蓝牙通信简介

什么是蓝牙通信

首先要知道几个类，BluetoothAdapter，BluetoothGatt，BluetoothDevice，BluetoothCattService，BluetoothCattCharacteristic。
BluetoothAdapter是蓝牙设配器，对蓝牙的操作都需要用到它，很重要,BluetoothGatt作为中央来使用和处理数据，使用时有一个回调方法BluetoothGattCallback返回中央的状态和周边提供的数据，BluetoothCattService作为周边来提供数据；BluetoothGattServerCallback返回周边的状态。BluetoothDevice是蓝牙设备，BluetoothCattCharacteristic是蓝牙设备的特征。
Android 平台包含蓝牙网络堆栈支持，此支持能让设备以无线方式与其他蓝牙设备交换数据。应用框架提供通过 Android Bluetooth API 访问蓝牙功能的权限。这些 API 允许应用以无线方式连接到其他蓝牙设备，从而实现点到点和多点无线功能。
原理：蓝牙通信和socket通信原理基本上是一致的

蓝牙通信的过程

1.首先开启蓝牙
2.搜索可用设备
3.创建蓝牙socket，获取输入输出流
4.读取和写入数据
5.断开连接关闭蓝牙

代码如下

客户端代码

package com.example.blue.connect;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;public class ConnectThread extends Thread {private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString(Constant.CONNECTTION_UUID);private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;private final Handler mHandler;private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device, BluetoothAdapter adapter, Handler handler) {BluetoothSocket tmp = null;mmDevice = device;mBluetoothAdapter = adapter;mHandler = handler;try {tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);} catch (IOException e) { }mmSocket = tmp;}public void run() {mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();try {mmSocket.connect();} catch (Exception connectException) {mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.MSG_ERROR, connectException));try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException closeException) { }return;}manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);}private void manageConnectedSocket(BluetoothSocket mmSocket) {mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.MSG_CONNECTED_TO_SERVER);mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(mmSocket, mHandler);mConnectedThread.start();}public void cancel() {try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) { }}public void sendData(byte[] data) {if( mConnectedThread!=null){mConnectedThread.write(data);}}
}

服务端代码

package com.example.blue.connect;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;//服务器端线程
public class AcceptThread extends Thread {private static final String NAME = "BlueToothClass";private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString(Constant.CONNECTTION_UUID);private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;private final BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;private final Handler mHandler;private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;public AcceptThread(BluetoothAdapter adapter, Handler handler) {mBluetoothAdapter = adapter;mHandler = handler;BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;try {tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);} catch (IOException e) { }mmServerSocket = tmp;}public void run() {BluetoothSocket socket = null;while (true) {try {mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.MSG_START_LISTENING);socket = mmServerSocket.accept();} catch (IOException e) {mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.MSG_ERROR, e));break;}if (socket != null) {manageConnectedSocket(socket);try {mmServerSocket.close();mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.MSG_FINISH_LISTENING);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}break;}}}private void manageConnectedSocket(BluetoothSocket socket) {//只支持同时处理一个连接if( mConnectedThread != null) {mConnectedThread.cancel();}mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.MSG_GOT_A_CLINET);mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket, mHandler);mConnectedThread.start();}public void cancel() {try {mmServerSocket.close();mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.MSG_FINISH_LISTENING);} catch (IOException e) { }}public void sendData(byte[] data) {if( mConnectedThread!=null){mConnectedThread.write(data);}}
}

共同处理通讯处理类代码

package com.example.blue.connect;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;public class ConnectedThread extends Thread {private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;private final InputStream mmInStream;private final OutputStream mmOutStream;private final Handler mHandler;public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket, Handler handler) {mmSocket = socket;InputStream tmpIn = null;OutputStream tmpOut = null;mHandler = handler;try {tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();} catch (IOException e) { }mmInStream = tmpIn;mmOutStream = tmpOut;}public void run() {byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytes;//一直读数据while (true) {try {bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);if( bytes >0) {Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.MSG_GOT_DATA, new String(buffer, 0, bytes, "utf-8"));mHandler.sendMessage(message);}Log.d("GOTMSG", "message size" + bytes);} catch (IOException e) {mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.MSG_ERROR, e));break;}}}//发送数据public void write(byte[] bytes) {try {mmOutStream.write(bytes);} catch (IOException e) { }}public void cancel() {try {mmSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) { }}
}

Constant常量类代码

public class Constant {public static final String CONNECTTION_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";/*** 开始监听*/public static final int MSG_START_LISTENING = 1;/*** 结束监听*/public static final int MSG_FINISH_LISTENING = 2;/*** 有客户端连接*/public static final int MSG_GOT_A_CLINET = 3;/*** 连接到服务器*/public static final int MSG_CONNECTED_TO_SERVER = 4;/*** 获取到数据*/public static final int MSG_GOT_DATA = 5;/*** 出错*/public static final int MSG_ERROR = -1;}

BlueToothController蓝牙控制类代码

public class BlueToothController {private BluetoothAdapter mAapter;public BlueToothController() {mAapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();}public BluetoothAdapter getAdapter() {return mAapter;}/*** 打开蓝牙* @param activity* @param requestCode*/public void turnOnBlueTooth(Activity activity, int requestCode) {Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);activity.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
//        mAdapter.enable();}/*** 打开蓝牙可见性* @param context*/public void enableVisibly(Context context) {Intent discoverableIntent = newIntent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);context.startActivity(discoverableIntent);}/*** 查找设备*/public void findDevice() {assert (mAapter != null);mAapter.startDiscovery();}/*** 获取绑定设备* @return*/public List<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDeviceList() {return new ArrayList<>(mAapter.getBondedDevices());}
}

蓝牙设备adaptor代码DeviceAdapter

public class DeviceAdapter extends BaseAdapter {private Context mContext;private List<BluetoothDevice> mDate;public DeviceAdapter(List<BluetoothDevice> Date, Context context){mDate = Date;mContext = context;}@Overridepublic int getCount() {return mDate.size();}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return mDate.get(position);}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return position;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {ViewHolder viewHolder = null;if(convertView==null){viewHolder = new ViewHolder();convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.deviceadapter_layout,null);viewHolder.textView1 = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textview1);viewHolder.textView2 = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textview2);convertView.setTag(viewHolder);}else{viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();}//获取蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = (BluetoothDevice) getItem(position);viewHolder.textView1.setText("Name="+bluetoothDevice.getName());viewHolder.textView2.setText("Address"+bluetoothDevice.getAddress());return convertView;}public class ViewHolder{public TextView textView1;public  TextView textView2;}public void refresh(List<BluetoothDevice> data){mDate = data;notifyDataSetChanged();}
}

运行结果截图

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