容器操作基础命令随记
2024-05-17 19:41:34
容器操作基础命令
命令周期
一次性启动容器docker run
一次性运行容器，退出后立即删除，用于测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm alpine cat /etc/issue
Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.17
Kernel \r on an \m (\l)[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 80/tcp quizzical_visvesvaraya
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago practical_mayer
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 6 hours ago Exited (1) 6 hours ago elastic_payne创建容器后直接进入并退出
#执行exit退出后容器关闭
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name alpine2 alpine
/ # cat /etc/
cat: read error: Is a directory
/ # cat
/ # ls
bin etc lib mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home media opt root sbin sys usr
/ #
/ # exit #退出后容器停止运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c40aef438238 alpine "/bin/sh" About a minute ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago alpine2
df2d23a5c303 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago nginx2
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes 80/tcp quizzical_visvesvaraya
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago practical_mayer
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 6 hours ago Exited (1) 6 hours ago elastic_payne
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name alpine3 alpine
/ # ^C
/ # exit
#同时按ctrl+p+q 三个键退出后,容器不停止
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
74140a7dc4ed alpine "/bin/sh" About a minute ago Exited (130) 42 seconds ago alpine3
c40aef438238 alpine "/bin/sh" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago alpine2
df2d23a5c303 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago nginx2
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago quizzical_visvesvaraya
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago practical_mayer
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 6 hours ago Exited (1) 6 hours ago elastic_payne守护式容器：
- 能够长期运行
- 无需交互式会话
- 适合运行应用程序和服务
启动前台守护式进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker run nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.2
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 28
2022/12/05 13:31:03 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29启动后台守护式容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d nginx
de713a9d19fb6d5ca36c87b26e2a122714eefe85c90e151c4875577c3dea7c36
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
de713a9d19fb nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 80/tcp hardcore_mahavira
#有一些容器后台启动不会持续运行默认容器重启宿主机不会自动启动，需要设置开机自启
docker run -d --name nginx --restart=always -p 80:80 nginx
–privileged选项
使用该参数，container内的root拥有真正的root权限。否则，container内的root只是外部的一个普通用户权限。privileged启动的容器，可以看到很多host上的设备，并且可以执行mount。甚至允许你在docker容器中启动docker容器。
让容器获取root权限
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -d --privileged nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9f0364af37f2e sh
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
`-sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom查看容器信息
docker ps [OPTIONS]
选项:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states)
(default -1)
#查看运行的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9f0364af37f2 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp confident_wing
de713a9d19fb nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 80/tcp hardcore_mahavira#显示全部的容器，包括退出状态的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9f0364af37f2 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 80/tcp confident_wing
2308e2dc92c7 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago pedantic_lichterman
de713a9d19fb nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 80/tcp hardcore_mahavira
1fae1b41d472 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago sleepy_morse
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) 22 minutes ago quizzical_visvesvaraya
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago practical_mayer
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 7 hours ago Exited (1) 7 hours ago elastic_payne
#只查看退出的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -f "status=exited"
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2308e2dc92c7 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago pedantic_lichterman
1fae1b41d472 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago sleepy_morse
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) 24 minutes ago quizzical_visvesvaraya
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago practical_mayer
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 7 hours ago Exited (1) 7 hours ago elastic_payne#只显示容器ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -q
9f0364af37f2
2308e2dc92c7
de713a9d19fb
1fae1b41d472
b7baaa64d341
0a2ec19dde80
f6f7197e1c0d#显示容器大小
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -s
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE
9f0364af37f2 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 80/tcp confident_wing 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
2308e2dc92c7 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago pedantic_lichterman 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
de713a9d19fb nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 80/tcp hardcore_mahavira 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
1fae1b41d472 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago sleepy_morse 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
b7baaa64d341 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) 27 minutes ago quizzical_visvesvaraya 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
0a2ec19dde80 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago practical_mayer 1.09 kB (virtual 142 MB)
f6f7197e1c0d 1ca69d1bf49a "catalina.sh run" 7 hours ago Exited (1) 7 hours ago elastic_payne 0 B (virtual 474 MB)#显示最新创建的容器(停止的容器也能显示)
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9f0364af37f2 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 80/tcp confident_wing查看容器内的进程
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9f0364af37f2 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 80/tcp confident_wing
de713a9d19fb nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes 80/tcp hardcore_mahavira
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 9f0364af37f2
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 12591 12575 0 21:40 pts/1 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101 12641 12591 0 21:40 pts/1 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
101 12642 12591 0 21:40 pts/1 00:00:00 nginx: worker process查看容器资源使用情况
docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template--no-stream Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result--no-trunc Do not truncate output
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats 9f0364af37f2
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
9f0364af37f2 0.00% 1.977 MiB / 1.936 GiB 0.10% 648 B / 648 B 8.19 kB / 14.3 kB 3
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
9f0364af37f2 0.00% 1.977 MiB / 1.936 GiB 0.10% 648 B / 648 B 8.19 kB / 14.3 kB 3
#限制内存使用大小
[root@localhost ~]# run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300
-e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx128m"
elasticsearch:7.6.2
#查看容器的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 9f0364
[{"Id": "9f0364af37f2e57e164a5c5cabca592aa2647a5969e58c0e256d123ddd512e33","Created": "2022-12-05T13:40:26.024870946Z","Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh","Args": ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 12591,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-12-05T13:40:26.263471921Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f0364af37f2e57e164a5c5cabca592aa2647a5969e58c0e256d123ddd512e33/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f0364af37f2e57e164a5c5cabca592aa2647a5969e58c0e256d123ddd512e33/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f0364af37f2e57e164a5c5cabca592aa2647a5969e58c0e256d123ddd512e33/hosts","LogPath": "","Name": "/confident_wing","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "journald","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": true,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": ["label=disable"],"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "docker-runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": null,"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DiskQuota": 0,"KernelMemory": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": -1,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": 0,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0},"GraphDriver": {"Name": "overlay2","Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37be5b88929dbacfc1bb6a8261eebec9cbc64901c5dad748545f1c9b87511038-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/123e463d6c5d6be68ae28d44cf7a94609a2ea65aec9a2504279c284a79a0ccd5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97493a1a8b79f5fa5995298ffa63ada448c9809c20b1ad9a26090900ce8e8001/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e6953ea3ddefc3fe32c31151935ebd49a74cbab3d7b16262a62d4b753dd416b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5594f280528430e925f3ef35b6a91674ff1be95a721a3166548602a24916f63d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c57ac6832a9a6084c6a58136092600f9edd6586d20f6ef5eaae860ad034a80de/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6808292a4f65f555b987700ef19d8e80f36c8038cc22a918ec878ebba66d283c/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37be5b88929dbacfc1bb6a8261eebec9cbc64901c5dad748545f1c9b87511038/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37be5b88929dbacfc1bb6a8261eebec9cbc64901c5dad748545f1c9b87511038/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37be5b88929dbacfc1bb6a8261eebec9cbc64901c5dad748545f1c9b87511038/work"}},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "9f0364af37f2","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"80/tcp": {}},"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2","NJS_VERSION=0.7.7","PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"],"Cmd": ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"],"Image": "nginx","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"],"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"},"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "37deffc865f72444001cd21beef553eff41eb32055ac52f71499351ae21a02a7","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {"80/tcp": null},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/37deffc865f7","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "87a8b8df3d302be4098bff1d2ee3df8b2e9534bf35336f42445972374265fe09","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "c4cc8e1907ddde91359cfba674cb182658718ed8dcc3e55007ad34f26c34425f","EndpointID": "87a8b8df3d302be4098bff1d2ee3df8b2e9534bf35336f42445972374265fe09","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03"}}}}
]#选择性查看
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect -f "{{.Created}}" c
2022-12-05 09:38:04.272576423 +0800 CST容器的启动和停止
#docker start|stop|restart|pause|unpause 容器ID#批量正常启动或关闭所有容器
docker start $(docker ps -a -q)
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
进入正在运行的容器
- attach方式
docker attach 容器名，attach 类似于vnc，操作会在同一个容器的多个会话界面同步显示，所有使用此方式进入容器的操作都是同步显示的，且使用exit退出后容器自动关闭，不推荐使用，需要进入到有shell环境的容器
docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
- exec方式
在运行中的容器启动新进程,可以执行单次命令，以及进入容器测试环境使用此方式，使用exit退出,但容器还在运行，此为推荐方式
docker exec -it 容器ID bash|sh
docker 暴露端口
docker run -P 可以将事先容器预定义的所有端口映射宿主机的随机端口，默认从32768开始使用随机端口 时,当停止容器后再启动可能会导致端口发生变化
ocker start $(docker ps -a -q)
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
进入正在运行的容器1. attach方式docker attach 容器名，attach 类似于vnc，操作会在同一个容器的多个会话界面同步显示，所有使用此方式进入容器的操作都是同步显示的，且使用exit退出后容器自动关闭，不推荐使用，需要进入到有shell环境的容器docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER2. exec方式在运行中的容器启动新进程,可以执行单次命令，以及进入容器测试环境使用此方式，使用exit退出,但容器还在运行，此为推荐方式docker exec -it 容器ID bash|shdocker 暴露端口docker run -P 可以将事先容器预定义的所有端口映射宿主机的随机端口，默认从32768开始使用随机端口 时,当停止容器后再启动可能会导致端口发生变化容器操作基础命令随记相关推荐
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