parseInt(id);//遇到更大的id自动按大号生成if(this.id>studentNum){studentNum=this.id+1;}this.name = name;this.major = major;this.cpp =Integer.parseInt(cpp);this.network =Integer.parseInt( network);this.dataStructure = Integer.parseInt(dataStructure);this.english = Integer.parseInt(english);this.total =this.cpp+this.network+this.dataStructure+this.english;this.ranking = Integer.parseInt(ranking);}/*** 用于读取文件的不同情况* @param id* @param name* @param major* @param cpp* @param network* @param dataStructure* @param english*/public Student(String id ,String name, String major, String cpp, String network, String dataStructure, String english) {this.id=Integer.parseInt(id);this.name = name;this.major = major;this.cpp =Integer.parseInt(cpp);this.network =Integer.parseInt( network);this.dataStructure = Integer.parseInt(dataStructure);this.english = Integer.parseInt(english);this.total =this.cpp+this.network+this.dataStructure+this.english;this.ranking = 0;}public int getId() {return id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getMajor() {return major;}public void setMajor(String major) {this.major = major;}public int getCpp() {return cpp;}public void setCpp(int cpp) {this.cpp = cpp;}public int getNetwork() {return network;}public void setNetwork(int network) {this.network = network;}public int getDataStructure() {return dataStructure;}public void setDataStructure(int dataStructure) {this.dataStructure = dataStructure;}public int getEnglish() {return english;}public void setEnglish(int english) {this.english = english;}public int getTotal() {return total;}public void setTotal(int total) {this.total = total;}public int getRanking() {return ranking;}public void setRanking(int ranking) {this.ranking = ranking;}public String getAllInfo(){return new String(id+","+name+","+major+","+cpp+","+network+","+dataStructure+","+english+","+total+","+ranking);}public void setAllScore(int cpp,int network,int dataStructure,int english) {this.cpp = cpp;this.network=network;this.dataStructure=dataStructure;this.english=english;this.total=cpp+network+dataStructure+english;}public void showAll(){System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+major+" "+cpp+" "+network+" "+ dataStructure+" "+english+" "+total+" "+ranking);}}Account类
package StudentInfoManage.pojo;/*** @author lw*/
public class Account {/**账户编号*/private int accountId;/**账户名称*/private String accountName;/**密码*/private String password;static int accountNum=1;public Account( String accountName, String password) {this.accountId =accountNum++ ;this.accountName = accountName;this.password = password;}public Account() {}public int getAccountId() {return accountId;}public void setAccountId(int accountId) {this.accountId = accountId;}public String getAccountName() {return accountName;}public void setAccountName(String accountName) {this.accountName = accountName;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}
}data
StudentInfo类
package StudentInfoManage.data;import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Account;
import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Student;import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** @author LiuWei* 该类负责读取文件，将信息保存在List中*/
public class StudentInfo {/**学生类表*/private List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();private List<Account> accountList=new ArrayList<>();BufferedReader br;BufferedWriter out;String fileName="src/StudentInfoManage/StudentInfo.txt";/**构造函数* 这里读取文件初始化数据*/public StudentInfo() throws IOException {accountList.add(new Account("admin","0000"));try {//初始化输入输出流，注意Reader和Writer只能同时有一个，windows系统只能同时选其一中，否则文件会被清空br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName), "UTF-8"));String contents = null;String[] splitInfo = null;//循环读取所有的文本do {contents = br.readLine();if (contents != null) {splitInfo = contents.split(",");//System.out.println(Arrays.toString(splitInfo));} else {break;}if (splitInfo != null && splitInfo.length == 7) {students.add(new Student(splitInfo[0], splitInfo[1], splitInfo[2], splitInfo[3], splitInfo[4], splitInfo[5], splitInfo[6]));} else if (splitInfo.length == 9) {students.add(new Student(splitInfo[0], splitInfo[1], splitInfo[2], splitInfo[3], splitInfo[4], splitInfo[5], splitInfo[6], splitInfo[7], splitInfo[8]));}} while (contents != null);//System.out.println(students.size());} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException unsupportedEncodingException) {unsupportedEncodingException.printStackTrace();} catch (FileNotFoundException fileNotFoundException) {fileNotFoundException.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException ioException) {ioException.printStackTrace();}br.close();}public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {this.students = students;}/*** 根据线性表重写文件，更新学生信息*/public void update() {//每次更新重新打开输出流，保证每次重写try {out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName, false)));for (Student ele : students) {try {out.write(ele.getAllInfo() + '\n');} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}out.flush();out.close();} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public List<Student> getStudents () {return students;}public List<Account> getAccountList(){return accountList;}
}DAO
StudentDAO类
package StudentInfoManage.dao;import StudentInfoManage.data.StudentInfo;
import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Student;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;/*** @author LiuWei*/
public class StudentDAO {private StudentInfo database;public StudentDAO(StudentInfo database) {this.database = database;sortStudent();database.update();}/*** 新增信息* @param student 学生对象*/public void addStudent(Student student){database.getStudents().add(student);sortStudent();database.update();}/*** 更新课程成绩* @param studentId* @param cpp* @param net* @param data* @param eng*/public boolean updateStudent(int studentId,int cpp,int net,int data ,int eng){if(cpp<0||net<0||data<0||eng<0){return false;}for (Student student : database.getStudents()) {if (student.getId()==studentId){student.setAllScore(cpp,net,data,eng);sortStudent();database.update();return true;}}return false;}/*** 根据id查找* @param studentId id* @return 返回学生对象*/public Student searchByStudentId(int studentId){for (Student student : database.getStudents()) {if (student.getId()==studentId){return student;}}return null;}/*** 根据姓名查找* @param studentName 姓名* @return 返回学生对象*/public Student searchByStudentName(String studentName){for (Student student : database.getStudents()) {if (student.getName().equals(studentName)){return student;}}return null;}/*** 显示所有学生信息*/public List<Student> getAll(){return database.getStudents();}/*** 计算学生的排名*/public void sortStudent(){List <Student>list= database.getStudents();System.out.println("请选择排序方式：");System.out.println("1.双向冒泡排序");System.out.println("2.快速排序");System.out.println("3.希尔排序");System.out.println("4.堆排序");String choice=new Scanner(System.in).next();switch (choice){case "1":duplexSort(list);break;case "3":hillSort(list);break;case "4":heapSort(list);break;default:quickSort(list,0,list.size()-1);}for(int i=0;i< list.size();i++){if(i>0&&list.get(i).getTotal()==list.get(i-1).getTotal()){list.get(i).setRanking(list.get(i-1).getRanking());}else {list.get(i).setRanking(i+1);}}}public boolean deleteStudent(Student stu){List <Student> list=database.getStudents();for (Student student : list) {if (student.getId()==stu.getId()){list.remove(student);quickSort(list,0,list.size()-1);database.update();return true;}}return false;}/*** 双向冒泡排序* @param list 待排序线性表*/public void duplexSort( List <Student>list){int left=0,right = list.size()-1;while(left<right){//左侧扫描for(int j = left+1; j <= right; j++) {if(list.get(left).getTotal()<list.get(j).getTotal()) {Student temp=list.get(left);list.set(left,list.get(j));list.set(j,temp);}}left++;if(left>=right){break;}//右侧扫描for(int j = right-1; j >= left; j--) {if(list.get(right).getTotal()>list.get(j).getTotal()) {Student temp=list.get(right);list.set(right,list.get(j));list.set(j,temp);}}right--;}}/*** 快速排序* @param list 待排序线性表* @param left 左边界* @param right 右边界*/public void quickSort( List <Student>list,int left,int right){if (left > right) {return;}int i = left;int j = right;Student t = list.get(left);while (i != j){while (list.get(j).getTotal() <= t.getTotal()&& (j > i)) {j--;}while (list.get(i).getTotal() >= t.getTotal()&& (j > i)) {i++;}//交换位置if (i < j) {Student temp=list.get(i);list.set(i,list.get(j));list.set(j,temp);}}list.set(left,list.get(i));list.set(i,t);//递归左子序列quickSort(list,left, --i);//递归右子序列quickSort(list,++j, right);return;}/*** 希尔排序* @param list 待排序线性表*/public void hillSort( List <Student>list){int d, i, j;int n=list.size()-1;//多个短序列循环整合for (d=n/2;d>=1;d=d/2) {//每个序列内循环插入每个元素for ( i = d; i <= n; i++) {//存放待插入元素Student temp= list.get(i);//寻找插入位置for (j = i-d; j>=0&&temp.getTotal() >list.get(j).getTotal(); j-=d) {//待插入元素向后移动list.set(j+d,list.get(j));}list.set(j+d,temp);}}}/*** 堆排序* @param list*/public void heapSort( List <Student>list){int i = 0;int n=list.size()-1;//初始建堆，从最后一个分支结点至根结点for (i = n/2+1; i >= 0; i--) {Sift(list, i, n);}//System.out.println(list.get(0).getAllInfo());//重复执行移走堆顶及重建堆的操作for (i=0; i<=n; i++) {// System.out.println(list.get(0).getAllInfo());//交换0和末尾（n-i）的位置Student temp=list.get(0);list.set(0,list.get(n-i));list.set(n-i,temp);Sift(list, 0, n-i-1);}}/*** 创建小根堆* @param list* @param k 当前位置* @param m 最大下标*/void Sift(List<Student> list, int k, int m) {//i指向被筛选结点，j指向结点i的左孩子int i = k, j = 2 * i+1;while (j <= m) {//比较i的左右孩子，j指向两者中的较小者if (j < m &&list.get(j).getTotal() > list.get(j+1).getTotal()) {j++;}//若根结点已经小于左右孩子中的较小者if (list.get(i).getTotal() < list.get(j).getTotal()) {break;} else {Student temp=list.get(i);list.set(i,list.get(j));list.set(j,temp);//被筛结点位于原来结点j的位置i = j; j = 2 * i+1;}}}
}AccountDAO类
package StudentInfoManage.dao;import StudentInfoManage.data.StudentInfo;
import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Account;/*** @author lw*/
public class AccountDao {/**数据库*/private StudentInfo StudentInfo;/*** 构造函数传入同一个数据库*/public AccountDao( StudentInfo studentInfo) {this.StudentInfo = studentInfo;}/*** 根据用户名查找用户* @param accountName 用户名称* @return 账户对象*/public Account findByName(String accountName){Account account = null;for (Account user : StudentInfo.getAccountList()) {//比较账户名if(user.getAccountName().equals(accountName)){account = user;break;}}return account;}/*** 新增用户* @param account*/public void insert(Account account){StudentInfo.getAccountList().add(account);}
}service
StudentSystem类
package StudentInfoManage.service;import StudentInfoManage.dao.AccountDao;
import StudentInfoManage.dao.StudentDAO;
import StudentInfoManage.data.StudentInfo;
import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Account;
import StudentInfoManage.pojo.Student;import java.util.Scanner;/*** @author LiuWei*/
public class StudentSystem {private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);private StudentDAO studentDAO;private AccountDao accountDao;public StudentSystem(StudentInfo studentinfo) {this.accountDao=new AccountDao(studentinfo);this.studentDAO = new StudentDAO(studentinfo);}public void start(){System.out.println("1. 登录");System.out.println("2. 注册");System.out.println("3. 退出系统");System.out.println("请选择：");String choice = scanner.next();switch (choice){case "1"://登录login();mainMenu();break;case "2":regist();break;//注册case "3":System.out.println("退出了系统！");break;default:System.out.println("无效的选项，请重新输入！");start();}}public void mainMenu(){System.out.println("******************功能菜单****************");System.out.println("1. 新增学生信息");System.out.println("2. 浏览学生信息");System.out.println("3. 删除学生信息");System.out.println("4. 查找学生信息");System.out.println("5. 修改学生信息");System.out.println("6. 退出系统");String choice = scanner.next();switch (choice){case "1":addStudent();mainMenu();break;case "2":showAllStudentInfo();mainMenu();break;case "3":deleStudent();mainMenu();break;case "4":searchStudent();mainMenu();break;case "5":updateStudent();mainMenu();break;case "6":System.out.println("退出了系统！");break;default:System.out.println("无效的选项，请重新输入！");mainMenu();}}/*** 登录*/public void login(){System.out.println("请输入用户名：");String userName = scanner.next();System.out.println("请输入密码：");String password = scanner.next();//通过DAO根据用户名查询数据库中对象Account account = accountDao.findByName(userName);//判断用户是否存在if(account != null){//将数据库中找到的账户，再根据其密码和输入的密码比较if(account.getPassword().equals(password)){System.out.println("登录成功！");}else{System.out.println("密码错误！");login();}}else{System.out.println("用户名不存在！请重新输入");login();}}/*** 注册*/public void regist() {System.out.println("请输入注册的用户名：");String userName = scanner.next();System.out.println("请输入注册的密码：");String password = scanner.next();System.out.println("请再次输入确认密码：");String passwordConfirm = scanner.next();//判断是否密码相同if (password.equals(passwordConfirm)) {String confirmCode=getVerificationCode();System.out.println("请输入验证码");System.out.println("********");System.out.println("* "+confirmCode+" *");System.out.println("********");String userCode=scanner.next();if (userCode.equals(confirmCode)){//判断用户名是否被注册Account account = accountDao.findByName(userName);if (account != null) {System.out.println("该用户名已被注册！输入0返回上一层菜单，其他任意键继续注册");String result = scanner.next();if (result.equals("0")) {start();} else {regist();}} else {//根据注册的信息创建一个账户对象Account registAccount = new Account(userName,password);//将注册的信息写入数据库accountDao.insert(registAccount);System.out.println("注册成功！");//返回起始菜单start();}}else {System.err.println("验证码不正确！请重新输入");regist();}}else {System.err.println("两次输入的密码不一致！请重新输入");regist();}}/*** 生成验证码* @return 验证码String*/public String getVerificationCode(){String code="";for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {code+=(int)(Math.random()*10);}return code;}/*** 新增学生*/public void addStudent(){System.out.println("请输入学生姓名");String name=scanner.next();System.out.println("请输入专业");String major=scanner.next();System.out.println("请输入c++成绩");int cpp=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入计算机网络成绩");int net=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入数据结构成绩");int data=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入英语成绩");int eng=toInt(scanner.next());if(cpp<0||net<0||data<0||eng<0){System.err.println("创建失败");return;}studentDAO.addStudent(new Student(name,major,cpp,net,data,eng));System.out.println("创建成功!");}/*** 显示所有信息*/public void showAllStudentInfo(){System.out.println("id "+" 姓名 "+" 专业 "+" c++ "+" 计算机网络 "+"数据结构"+" 英语 "+" 总分 "+" 名次 ");for (Student stu:studentDAO.getAll()){stu.showAll();}}/*** 根据id查找学生，修改四门课成绩*/public void updateStudent(){System.out.println("请输入要修改学生的id");int id=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入c++成绩");int cpp=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入计算机网络成绩");int net=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入数据结构成绩");int data=toInt(scanner.next());System.out.println("请输入英语成绩");int eng=toInt(scanner.next());if(studentDAO.updateStudent(id,cpp,net,data,eng)){System.out.println("修改成功");}else {System.err.println("修改失败");}}/*** 搜索学生*/public void searchStudent(){System.out.println("1. 根据姓名查找");System.out.println("2. 根据id查找");System.out.println("3. 返回上一级");String choice = scanner.next();switch (choice){case "1":System.out.println("请输入姓名");String name=scanner.next();Student stua=studentDAO.searchByStudentName(name);if(stua==null){System.out.println("未查询到");}else {stua.showAll();start();}break;case "2":System.out.println("请输入id");int id=toInt(scanner.next());Student stub=studentDAO.searchByStudentId(id);if(stub==null){System.out.println("未查询到");}else {stub.showAll();start();}break;case "3":start();break;default:System.err.println("无效的选项，请重新输入！");searchStudent();}}/*** 删除学生*/public void deleStudent(){System.out.println("请输入学生的id");int id=toInt(scanner.next());Student stu=studentDAO.searchByStudentId(id);if(stu!=null&& studentDAO.deleteStudent(stu)){System.out.println("删除成功");}else {System.out.println("未查询到该学生");}}/*** 返回字符串的对应数字，如果输入的不是数字返回-1，同时catch异常防止转换函数抛出异常* @param a 输入的字符串* @return 相应的数字*/public int toInt(String a){try {int result=Double.valueOf(a).intValue();return result<0?0:result;}catch (Exception e){return -1;}}
}
Main
package StudentInfoManage;import StudentInfoManage.dao.StudentDAO;
import StudentInfoManage.data.StudentInfo;
import StudentInfoManage.service.StudentSystem;import java.io.IOException;/*** @author LiuWei*/
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {StudentInfo database= null;try {database = new StudentInfo();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}StudentSystem sys=new StudentSystem(database);sys.start();}
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