用Java代码获取中央气象局的天气预报数据

文章目录

用Java代码获取中央气象局的天气预报数据
- 1 获取相关接口
- 2 省份获取接口数据
- 3 城市获取接口数据
- 4 城市天气预报获取接口数据
- 5 使用Java代码提取数据

1 获取相关接口

通过解析html页面后，发现有如下3个接口：

省份获取：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province
城市获取：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province/{省份代码}
城市天气预报获取：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/weather?stationid={城市代码}

2 省份获取接口数据

接口：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province 【测试一下】

返回数据：

[{"code":"ABJ","name":"北京市","url":"/publish/forecast/ABJ.html"},{"code":"ATJ","name":"天津市","url":"/publish/forecast/ATJ.html"},{"code":"AHE","name":"河北省","url":"/publish/forecast/AHE.html"},{"code":"ASC","name":"四川省","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC.html"},......{"code":"ATW","name":"台湾省","url":"/publish/forecast/ATW.html"}
]

注意：这里的code键的值为城市获取的参数，如四川的参数为：ASC

3 城市获取接口数据

接口：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/province/ASC【测试一下】

[{"code":"56294","province":"四川省","city":"成都","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC/chengdu.html"},{"code":"56171","province":"四川省","city":"阿坝","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC/aba.html"},......{"code":"56498","province":"四川省","city":"筠连","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC/yunlian.html"}
]

注意：这里的城市包括各市的区县，比如上面展示的筠连就是四川省宜宾市的辖县，这里code键的值就是访问城市天气数据接口的参数。

4 城市天气预报获取接口数据

接口：http://www.nmc.cn/rest/weather?stationid=56294【测试一下】

{"msg":"success",
"code":0,
"data":{"real":{"station":{"code":"56294","province":"四川省","city":"成都","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC/chengdu.html"},"publish_time":"2020-07-26 22:25","weather":{"temperature":24.9,"temperatureDiff":2.2,"airpressure":948.0,"humidity":81.0,"rain":0.0,"rcomfort":74,"icomfort":1,"info":"-","img":"9999","feelst":24.9},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风","speed":""},"warn":{"alert":"9999","pic":"9999","province":"9999","city":"9999","url":"9999","issuecontent":"9999","fmeans":"9999","signaltype":"9999","signallevel":"9999","pic2":"9999"}},"predict":{"station":{"code":"56294","province":"四川省","city":"成都","url":"/publish/forecast/ASC/chengdu.html"},"publish_time":"2020-07-26 20:00","detail":[{"date":"2020-07-26","pt":"2020-07-26 20:00", "day":{"weather":{"info":"9999","img":"9999","temperature":"9999"},"wind":{"direct":"9999","power":"9999"}},"night":{"weather":{"info":"晴","img":"0","temperature":"22"},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风"}}},{"date":"2020-07-27","pt":"2020-07-26 20:00","day":{"weather":{"info":"晴","img":"0","temperature":"34"},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风"}},"night":{"weather":{"info":"晴","img":"0","temperature":"23"},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风"}}},......{"date":"2020-08-01","pt":"2020-07-26 20:00","day":{"weather":{"info":"阵雨","img":"3","temperature":"30"},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风"}},"night":{"weather":{"info":"阴","img":"2","temperature":"23"},"wind":{"direct":"无持续风向","power":"微风"}}}]},"air":{"forecasttime":"2020-07-26 21:00","aqi":65,"aq":2,"text":"良","aqiCode":"99052;99054;99055"},"tempchart":[{"time":"2020/07/19","max_temp":34.8,"min_temp":20.0,"day_img":"9999","day_text":"9999","night_img":"9999","night_text":"9999"},{"time":"2020/07/20","max_temp":29.4,"min_temp":23.8,"day_img":"9999","day_text":"9999","night_img":"9999","night_text":"9999"},{"time":"2020/07/21","max_temp":25.8,"min_temp":21.3,"day_img":"9999","day_text":"9999","night_img":"9999","night_text":"9999"},......{"time":"2020/07/30","max_temp":26.7,"min_temp":22.5,"day_img":"10","day_text":"暴雨","night_img":"2","night_text":"阴"},{"time":"2020/07/31","max_temp":29.0,"min_temp":22.8,"day_img":"7","day_text":"小雨","night_img":"2","night_text":"阴"},{"time":"2020/08/01","max_temp":30.7,"min_temp":23.2,"day_img":"3","day_text":"阵雨","night_img":"2","night_text":"阴"}],"passedchart":[{"rain1h":0.0,"rain24h":9999.0,"rain12h":9999.0,"rain6h":9999.0,"temperature":25.4,"tempDiff":"","humidity":76.0,"pressure":948.0,"windDirection":0.0,"windSpeed":0.0,"time":"2020-07-26 22:00"},{"rain1h":0.0,"rain24h":9999.0,"rain12h":9999.0,"rain6h":9999.0,"temperature":27.1,"tempDiff":"","humidity":70.0,"pressure":947.0,"windDirection":0.0,"windSpeed":0.0,"time":"2020-07-26 21:00"},{"rain1h":0.0,"rain24h":9999.0,"rain12h":9999.0,"rain6h":9999.0,"temperature":30.5,"tempDiff":"","humidity":55.0,"pressure":947.0,"windDirection":0.0,"windSpeed":0.0,"time":"2020-07-26 20:00"},...],"climate":{"time":"1981年-2010年","month":[{"month":1,"maxTemp":9.1,"minTemp":2.6,"precipitation":8.7},{"month":2,"maxTemp":11.4,"minTemp":4.8,"precipitation":12.4},...{"month":12,"maxTemp":10.3,"minTemp":4.1,"precipitation":6.0}]},"radar":{"title":"成都","image":"/product/2020/07/26/RDCP/SEVP_AOC_RDCP_SLDAS_EBREF_AZ9280_L88_PI_20200726144200000.PNG?v=1595774905591","url":"/publish/radar/si-chuan/cheng-du.htm"}}
}

注意：过期的数据值都为9999。

5 使用Java代码提取数据

这里用四川省成都市预报数据的tempchart键为例。获取步骤如下：

使用URL类打开链接

使用字节流读取数据

使用字符流将读取字节流中的数据

将字符流数据以字符的形式保存到StringBuilder字符构造类中

使用fastjson将StringBuilder保存的字符数据转换成json对象

使用fastjson中相关的方法提取需要的数据

Java代码：

public void getValue() {String url = "http://www.nmc.cn/rest/weather?stationid=56294";StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//获取拼接读取到的json字符try {URL u = new URL(url);URLConnection con = u.openConnection();//字节输入流读取json数据，并将编码格式设置为utf8InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);//字符流读取输入流的数据BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(in);String inputLine;//循环中间量while ((inputLine = br.readLine()) != null) {sb.append(inputLine);}br.close();in.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}//将字符串转换为json对象JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject(sb.toString());// System.out.println(json);//获取data键的值，值为json格式，所以可以转换为json对象JSONObject data = json.getJSONObject("data");// System.out.println(data);//data键中的tempchar键的值是一个数组，所以使用JSONArray对象接收值JSONArray tempchart = data.getJSONArray("tempchart");// System.out.println(tempchart);//一共14条数据，过去7天和未来7天，这里只取未来7天数据。for (int i = 0; i < tempchart.size() - 7; i++) {JSONObject temp = tempchart.getJSONObject(i + 7);System.out.println("日期：" + temp.getString("time"));System.out.println("最高气温：" + temp.getString("max_temp"));System.out.println("最低气温：" + temp.getString("min_temp"));System.out.println("------------华丽的分割线-------------");}
}

运行结果：

日期：2020/07/27
最高气温：33.6
最低气温：23.0
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/07/28
最高气温：34.7
最低气温：24.2
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/07/29
最高气温：31.0
最低气温：22.1
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/07/30
最高气温：26.7
最低气温：22.5
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/07/31
最高气温：29.0
最低气温：22.8
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/08/01
最高气温：30.7
最低气温：23.2
------------华丽的分割线-------------
日期：2020/08/02
最高气温：34.7
最低气温：24.0
------------华丽的分割线-------------

注意：

根据返回值的格式一步一步获取想要的数据
通过每次获取的结果，可以清楚的看出返回值的格式。

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