同事对一个测试库执行了升级操作，将9204数据库升级到了10201，升级后发现X_$BH和X_$KCBWDS视图状态不正确。

由于升级的时候没有参考Metalink的文档，而是直接使用DBUA升级造成了X_$BH和X_$KCBWDS的状态异常。其实造成这个问题的原因还是DBUA造成的。

先看一下问题：

SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM DBA_OBJECTS
  2  WHERE WNER = 'SYS'
  3  AND STATUS = 'INVALID';

OWNER                          OBJECT_NAME                    OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------
SYS                            X_$BH                          VIEW
SYS                            X_$KCBWDS                      VIEW

创始直接编译对象：

SQL> ALTER VIEW X_$BH COMPILE;

警告: 更改的视图带有编译错误。

SQL> SHOW ERR
没有错误。

也没有错误信息，检查一下视图的定义，并对比X$BH表结构，发现了异常：

SQL> SELECT TEXT FROM DBA_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME = 'X_$BH';

TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT "ADDR","INDX","INST_ID","HLADDR","BLSIZ","NXT_HASH","PRV_HASH","NXT_REPL"
,"PRV_REPL","FLAG","LRU_FLAG","TS#","FILE#","DBARFIL","DBABLK","CLASS","STATE","
MODE_HELD","CHANGES","CSTATE","X_TO_NULL","FORCED_READS","FORCED_WRITES","LE_ADD
R","DIRTY_QUEUE","SET_DS","OBJ","BA","CR_SCN_BAS","CR_SCN_WRP","CR_XID_USN","CR_
XID_SLT","CR_XID_SQN","CR_UBA_FIL","CR_UBA_BLK","CR_UBA_SEQ","CR_UBA_REC","CR_SF
L","LRBA_SEQ","LRBA_BNO","HSCN_BAS","HSCN_WRP","HSUB_SCN","RRBA_SEQ","RRBA_BNO",
"US_NXT","US_PRV","WA_NXT","WA_PRV","TCH","TIM" FROM X$BH

SQL> DESC X$BH
 名称                          是否为空? 类型
 ----------------------------- -------- -----------
 ADDR                                   RAW(8)
 INDX                                   NUMBER
 INST_ID                                NUMBER
 HLADDR                                 RAW(8)
 BLSIZ                                  NUMBER
 NXT_HASH                               RAW(8)
 PRV_HASH                               RAW(8)
 NXT_REPL                               RAW(8)
 PRV_REPL                               RAW(8)
 FLAG                                   NUMBER
 RFLAG                                  NUMBER
 SFLAG                                  NUMBER
 LRU_FLAG                               NUMBER
 TS#                                    NUMBER
 FILE#                                  NUMBER
 DBARFIL                                NUMBER
 DBABLK                                 NUMBER
 CLASS                                  NUMBER
 STATE                                  NUMBER
 MODE_HELD                              NUMBER
 CHANGES                                NUMBER
 CSTATE                                 NUMBER
 LE_ADDR                                RAW(8)
 DIRTY_QUEUE                            NUMBER
 SET_DS                                 RAW(8)
 OBJ                                    NUMBER
 BA                                     RAW(8)
 CR_SCN_BAS                             NUMBER
 CR_SCN_WRP                             NUMBER
 CR_XID_USN                             NUMBER
 CR_XID_SLT                             NUMBER
 CR_XID_SQN                             NUMBER
 CR_UBA_FIL                             NUMBER
 CR_UBA_BLK                             NUMBER
 CR_UBA_SEQ                             NUMBER
 CR_UBA_REC                             NUMBER
 CR_SFL                                 NUMBER
 CR_CLS_BAS                             NUMBER
 CR_CLS_WRP                             NUMBER
 LRBA_SEQ                               NUMBER
 LRBA_BNO                               NUMBER
 HSCN_BAS                               NUMBER
 HSCN_WRP                               NUMBER
 HSUB_SCN                               NUMBER
 US_NXT                                 RAW(8)
 US_PRV                                 RAW(8)
 WA_NXT                                 RAW(8)
 WA_PRV                                 RAW(8)
 OBJ_FLAG                               NUMBER
 TCH                                    NUMBER
 TIM                                    NUMBER

从表结果上可以看到10g的X_$BH字段已经发生了变化，原来9i的某些字段在10g中已经不存在了，比如：X_TO_NULL、FORCED_READS、FORCED_WRITES等。

查询metalink文档，发现需要在升级前将这些视图删除掉，否则会造成数据字典异常。

而Oracle提供的解决方法是删除问题视图。先声明一点下面的操作Oracle要求必须在技术支持的指导下来完成。本人不对下面的操作负责，不要在没有Oracle技术支持的情况下对正式环境执行下面的操作：

$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期三 12月 26 13:35:14 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP RESTRICT 
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 5083496448 bytes
Fixed Size                  2079736 bytes
Variable Size             872416264 bytes
Database Buffers         4194304000 bytes
Redo Buffers               14696448 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> DELETE FROM DEPENDENCY$
  2  WHERE D_OBJ# IN
  3  (SELECT OBJECT_ID FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME IN ('X_$BH', 'X_$KCBWDS') AND WNER = 'SYS');

已删除6行。

SQL> COMMIT;

提交完成。

SQL> DROP VIEW X_$BH;

视图已删除。

SQL> DROP VIEW X_$KCBWDS;

视图已删除。

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 5083496448 bytes
Fixed Size                  2079736 bytes
Variable Size             872416264 bytes
Database Buffers         4194304000 bytes
Redo Buffers               14696448 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。

Oracle的metalink文档至此就结果了，重启后发现问题确实已经“解决”：

SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM DBA_OBJECTS
  2  WHERE WNER = 'SYS'
  3  AND STATUS = 'INVALID';

未选定行

但是马上发现，问题虽然没有了，但是两个视图也没有了：

SQL> SELECT OBJECT_NAME, STATUS FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME = 'X_$BH';

未选定行

有问题就删除掉，这种解决问题的方法倒是也方便，此时，除了root用户外，其他用户访问X$BH都会报错：

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM X$BH;

COUNT(*)
----------
      3035

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SYS.X_$BH;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM SYS.X_$BH
                         *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在

SQL> CONN NDMAIN
输入口令:
已连接。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM X$BH;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM X$BH
                     *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00980: 同义词转换不再有效

稳妥起见，还是手工重建这两个删除掉的视图：

SQL> CONN / AS SYSDBA
已连接。
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW
  2  "SYS"."X_$BH" ("ADDR", "INDX", "INST_ID", "HLADDR", "BLSIZ", "NXT_HASH", "PRV_HASH",
  3  "NXT_REPL", "PRV_REPL", "FLAG", "RFLAG", "SFLAG", "LRU_FLAG", "TS#", "FILE#",
  4  "DBARFIL", "DBABLK", "CLASS", "STATE", "MODE_HELD", "CHANGES", "CSTATE", "LE_ADDR",
  5  "DIRTY_QUEUE", "SET_DS", "OBJ", "BA", "CR_SCN_BAS", "CR_SCN_WRP", "CR_XID_USN",
  6  "CR_XID_SLT", "CR_XID_SQN", "CR_UBA_FIL", "CR_UBA_BLK", "CR_UBA_SEQ", "CR_UBA_REC",
  7  "CR_SFL", "CR_CLS_BAS", "CR_CLS_WRP", "LRBA_SEQ", "LRBA_BNO", "HSCN_BAS", "HSCN_WRP",
  8  "HSUB_SCN", "US_NXT", "US_PRV", "WA_NXT", "WA_PRV", "OBJ_FLAG", "TCH","TIM")
  9  AS SELECT "ADDR","INDX","INST_ID","HLADDR","BLSIZ","NXT_HASH","PRV_HASH","NXT_REPL",
 10  "PRV_REPL","FLAG","RFLAG","SFLAG","LRU_FLAG","TS#","FILE#","DBARFIL","DBABLK","CLASS",
 11  "STATE","MODE_HELD","CHANGES","CSTATE","LE_ADDR","DIRTY_QUEUE","SET_DS","OBJ","BA",
 12  "CR_SCN_BAS","CR_SCN_WRP","CR_XID_USN","CR_XID_SLT","CR_XID_SQN","CR_UBA_FIL",
 13  "CR_UBA_BLK","CR_UBA_SEQ","CR_UBA_REC","CR_SFL","CR_CLS_BAS","CR_CLS_WRP","LRBA_SEQ",
 14  "LRBA_BNO","HSCN_BAS","HSCN_WRP","HSUB_SCN","US_NXT","US_PRV","WA_NXT","WA_PRV",
 15  "OBJ_FLAG","TCH","TIM" FROM X$BH
 16  ;

视图已创建。

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW "SYS"."X_$KCBWDS"
  2  ("ADDR", "INDX", "INST_ID", "SET_ID", "DBWR_NUM", "BLK_SIZE", "PROC_GROUP",
  3  "CNUM_SET", "FLAG", "CKPT_LATCH", "CKPT_LATCH1", "SET_LATCH", "NXT_REPL",
  4  "PRV_REPL", "NXT_REPLAX", "PRV_REPLAX", "CNUM_REPL", "ANUM_REPL", "COLD_HD",
  5  "HBMAX", "HBUFS", "NXT_WRITE", "PRV_WRITE", "NXT_WRITEAX", "PRV_WRITEAX",
  6  "CNUM_WRITE", "ANUM_WRITE", "NXT_XOBJ", "PRV_XOBJ", "NXT_XOBJAX", "PRV_XOBJAX",
  7  "CNUM_XOBJ", "ANUM_XOBJ", "NXT_XRNG", "PRV_XRNG", "NXT_XRNGAX", "PRV_XRNGAX",
  8  "CNUM_XRNG", "ANUM_XRNG", "NXT_REQ", "PRV_REQ", "NXT_REQAX", "PRV_REQAX",
  9  "CNUM_REQ", "ANUM_REQ", "BUF_GOT", "SUM_WRT", "SUM_SCN", "FBWAIT", "WCWAIT",
 10  "BBWAIT", "FBINSP","DBINSP", "PNINSP", "HOTMVS", "DBBCHG", "DBBGET", "CONGET",
 11  "PREAD", "PWRITE", "FGSDEPTH", "TGTCLEAN", "PWBCNT", "PROTCNT")
 12  AS SELECT "ADDR","INDX","INST_ID","SET_ID","DBWR_NUM","BLK_SIZE","PROC_GROUP",
 13  "CNUM_SET","FLAG","CKPT_LATCH","CKPT_LATCH1","SET_LATCH","NXT_REPL","PRV_REPL",
 14  "NXT_REPLAX","PRV_REPLAX","CNUM_REPL","ANUM_REPL","COLD_HD","HBMAX","HBUFS",
 15  "NXT_WRITE","PRV_WRITE","NXT_WRITEAX","PRV_WRITEAX","CNUM_WRITE","ANUM_WRITE",
 16  "NXT_XOBJ","PRV_XOBJ","NXT_XOBJAX","PRV_XOBJAX","CNUM_XOBJ","ANUM_XOBJ","NXT_XRNG",
 17  "PRV_XRNG","NXT_XRNGAX","PRV_XRNGAX","CNUM_XRNG","ANUM_XRNG","NXT_REQ","PRV_REQ",
 18  "NXT_REQAX","PRV_REQAX","CNUM_REQ","ANUM_REQ","BUF_GOT","SUM_WRT","SUM_SCN",
 19  "FBWAIT","WCWAIT","BBWAIT","FBINSP","DBINSP","PNINSP","HOTMVS","DBBCHG","DBBGET",
 20  "CONGET","PREAD","PWRITE","FGSDEPTH","TGTCLEAN","PWBCNT","PROTCNT" FROM X$KCBWDS;

视图已创建。

至此问题解决。再次强调，不要尝试对产品系统进行类似的操作，且进行这种操作前应先对数据库进行备份。

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