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sys与shutil模块

sys模块与shutil模块

sys模块


import sys #读入sys

sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径

sys.exit(n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0)

sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息

sys.maxint 最大的Int值

sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值

sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称

sys.stdout.write('please:')

val = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]

使用sys.argv

import sys
print(sys.argv)
输入python systest.py 1 2 3 4 5
输出['systest.py', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5']

shutil模块 就是copy文件用的 高级的 文件、文件夹、压缩包 处理模块

copyfileobj方法的使用

import shutil
f1=open('123.txt',encoding='utf-8')
f2=open('321.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2)

copyfile方法，此方法也是调用copyfileobj完成的复制

import shutil
shutil.copyfile('123.txt','213.txt')

shutil.copymode(src, dst)仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变

def copymode(src, dst):
"""Copy mode bits from src to dst"""
if hasattr(os, 'chmod'):st = os.stat(src)mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)#只复制了权限os.chmod(dst, mode)

shutil.copystat(src, dst)拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

def copystat(src, dst):
"""Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst"""
st = os.stat(src)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
if hasattr(os, 'utime'):os.utime(dst, (st.st_atime, st.st_mtime))
if hasattr(os, 'chmod'):os.chmod(dst, mode)
if hasattr(os, 'chflags') and hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):try:os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)except OSError, why:for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':if hasattr(errno, err) and why.erro == getattr(errno, err):breakelse:raise

使用

import shutil
import os
print('123.txt的属性',os.stat('123.txt'))
print('321.txt的属性',os.stat('321.txt'))
print('-----------------------------')
shutil.copystat('123.txt','321.txt')
print('123.txt的属性',os.stat('123.txt'))
print('321.txt的属性',os.stat('321.txt'))
输出：
123.txt的属性 os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=38843546786354155, st_dev=1178654058, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=104, st_atime=1497404453, st_mtime=1497404453, st_ctime=1497404442)
321.txt的属性 os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=22517998137141947, st_dev=1178654058, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=121, st_atime=1497405718, st_mtime=1497405718, st_ctime=1497404522)
-----------------------------
123.txt的属性 os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=38843546786354155, st_dev=1178654058, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=104, st_atime=1497404453, st_mtime=1497404453, st_ctime=1497404442)
321.txt的属性 os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=22517998137141947, st_dev=1178654058, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=121, st_atime=1497404453, st_mtime=1497404453, st_ctime=1497404522)

shutil.copy(src, dst)拷贝文件和权限,源码里有两个方法，copyfile和copymode

def copy(src, dst):
"""Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst").The destination may be a directory."""
if os.path.isdir(dst):dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst)
copymode(src, dst)

shutil.copy2(src, dst)拷贝文件和状态信息

def copy2(src, dst):
"""Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst").The destination may be a directory."""
if os.path.isdir(dst):dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst)
copystat(src, dst)

shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None) 递归的去拷贝文件， 例如：copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns ('.pyc', 'tmp'))

def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
"""Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
that are used to exclude files"""
def _ignore_patterns(path, names):ignored_names = []for pattern in patterns:ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))return set(ignored_names)
return _ignore_patterns

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None): """Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().

The destination directory must not already exist.
If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
links are copied.The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it
is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory
being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of
`src` contents, as returned by os.listdir():callable(src, names) -> ignored_namesSince copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be
called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a
list of names relative to the `src` directory that should
not be copied.XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool."""
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:ignored_names = set()os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:if name in ignored_names:continuesrcname = os.path.join(src, name)dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)try:if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):linkto = os.readlink(srcname)os.symlink(linkto, dstname)elif os.path.isdir(srcname):copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)else:# Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file typescopy2(srcname, dstname)# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can# continue with other filesexcept Error, err:errors.extend(err.args[0])except EnvironmentError, why:errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
try:copystat(src, dst)
except OSError, why:if WindowsError is not None and isinstance(why, WindowsError):# Copying file access times may fail on Windowspasselse:errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:raise Error, errors

shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]]) 递归的去删除文件

def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
"""Recursively delete a directory tree.If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror
is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func,
path, exc_info) where func is os.listdir, os.remove, or os.rmdir;
path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and
exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info().  If ignore_errors
is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised."""
if ignore_errors:def onerror(*args):pass
elif onerror is None:def onerror(*args):raise
try:if os.path.islink(path):# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())# can't continue even if onerror hook returnsreturn
names = []
try:names = os.listdir(path)
except os.error, err:onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
for name in names:fullname = os.path.join(path, name)try:mode = os.lstat(fullname).st_modeexcept os.error:mode = 0if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror)else:try:os.remove(fullname)except os.error, err:onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
try:os.rmdir(path)
except os.error:onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())

shutil.move(src, dst)递归的去移动文件

def move(src, dst):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command.If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist.If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed.
A lot more could be done here...  A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over."""
real_dst = dst
if os.path.isdir(dst):if _samefile(src, dst):# We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,# perform the rename anyway.os.rename(src, dst)returnreal_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))if os.path.exists(real_dst):raise Error, "Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst
try:os.rename(src, real_dst)
except OSError:if os.path.isdir(src):if _destinsrc(src, dst):raise Error, "Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself '%s'." % (src, dst)copytree(src, real_dst, symlinks=True)rmtree(src)else:copy2(src, real_dst)os.unlink(src)

shutil.makearchive(basename, format,...) 创建压缩包并返回文件路径，例如：zip、tar

  1. base_name： 压缩包的文件名，也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时，则保存至当前目录，否则保存至指定路径， 如：www =>保存至当前路径 如：/Users/wupeiqi/www =>保存至/Users/wupeiqi/
  2. format： 压缩包种类，“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”，“gztar”
  3. root_dir： 要压缩的文件夹路径（默认当前目录）
  4. owner： 用户，默认当前用户
  5. group： 组，默认当前组

  6. logger： 用于记录日志，通常是logging.Logger对象

    import shutil shutil.make_archive('hello','zip',r'C:\Users\My\PycharmProjects\ATM\wjtest')

源码

def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific
extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "bztar"
or "gztar".'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the
archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the
archive.  'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from;
ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and
directories in the archive.  'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default
to the current directory.  Returns the name of the archive file.'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default,
uses the current owner and group.
"""
save_cwd = os.getcwd()
if root_dir is not None:if logger is not None:logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir)base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)if not dry_run:os.chdir(root_dir)if base_dir is None:base_dir = os.curdirkwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger}try:format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:raise ValueError, "unknown archive format '%s'" % formatfunc = format_info[0]
for arg, val in format_info[1]:kwargs[arg] = valif format != 'zip':kwargs['owner'] = ownerkwargs['group'] = grouptry:filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)
finally:if root_dir is not None:if logger is not None:logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd)os.chdir(save_cwd)return filename

shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的，详细：

#zip压缩
import zipfile
z=zipfile.ZipFile('hello.zip','w')
z.write('name.xml')
z.write('name2.xml')
z.close()
# 解压
z = zipfile.ZipFile('hello.zip', 'r')
z.extractall()
z.close()import tarfile# tar压缩
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','w')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.zip', arcname='bbs2.zip')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.zip', arcname='cmdb.zip')
tar.close()# 解压
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar','r')
tar.extractall()  # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/dcotorbool/p/7007820.html

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