ftp服务器的搭建与使用

前面是废话，操作可以直接看最后，直接输入命令

1. ftp简介

ftp，即文件传输，它是INTERNET上仍然常用的最老的网络协议之一，它为系统提供了通过网络与远程服务器传输的简单方法，FTP服务器包的名称为vsftpd。

2.ftp 的安装配置

安装：#yum install -y vsftpd
修改配置文件：vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
关防火墙：vi /etc/selinux/config — SELINUX=disabled

查看是否安装：ftp rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
安装：ftp yum -y install vsftpd
卸载： rpm -e vsftpd
启动/关闭： systemctl start/stop vsftpd
重启：systemctl restart vsftpd
查看状态：systemctl status vsftpd
开机自启：systemctl enable vsftpd.service
创建ftp用户：useradd -d /home/test test
限定用户不能登录，只能ftp： usermod -s /sbin/nologin test
设置用户密码：passwd test

修改配置文件：vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO （修改）
chroot_local_user=YES（修改）
chroot_list_enable=YES （修改）
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list （修改）
allow_writeable_chroot=YES （新增）
userlist_deny=NO （新增）
reverse_lookup_enable=NO （新增）

vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list将test用户加入进去
vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list将test用户加入进去

通过搭配能实现以下几种效果：
①当chroot_list_enable=YES，chroot_local_user=YES时，在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件中列出的用户，可以切换到其他目录；未在文件中列出的用户，不能切换到其他目录。
②当chroot_list_enable=YES，chroot_local_user=NO时，在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件中列出的用户，不能切换到其他目录；未在文件中列出的用户，可以切换到其他目录。
③当chroot_list_enable=NO，chroot_local_user=YES时，所有的用户均不能切换到其他目录。
④当chroot_list_enable=NO，chroot_local_user=NO时，所有的用户均可以切换到其他目录

3.ftp 测试登录

直接输入下面的命令：

yum install -y vsftpdvi /etc/selinux/config  --- SELINUX=disabledsystemctl restart vsftpd查看状态：systemctl status vsftpd开机自启：systemctl enable vsftpd.serviceuseradd -d /home/test test限定用户不能登录，只能ftp： usermod -s /sbin/nologin test设置用户密码 ：passwd testvim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list将test用户加入进去#文件里面的内容
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YESpam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YESuse_localtime=YES
reverse_lookup_enable=NOvim /etc/shells
/sbin/nologin

主机名就是自己的IP地址，用户名是自己在上面设置的test，密码是自己设置的