在Oracle Linux 7U5上安装Oracle Database 12.2.0.1

环境准备

硬件准备

在VirtualBox上安装一台OL7u5的虚机，8G内存，一个vCPU，一块网卡（NAT，以便从公网下载包）。我是从现成的模板导入的。

# cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 7.5
# free -mtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7724        1003        3537          11        3183        6536
Swap:          3967           0        3967
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 142
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7300U CPU @ 2.60GHz
stepping    : 9
cpu MHz     : 2729.703
cache size  : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 1
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 1
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase avx2 invpcid rdseed clflushopt
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass
bogomips    : 5424.00
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:e3:07:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 52:54:00:f5:57:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 500link/ether 52:54:00:f5:57:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff# ip address show enp0s3
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:e3:07:bf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3valid_lft 84804sec preferred_lft 84804secinet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee3:7bf/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

安装前剩余空间大于20G：

# df -h /
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ol-root   36G  9.3G   26G  27% /

软件准备

从OTN或E-Delivery下载。
版本为12.2.0.1，分为两个zip文件，分别用于数据库安装和Grid Infrastructure安装。
将安装介质所在目录共享到虚机，然后解压，解压后大约3.6G：

# cd /mnt
# ll
total 6297252
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3453696911 Feb 14  2017 linuxx64_12201_database.zip
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2994687209 Feb 14  2017 linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip
# unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
# ls
database  linuxx64_12201_database.zip  linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip
# du -sh database
3.6G    database

在解压的文件中，oraparams.ini定义了一些安装的先决条件：

# find . -name oraparam.ini
./install/oraparam.ini
# cat ./install/oraparam.ini
[Oracle]
DISTRIBUTION=TRUE
SOURCE=../stage/products.xml
LICENSE_LOCATION=
BOOTSTRAP_COMPS="oracle.swd.oui:12.2.0.1.4,oracle.swd.oui.core:12.2.0.1.4,oracle.swd.oui.core.min:12.2.0.1.4,oracle.jdk:1.8.0.91.0"
JRE_SCRATCH_LOC=jdk/jre
JRE_MEMORY_OPTIONS=" -Xms150m -Xmx2048m -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -XX:CompileCommand=quiet -XX:CompileCommand=exclude,javax/swing/text/GlyphView,getBreakSpot "
DEFAULT_HOME_LOCATION=product/12.2.0/dbhome
。。。

主机与网络设置

设置主机名为ol7-122

# echo "ol7-122.localdomain" > /etc/hostname
# hostname $(cat /etc/hostname)
# hostname
ol7-122.localdomain

禁用防火墙：

# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-09-26 07:32:12 EDT; 55min agoDocs: man:firewalld(1)Main PID: 791 (firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─791 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopidSep 26 07:32:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Sep 26 07:32:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

禁用selinux：

# sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   enforcing
Mode from config file:          enforcing
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      29
# 编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX的值改为permissive
# cat /etc/selinux/config# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

selinux修改后需要重启，重启后确认各项改变生效：

# systemctl reboot
# 等待启动完成
# sestatus
SELinux status:                 enabled
SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name:             targeted
Current mode:                   permissive
Mode from config file:          permissive
Policy MLS status:              enabled
Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed
Max kernel policy version:      29# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: inactive (dead)Docs: man:firewalld(1)# hostname
ol7-122.localdomain

安装先决条件包

此包会自动建立oracle用户，及调整内核参数。在执行前，请确保没有oracle用户，如果有，则删除：

# userdel -r oracle
# id oracle
id: oracle: no such user# yum install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-137.0.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++(x86-64) = 4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 for package: libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7 will be updated
---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved===================================================================================================================================================================================================================Package                                                                Arch                                  Version                                              Repository                                 Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall                                x86_64                                1.0-3.el7                                            ol7_latest                                 19 k
Installing for dependencies:compat-libcap1                                                         x86_64                                1.10-7.el7                                           ol7_latest                                 17 kcompat-libstdc++-33                                                    x86_64                                3.2.3-72.el7                                         ol7_latest                                190 kksh                                                                    x86_64                                20120801-137.0.1.el7                                 ol7_latest                                881 klibaio-devel                                                           x86_64                                0.3.109-13.el7                                       ol7_latest                                 12 klibstdc++-devel                                                        x86_64                                4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1                                 ol7_latest                                1.5 M
Updating for dependencies:libstdc++                                                              x86_64                                4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1                                 ol7_latest                                303 kTransaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+5 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             ( 1 Dependent package)Total size: 2.9 M
Total download size: 2.6 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                 |  17 kB  00:00:00
(2/6): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                          | 190 kB  00:00:00
(3/6): libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                               |  12 kB  00:00:00
(4/6): ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                  | 881 kB  00:00:00
(5/6): oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                         |  19 kB  00:00:00
(6/6): libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                      | 1.5 MB  00:00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                              2.3 MB/s | 2.6 MB  00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.Updating   : libstdc++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           1/8 Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                     2/8 Installing : ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 3/8 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              4/8 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                5/8 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                         6/8 Installing : oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        7/8 Cleanup    : libstdc++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                               8/8 Verifying  : libstdc++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           1/8 Verifying  : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                     2/8 Verifying  : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                         3/8 Verifying  : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                4/8 Verifying  : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              5/8 Verifying  : oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        6/8 Verifying  : ksh-20120801-137.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 7/8 Verifying  : libstdc++-4.8.5-28.0.1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                               8/8 Installed:oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7                                                                                                                                                       Dependency Installed:compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7    compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7    ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-137.0.1.el7    libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7    libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1   Dependency Updated:libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.0.1.el7_5.1                                                                                                                                                                          Complete!

先决条件包安装完毕后，oracle用户及相关组已建立：

# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)

安装数据库软件用户，此处为oracle，必须属于oinstall和dba组，其中oinstall必须是主组。

创建安装目录

此处的/u01/app/oracle其实就是ORACLE_BASE：

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

按照Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)建议的目录结构，ORACLE_HOME应为：
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

安装数据库软件

安装使用OUI(Oracle Universal Installer)。OUI不允许用root运行，否则报错：

# ./runInstaller
The user is root. Oracle Universal Installer cannot continue installation if the user is root.

使用oracle用户启动OUI：

# su - oracle
Last login: Wed Sep 26 09:10:32 EDT 2018 on pts/1
$ echo $DISPLAY$ export DISPLAY=:0.0
$ cd /mnt/database
$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 27294 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 3967 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-09-26_09-18-27AM. Please wait ...

进入图形界面：

Configure Security Updates
Select Install Option
Select Database Installation Option
Select Database Edition
Specify Installation Location
Create Inventory
Privilege Operating System groups
Perform Prerequisite Checks
Summary
Execute Configuration Scripts

以root用户执行脚本：

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.The following environment variables are set as:ORACLE_OWNER= oracleORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_ol7-122.localdomain_2018-09-26_09-41-56-711793085.log
Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

21:31开始安装，整个过程不超过15分钟。
空间占用约为7.7G，和预估的差不多：

# df -h /
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ol-root   36G   17G   20G  46% /

验证安装，从oraInsta.loc文件中可查询到Oracle Inventory目录：

# cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
# ls /u01/app/oraInventory
ContentsXML  logs  oraInst.loc  orainstRoot.sh  oui

由于数据库尚未创建，因此oratab文件暂无条目：

# cat /etc/oratab
## This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by either Database Configuration Assistant while creating
# a database or ASM Configuration Assistant while creating ASM instance.# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third field indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
#

创建数据库

在~oracle/.bash_profile中设置环境变量：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

因为dbca在$ORACLE_HOME/bin目录中，必须将此目录放在PATH的最前面。
然后运行dbca：

$ dbca

整个过程约20分钟。
此时在oratab中有条目了：

$ tail -1 /etc/oratab
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N

验证可以登录数据库：

$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 26 11:09:05 2018Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL>

查看空间，发现数据库占用空间在3-4G之间：

$ df -h /
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ol-root   36G   20G   16G  57% /

使用dbca将数据库删除，然后使用高级模式重新创建数据库：

以下开始高级方式的安装。

选择Advanced configuration：

Deployment Type：

Database Identification：

Storage Option：

Fast Recovery Option：

Network Configuration：
这一步需要注意，如果没有listener，可以立即创建一个，或使用netca创建。如果利用之前创建的listener，则listener必须处于启动状态。

Data Vault Option：

Configuration Option（共五部分）：

Management Option（EM DB Express）：

User Credentials：

Creation Option，可以选择仅生成脚本或存为模板：

Summary：

Finish：

参考文档

Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) Installation On Oracle Linux 6 (OL6) and 7 (OL7)
Deploying Oracle Database 12c Release 2 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Installation Guide for Linux