sql azure 语法

In the previous article, Migrating SQL workloads to Microsoft Azure: Planning the jump, we discussed the main points that should be checked and considered while drawing your plan to migrate the SQL workload from the on-premises datacenters to Microsoft Azure. In this article, we will go through the different database services that are provided by Microsoft Azure to help you in selecting the proper service that can serve your SQL workload when migrating it to Microsoft Azure.

在上一篇文章“将SQL工作负载迁移到Microsoft Azure：规划跳转”中 ，我们讨论了在制定将SQL工作负载从本地数据中心迁移到Microsoft Azure的计划时应检查并考虑的要点。 在本文中，我们将介绍Microsoft Azure提供的各种数据库服务，以帮助您选择合适的服务，以在将SQL工作负载迁移到Microsoft Azure时为其提供服务。

IaaS或PaaS (IaaS or PaaS)

Before choosing the suitable Microsoft Azure database service that meets your requirements, you need to specify the suitable Azure platform. Microsoft Azure provides two high-level platform options: Infrastructure as a Services, also known as IaaS and Platform as a Service, also known as PaaS. The platform choice specifies the Azure services that can be used and the control that you can have over the services under that platform.

在选择满足您要求的合适的Microsoft Azure数据库服务之前，您需要指定合适的Azure平台。 Microsoft Azure提供了两个高级平台选项：基础架构即服务，也称为IaaS和平台即服务，也称为PaaS。 平台选择指定了可以使用的Azure服务以及对该平台下服务的控制权。

Choosing the IaaS platform, you are renting the IT infrastructure servers and virtual machines from the cloud provider. This includes storage, networks, and operating systems. With this platform, you are still responsible for and have control over the Operating System layer and all layers over the OS, including the installation of the services, the operating system patching, and so on.

选择IaaS平台 ，您要从云提供商租用IT基础架构服务器和虚拟机。 这包括存储，网络和操作系统。 使用此平台，您仍将负责并控制操作系统层和操作系统上的所有层，包括服务的安装，操作系统修补等。

On the other hand, the PaaS platform provides you with the ability of building, testing, and deploying your applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure management. In other words, you are not responsible for installing an operating system or patching the machine with the latest security and system updates.

另一方面， PaaS平台为您提供了构建，测试和部署应用程序的能力，而无需担心基础架构的管理。 换句话说，您不负责安装操作系统或使用最新的安全性和系统更新来修补计算机。

The following image shows your responsibilities, in light blue, and the list of layers that you don’t need to worry about, in dark blue, where the cloud service provider, Microsoft for example, is responsible for managing the tasks fall under that layer. You can see that you are responsible for everything when hosting your databases in your datacenter, requiring multiple teams to handle these tasks, which is not possible for the start-up and small companies, as shown below:

下图以浅蓝色显示了您的职责，以深蓝色显示了您无需担心的层列表，例如，由云服务提供商（例如Microsoft）负责管理属于该层的任务。 您可以看到，将数据库托管在数据中心中时，您需要负责所有工作，这需要多个团队来处理这些任务，这对于初创公司和小型公司是不可能的，如下所示：

Microsoft Azure数据库服务 (Microsoft Azure Database Services)

Now we are familiar with the difference between the platforms provided by Microsoft Azure. We need to identify the database services that are provided under each platform.

现在，我们熟悉了Microsoft Azure提供的平台之间的区别。 我们需要确定每个平台下提供的数据库服务。

In the IaaS platform, you can rent a virtual machine and install your SQL Server instance in that machine, where you will be responsible for the Operating System and SQL Server installation and administration tasks under that service.

在IaaS平台上，您可以租用虚拟机并在该计算机上安装SQL Server实例，在该计算机上您将负责该服务下的操作系统以及SQL Server的安装和管理任务。

Moving to PaaS, you can see that Microsoft Azure provides you with different choices based on your workload type. For example, you can use Azure SQL Database or Azure SQL Managed Instance for your transactional SQL workload and use Azure Cosmos DB for your No-SQL transactional workload. For the analytical workload, you can use the Azure SQL Data Warehouse instance, under the Azure Synapse Analytics service.

转到PaaS，您可以看到Microsoft Azure根据您的工作负载类型为您提供了不同的选择。 例如，您可以将Azure SQL数据库或Azure SQL托管实例用于事务SQL工作负载，并将Azure Cosmos DB用于No-SQL事务工作负载。 对于分析工作负载，可以使用Azure Synapse Analytics服务下的Azure SQL数据仓库实例。

Let us discuss each SQL database service provided by Microsoft Azure briefly.

让我们简要讨论Microsoft Azure提供的每个SQL数据库服务。

Azure VM上SQL Server (SQL Server on Azure VM)

The IaaS platform provides you with the ability to install and run your SQL Server instance in a fully managed Azure virtual machine. This option is the best choice when you plan to perform a lift-and-shift from your on-prem environment to Microsoft Azure with the minimal possible changes on your applications and databases schema, providing you with full control over the SQL Server instance and the Operating System management and security configurations, allowing you to host any number of user databases on that SQL Server VM, and provide you with the ability to configure customized high availability and disaster recovery solution.

IaaS平台使您能够在完全托管的Azure虚拟机中安装和运行SQL Server实例。 当您计划在应用程序和数据库架构上进行尽可能少的更改时，此选项是计划从本地环境迁移到Microsoft Azure的最佳选择，从而使您可以完全控制SQL Server实例和数据库。操作系统管理和安全性配置，使您可以在该SQL Server VM上托管任意数量的用户数据库，并可以配置自定义的高可用性和灾难恢复解决方案。

SQL Server on Azure VM is suitable for you if your company already has IT teams to administrate that virtual machine from OS, networking, and security perspectives. And you will be billed for both the storage used to store your data and the compute operations consumed on that VM.

如果您的公司已经有IT团队从OS，网络和安全角度管理该虚拟机，则Azure VM上SQL Server非常适合您。 您将需要为用于存储数据的存储以及该VM上消耗的计算操作付费。

Rather than waiting for the purchase approval for the new hardware, you can easily, in a few minutes, deploy a new virtual machine in Azure, install a new SQL Server instance using your own license and connect to that SQL Server instance, with the ability to scale it up and down based on your requirements, and stop it during the idle time and resume it again when needed.

无需等待购买新硬件的批准，您可以在几分钟内轻松地在Azure中部署新的虚拟机，使用自己的许可证安装新SQL Server实例并连接到该SQL Server实例，并具有以下能力：可以根据您的要求进行缩放，并在空闲时间将其停止，并在需要时再次进行恢复。

Azure SQL数据库 (Azure SQL Database)

Azure SQL Database, categorized under the PaaS platform, is a cloud-computing database service that provides you with the ability to host and use SQL databases in the cloud without worrying about the hardware and the software requirements. Although you are not responsible for the hardware security, the operating system patching and security, and the database files, that are encrypted at rest using the TDE feature, you are still responsible for preventing unauthorized access to the data by limiting the allowed IP addresses from the firewall side and the authorized users from the database access and permissions configuration.

在PaaS平台下归类的Azure SQL数据库是一种云计算数据库服务，它使您能够在云中托管和使用SQL数据库，而不必担心硬件和软件要求。 尽管您不对使用TDE功能进行静态加密的硬件安全性，操作系统修补程序和安全性以及数据库文件负责，但是您仍然有责任通过限制允许的IP地址来防止未经授权访问数据。防火墙端和授权用户可以从数据库访问和权限配置。

Azure SQL Database provides us with many features, including the ability to automate the backup operation and keep your backup for up to 10 years, create a readable secondary replica to distribute the reporting workload to another datacenter, tune the performance automatically, Point-In-Time Restore, built-in high-availability, and the ability to scale the database resources on the fly up and down, by changing the Database Throughput Unit (DTU) value, and scale-out with no downtime, without the need to wait for any new hardware purchase order as in the on-prems scaling processes, as shown below:

Azure SQL数据库为我们提供了许多功能，包括能够自动执行备份操作并保持备份长达10年的能力，创建可读的辅助副本以将报告工作负载分配到另一个数据中心，自动调整性能，Point-In- Time Restore，内置的高可用性，以及通过更改数据库吞吐量单元（DTU）值来快速扩展和缩小数据库资源的能力，并且无需停机即可进行横向扩展，而无需等待像本地扩展过程中一样的任何新硬件采购订单，如下所示：

By providing the name of the database and a few other options, your database will be up and running and ready to serve your transactional workload in a few minutes. With no hardware or operating system to buy or manage, you will pay only for what you use. Feel free to use the Azure Total Cost of Ownership Calculator to estimate the cost of your PaaS service usage.

通过提供数据库名称和其他一些选项，您的数据库将启动并运行，并准备在几分钟内为您的事务性工作提供服务。 无需购买或管理任何硬件或操作系统，您只需支付使用的费用。 随时使用Azure总拥有成本计算器来估算PaaS服务使用成本。

Azure SQL Database can be deployed as a single database, purchased by DTU or vCore models, with its own set of resources managed by a logical SQL Server, that can be used when the database usage is stable. It can be also deployed using an elastic pool, purchased by eDTU or vCore models, that contains a group of databases that share the same set of resources and managed by a logical SQL Server, providing the best choice for the databases with frequently changing usage patterns. If your application surface area scoped at the database level, using the Azure SQL Database is the best choice.

Azure SQL数据库可以部署为由DTU或vCore模型购买的单个数据库，其自己的资源集由逻辑SQL Server管理，可以在数据库使用率稳定时使用。 也可以使用由eDTU或vCore模型购买的弹性池进行部署，该弹性池包含一组共享相同资源集并由逻辑SQL Server管理的数据库，从而为使用模式频繁变化的数据库提供了最佳选择。 。 如果您的应用程序范围在数据库级别范围内，则使用Azure SQL数据库是最佳选择。

Azure SQL托管实例 (Azure SQL Managed Instance)

Azure SQL Managed Instance is the best choice for migrating your transactional SQL workload to Microsoft Azure PaaS platform, with the minimal possible database changes. It provides all the benefits available in the Azure SQL Database with all other features provided by the SQL Server that is hosted on the Azure VM. This includes the SQL Agent that is used to manage, automate and schedule different types of tasks, the MSDTC that is responsible for managing the distributed transactions, Data Quality Service, Master Data Service, Database Mail, Filstream, FileTable, Polybase, and Linked Servers.

Azure SQL托管实例是将事务处理SQL工作负载迁移到Microsoft Azure PaaS平台的最佳选择，而对数据库的更改可能最少。 它提供了Azure SQL数据库中所有可用的好处以及由Azure VM上承载SQL Server提供的所有其他功能。 这包括用于管理，自动化和安排不同类型任务SQL代理，负责管理分布式事务的MSDTC，数据质量服务，主数据服务，数据库邮件，Filstream，FileTable，Polybase和链接服务器。

Azure SQL Managed Instance fits the applications with surface area scoped at the instance level. Where it provides an isolated environment, configurable backup retention and recovery, advanced workload analysis using Database Advisor and Log Analytics, automatic database tuning and maintenance, encryption of the data in transit and rest, and no patching and version upgrade overhead.

Azure SQL托管实例使应用程序的表面积在实例级别范围内。 它提供了一个隔离的环境，可配置的备份保留和恢复，使用Database Advisor和Log Analytics进行高级工作负载分析，自动数据库调优和维护，对传输和保留中的数据进行加密以及没有补丁和版本升级开销。

Azure SQL数据仓库 (Azure SQL Data Warehouse)

Azure SQL Data Warehouse, which is part of the Azure Synapse Analytics that combines the Azure Data Warehouse, the Big Data analytics capabilities, and the data integration for data movements, is a cloud-based Enterprise Data Warehouse solution, that leverages Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) architecture in order to run complex analytical queries across large data quickly, as the data will be stored into the relational tables with columnar storage, reducing the data storage costs and improves query performance from hours to minutes.

Azure SQL数据仓库是Azure Synapse Analytics的一部分，结合了Azure数据仓库，大数据分析功能和用于数据移动的数据集成，是基于云的企业数据仓库解决方案，它利用了大规模并行处理（ MPP体系结构，以便快速对大数据进行复杂的分析查询，因为数据将通过列存储存储在关系表中，从而降低了数据存储成本，并将查询性能从数小时提高到数分钟。

Azure SQL Data Warehouse is suitable for the analytical workload that queries large data with the ability to scale the compute and storage resources individually, based on the workload requirements and pauses the computing resources when you don’t need it, to minimize the cost.

Azure SQL数据仓库适用于分析工作负载，该查询工作负载可以查询大数据，并可以根据工作负载要求分别扩展计算和存储资源，并在不需要时暂停计算资源，以最大程度地降低成本。

摘要 (Summary)

In this article, we went through the SQL database services that are provided by Microsoft Azure, making the decision of choosing the suitable Azure database service as a target for your SQL workload migration easier. In the next article, we will discuss the different tools that can be used to migrate your SQL workload to Azure. Stay tuned!

在本文中，我们介绍了Microsoft Azure提供SQL数据库服务，从而使选择合适的Azure数据库服务作为SQL工作负载迁移目标的决定变得更加容易。 在下一篇文章中，我们将讨论可用于将SQL工作负载迁移到Azure的不同工具。 敬请关注！

翻译自: https://www.sqlshack.com/migrating-sql-workloads-to-microsoft-azure-services-selection/

sql azure 语法