sshpass 使Linux可以明文参数输入SSH密码

这几天配置一台服务器，在某云平台创建云服务器后，生成了巨长、巨复杂的一串密码，在输入几十次密码后，依然是密码错误。这时候就想如果密码是非交互式输入，可以将密码做为参数或从文件输入就太好了。sshpass就是一款密码输入辅助工具，它可以从命令行明文参数、文件或环境变量中指定密码，从而避免交互式密码输入。

1. sshpass安装

首先从以下网址下载sshpass源码：

https://sourceforge.net/projects/sshpass/

下载后解码压，然后进入源码目录：

tar -zxvf sshpass-1.06.tar.gz

cd sshpass-1.06

./configure

make &&make install

详细操作下：

[[email protected]_syslog src]# ls

sshpass_1.06.orig.tar.gz

[[email protected]_syslog src]# tar xf sshpass_1.06.orig.tar.gz

[[email protected]_syslog src]# ls

sshpass-1.06  sshpass_1.06.orig.tar.gz

[[email protected]_syslog src]# cd sshpass-1.06/

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# ls

aclocal.m4  compile      configure.ac  INSTALL     Makefile.am  NEWS

AUTHORS     config.h.in  COPYING       install-sh  Makefile.in  README

ChangeLog   configure    depcomp       main.c      missing      sshpass.1

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# ./configure

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# make && make install

在Mac系统下，也可以使用brew安装：

brew install sshpass

2. sshpass的参数

sshpass安装后，可以在控制台输入sshpass命令查看所有选项参数：

$ sshpass

Usage: sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters

-f filename   Take password to use from file

-d number     Use number as file descriptor for getting password

-p password   Provide password as argument (security unwise)

-e            Password is passed as env-var "SSHPASS"

With no parameters - password will be taken from stdin

-P prompt     Which string should sshpass search for to detect a password prompt

-v            Be verbose about what you‘re doing

-h            Show help (this screen)

-V            Print version information

At most one of -f, -d, -p or -e should be used

如上所示，command parameters为你要执行的需要交互式输入密码的命令，如：ssh、scp等。当sshpass没有指定参数时会从stdin获取密码，几个密码输入相关参数如下：

-f filename：从文件中获取密码

-d number：使用数字作为获取密码的文件描述符

-p password：指定明文本密码输入(安全性较差)

-e：从环境变量SSHPASS获取密码

3. sshpass的使用

现有一台服务器登录密码是AHDXyjs2012，登陆的IP为172.17.9.200。使用sshpass的几种录方式如下。

1．将密码写入文件，并从文件获取登录密码：

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass echo "AHDXyjs2012" > user.passwd

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass -f user.passwd ssh [email protected]

Last login: Wed Dec  7 10:40:13 2016 from 172.17.9.206

2．以明文的方式输入密码：

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass -p AHDXyjs2012 ssh [email protected]

Last login: Wed Dec  7 11:00:12 2016 from 172.17.9.206

3．从环境变量中获取密码：

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]#  export SSHPASS="AHDXyjs2012"

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass -e ssh [email protected]

Last login: Wed Dec  7 11:02:34 2016 from 172.17.9.207

4.远程执行命令

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass -p AHDXyjs2012 ssh [email protected] "ifconfig|grep inet"

inet 172.17.9.200  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 172.17.9.255

inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb0:710e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20

inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10

inet 172.17.9.208  netmask 255.255.255.255

inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255

5. 远程执行脚本

n远端的新建脚本

[[email protected]_tomcat ~]# ll /opt/test.sh

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Dec  7 11:18 /opt/test.sh

[[email protected]_tomcat ~]# cat /opt/test.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo "this test for remote"

ifconfig | grep inet

n本地端执行远端程序

[[email protected]_syslog sshpass-1.06]# sshpass -p AHDXyjs2012 ssh [email protected] "sh /opt/test.sh"

this test for remote

inet 172.17.9.200  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 172.17.9.255

inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb0:710e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20

inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10

inet 172.17.9.208  netmask 255.255.255.255

inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255

此时说明，已经执行了远端程序。

4.Sshpass 软件包