开放式式商业模式

Over-the-ear headphones (or, for the terminology-loving, circumaural headphones) come in two primary flavors: open-back and closed-back. Before you sink some serious cash into a nice pair of headphones, it pays to know the difference.

耳挂式耳机(或热爱术语的环耳式耳机)有两种主要风格：开放式和封闭式。 在您花大量钱购买一副漂亮的耳机之前，先了解一下它们之间的区别是有必要的。

Open-back headphones are designed so that the outer shell of the ear covering is perforated in some fashion, typically with horizontal cutouts. Closed-back headphones have a solid outer shell with no perforations of any sort such that the shell effectively cups the entire ear. Think of open-back models as having a colander-like-shell (lots of openings) and closed-back models as having a mixing-bowl-shell (solid construction from edge to edge, no openings).

开放式耳机的设计使耳罩的外壳以某种方式打Kong，通常带有水平切口。 封闭式耳机的外壳坚固，没有任何形式的穿Kong，因此可以有效地罩住整个耳朵。 可以将开放式模型视为具有漏勺状壳(有许多开口)，将封闭式模型视为具有混合碗状壳(从边缘到边缘的坚固构造，无开口)。

Now, while the terminology corresponds clearly to the physical design of the headphones, it doesn’t do a very good job indicating what exactly those designs provide in terms of listening experience. Let’s take a look at the benefits and drawbacks of the two design types, starting with closed-back (the most common design).

现在，虽然术语显然与耳机的物理设计相对应，但它不能很好地说明这些设计在聆听体验方面所提供的功能。 让我们看一下这两种设计类型的优缺点，从封闭式(最常见的设计)开始。

封闭式耳机 (Closed-back Headphones)

Closed-back headphones excel at isolating noise. Note, we’re not talking about active-noise-canceling technology (although there are plenty of closed-headphones that have that feature), but just the very physical structure of the closed-back over-the-head design: there’s a big pad that cups your ear and an insulated shell of plastic that covers your ears. By virtue of that alone, most closed-back over-the-ear headphones provide around 10dB of noise reduction. Once you plug the headphones in and turn up the music, the presence of the music combined with that light noise isolation does a pretty good job of, in most applications, dampening the sounds of the outside world and bringing the sounds of the music to the forefront.

封闭式耳机擅长隔离噪音。 请注意，我们并不是在谈论主动降噪技术(尽管有很多具有这种功能的封闭式耳机)，而只是封闭式头戴式耳机设计的物理结构：可以罩住您的耳朵的护垫和覆盖耳朵的塑料绝缘外壳。 仅凭这一点，大多数封闭式耳挂式耳机即可降低约10dB的噪音。 一旦插入耳机并打开音乐，音乐的存在与光噪声隔离的结合就可以很好地完成大多数应用中的外界声音，并将音乐声音带入音乐环境。最前沿。

That right there is the primary benefit of closed-back over-the-ear headphones: they do a great job removing your from the noise of your environment and bathing your ears in the sound of the music. If you were, for example, sitting on your porch in the summertime listening to music with this style of headphones on all the light ambient noise around you (birds chirping, traffic in the distance, the sound of the wind rustling the leaves, and such) would be strongly dampened or entirely removed.

没错，封闭式耳罩式耳机的主要优点是：它们在将您从环境噪音中清除并使您的耳朵在音乐声中发挥着出色的作用。 例如，如果您夏天坐在夏天的门廊上，戴着这种耳机聆听音乐，就可以发现周围的所有周围环境噪音(鸟鸣，远处的交通，风沙沙作响的声音等等) )会被强烈润湿或完全去除。

Audiophiles describe this experience as the music being “in your head” or, to describe it in a related fashion, it’s like you’re imagining the music and hearing it like your own thoughts: a sort of auditory dream.

音响发烧友将这种体验描述为音乐“在您的脑海中”，或者用一种相关的方式描述它，就像您正在想象音乐并以自己的想法聆听音乐一样：一种听觉上的梦想。

Not only do many people like that sort of in-the-head intimacy, it’s also great when the listener needs to really focus on the technical aspects of the music (audio engineers doing studio work, for example, wear closed-back headphones for this reason) and it’s great when you don’t want to bother other people with your music. If you plan on using your headphones primarily while studying at the library, commuting on the subway, or any other place where the people sitting near you might not share your love of screamo music, it’s wise to use a pair of close-back headphones. Closed-back headphones are also good when you’re using a microphone for any purpose (gaming, video-conferences, etc.) as they prevent the sound from leaking out and creating feedback when picked up by the microphone.

许多人不仅喜欢这种与头戴式的亲密关系，而且当聆听者需要真正专注于音乐的技术方面时(例如，从事录音室工作的音频工程师为此戴上封闭式耳机)，这也很棒。原因)，当您不想用音乐打扰其他人时，这很棒。 如果您打算主要在图书馆学习，乘地铁上下班或在附近其他地方可能无法分享您对尖叫音乐的喜爱的任何其他地方使用耳机，明智的做法是使用一对封闭式耳机。 当您将麦克风用于任何目的(游戏，视频会议等)时，封闭式耳机也很不错，因为它们可以防止声音泄漏并在被麦克风拾起时产生反馈。

Our two example headphones, seen in the image above, are the Sony MDR7506 and the https://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATH-M50x-Professional-Monitor-Headphones/dp/B00HVLUR86/ref=dp_ob_title_ceAudio-Technica ATH-M50x. The Sony model is an industry workhorse (once you recognize the shape and styling of it, you’ll see it everywhere) and a great value at $80; the Audio-Technica model is also a great value with excellent sound reproduction for only around $140.

如上图所示，我们的两个示例耳机是Sony MDR7506和https://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATH-M50x-Professional-Monitor-Headphones/dp/B00HVLUR86/ref=dp_ob_title_ceAudio-Technica ATH-M50x。 索尼的型号是工业的主力军(一旦您意识到它的形状和样式，便会在任何地方看到它)，并且价格高达80美元； Audio-Technica型号也很有价值，而且声音再现效果很好，仅售140美元左右。

后置式耳机 (Open-back Headphones)

If the strong point of closed-back headphones is that they both isolate the outside noise and capture (and reflect) the noise created by the headphones themselves, the strong point of open-back headphones is exactly the opposite. The perforations/grills on open-back headphones allow air and sound to pass freely in and out of the headphone cups.

如果封闭式耳机的优点是它们既可以隔离外界噪声并捕获(并反射)耳机本身产生的噪声，则开放式耳机的优点正好相反。 开放式耳机上的Kong眼/格栅使空气和声音自由进出耳机罩。

The benefit of this design is that it significantly alters the listening experience. Instead of the “in your head” experience that closed-back headphones provide (because they isolate you from the ambient noise), open-back headphones provide a “in the world around me” listening experience. Let’s return to that summer porch to highlight how that experience plays out. When you sit on the porch with your closed-back headphones the sounds around you are dampened or completely removed; it’s as if you were plucked from your porch swing and stuck right into the listening booth at the studio with the audio engineers. When you sit on the porch with open-back headphones, the sounds around you bleed into the headphones. The cars in the distance, the birds chirping,  and the rustle of the wind all travel to your ear just like they would if the headphones were off your head.

这种设计的好处在于，它极大地改变了聆听体验。 封闭式耳机提供了“我周围的世界”的聆听体验，而不是封闭式耳机提供的“在您头上”的体验(因为它们使您与周围的噪音隔绝了)。 让我们回到那个夏天的门廊，重点介绍一下这种体验如何发挥。 当您戴着封闭式耳机坐在门廊上时，周围的声音会被减弱或完全消除。 仿佛您从走廊的Swing上拔了下来，并与音频工程师一起被困在录音室的监听室中。 当您坐在带有开放式耳机的门廊上时，周围的声音会渗入耳机。 远处的汽车，鸣叫的鸟叫声以及沙沙作响的沙沙声都在耳边传播，就像头戴耳机掉在头上一样。

Now, for those who have used in-ear or closed-back over-the-ear headphones their entire lives (and have grown used to the lost-in-my-headphones effect those kind of headphones provide) the idea of sound leaking into the headphones might sound awful. The benefit of such a design, however, is a feeling of an increased space. Instead of feeling like you’re right there in the studio booth, it feels like the musicians are sitting around you on the porch, right there in your environment playing. This openness and sense that the music is around you and not in your head makes open-back headphones a popular choice for serious listeners looking to maximize their enjoyment listening to albums at home.

现在，对于那些一生都使用入耳式或封闭式入耳式耳机的人(并且已经习惯了这类耳机所提供的“迷失在我的耳机中”的效果)，声音泄漏的想法就变成了耳机可能听起来很糟糕。 但是，这种设计的好处是增加了空间。 感觉就像音乐家们坐在门廊周围，就在您所处环境中的演奏中，而不是让您感觉自己像在录音室的展位里一样。 这种开放性和音乐在您身边而不是在您头上的感觉，使后置式耳机成为认真聆听者的热门选择，这些聆听者希望最大程度地享受在家中欣赏专辑的乐趣。

We framed that last sentence in terms of “at home” because the leaky nature of the open-back headphone makes them very poor for places outside your home or private spaces (like an office at work with closed door). You can clearly hear the audio from open-back headphones outside the headphones, especially in a quiet environment. Although the listening experience with open-back headphones is pretty fantastic, it’s also far too open for the library, commuting, or anywhere else it would be inappropriate to, say, use your cellphone’s speaker or a portable Bluetooth speaker to blast your tunes.

我们将最后一句话用“在家”来圈定，因为开放式耳机的漏气特性使其在您家外或私人空间(例如办公室中有密闭的办公室)中变得非常差。 您可以清晰地听到耳机外的后置式耳机的音频，尤其是在安静的环境中。 尽管使用后置式耳机的聆听体验非常棒，但对于图书馆，通勤或其他不适合使用手机扬声器或便携式蓝牙扬声器播放音乐的地方来说，它也是如此开放。

Our two example headphones, seen in the photo above are the Beyerdynamic DT-990 and the Audio-Technica ATH-AD900x. The Beyerdynamic model is a personal favorite of ours: the headphones are astonishingly comfortable, sound great, and are a fantastic value as they can typically be snapped up for $125-150.

如上图所示，我们的两个耳机示例为Beyerdynamic DT-990和Audio-Technica ATH-AD900x 。 Beyerdynamic型号是我们个人最喜欢的：耳机令人惊讶的舒适，听起来很棒，而且物有所值，因为通常可以125-150美元的价格购得。

买哪个？ (Which to Buy?)

Now that we’ve learned a little about the differences between the two headphones types, we’re back to your original concern: which type to buy. Although listening enjoyment should always be the primary concern in terms of headphone purchases, this particular open-versus-closed debate actually shifts another consideration to the forefront. Your primary concern should be where you’re going to be using the headphones. Open-back headphones, for all their awesome open sound, are a terrible choice if you’re frequently going to be in mixed company (an open-floor office, commuting on the subway, etc.); no matter how great they sound there’s no way to get around how rude it is to blast your tunes off your head like you’re wearing some sort of speaker-studded helmet.

现在我们已经了解了两种耳机类型之间的区别，我们回到了您最初的担心：要购买哪种类型。 尽管就耳机的购买而言，聆听乐趣应该始终是首要关注的问题，但这种特殊的开放与封闭的辩论实际上将另一个考虑因素转移到了最前沿。 你最关心的应该是你要去的地方要使用耳机。 如果您经常要在混合公司(露天办公室，在地铁上下班等)中，开放式耳机具有出色的开放声音，是一个糟糕的选择。 不管它们的声音多么好听，都无法绕开像戴着头戴扬声器的头盔之类的声音将它从头顶吹出来是多么粗鲁。

Once you’ve considered the primary use location, then it becomes a personal preference. Some people love the isolation the in-your-head effect of closed-back headphones provide and they want to be able to close their eyes and get lost in the music wherever they are. Other people prefer the (we think rather magical) effect of wearing open-back headphones and feeling as if the band they’re listening to has been transported right to the room they’re sitting in.

一旦考虑了主要使用位置，便成为个人喜好。 某些人喜欢封闭式耳机在您的头上产生的隔离效果，因此他们希望能够闭上眼睛，无论身在何处，都会迷失在音乐中。 其他人更喜欢戴着开放式耳机的效果(我们认为这很神奇)，并且感觉好像他们正在收听的乐队已被直接传送到他们所坐的房间。

Before committing to a pair of headphones one way or the other, however, we’d strongly suggest branching out beyond your big box electronics store shopping experience and seeing if there are any small-time record shops, music stores, instrument stores, or other shops in your area that are both more knowledgeable about headphones and will have a variety of headphones for you to try out. Good luck in your quest for the perfect cans!

但是，在以一种或另一种方式配戴一副耳机之前，我们强烈建议您扩展到大型电子产品商店的购物体验之外，并查看是否有任何小型唱片店，音乐商店，乐器商店或其他您所在地区的商店都比较了解耳机，并且会提供各种耳机供您试用。 祝您寻找完美的罐头好运！

Have a pressing tech question about headphones, computers, or any other geeky pursuit you’re curious about? Shoot us an email at ask@howtogeek.com and we’ll do our best to answer it.

对耳机，计算机或您好奇的其他怪异事物有迫切的技术问题吗？ 向我们发送电子邮件至ask@howtogeek.com，我们将尽力答复。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/191416/ask-htg-whats-the-difference-between-open-back-and-closed-back-headphones-and-which-should-i-get/

开放式式商业模式