STM32实例——基于STM32开发板实现传感数据采集-DHT11温湿度采集

STM32开发板实现传感数据采集-DHT11温湿度采集

一、前言

本项目是基于STM32开发板的温湿度采集，传感器采用DHT11温湿度传感器，软件采用keil5等。本项目采用ARM结构中最为代表的Cortex-M4系列的芯片，选用STM32F407ZGT6开发板进行项目开发。传感器将采集到的数据传输到STM32（MCU）主控进行数据处理，最后通过串口打印出来。

二、硬软件准备

1、硬件准备

STM32F407ZGT6
DHT11温湿度传感器

2、软件准备
keil5：
官方链接：http://www.keil.com/demo/eval/arm.htm
STM32f407固件库：
官方链接：http://www.keil.com/dd2/pack
STM32CudeMx
官方链接：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259242
STM32CudeMx的f407软件包：
官方链接：http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259243

3、项目实施
1、keil5安装
安装请参照链接：keil5安装链接
2、STM32CudeMx安装
安装请参照链接：STM32CudeMx安装
3、BSP工程项目创建

①打开STM32CudeMX

②点击创建工程（ACCESS TO MCU SELECTOR）
③搜索STM32F407ZG，双击绿色区域

④点击Categor→System Core →GPIO，选择PF9和PF10，都选择为GPIO_OutPut方式

⑤对PF9和PF10的GPIO进行具体配置

⑥配置RCC时钟

⑦配置系统时钟

⑧这里以串口1为例我们可以选择串口的模式(异步，同步，半双工) 串口接收中断

a）点击USATR1
b）设置MODE为异步通信(Asynchronous)
c）基础参数：波特率为115200 Bits/s。传输数据长度为8 Bit。奇偶检验无，停止位1 接收和发送都使能
d）GPIO引脚设置 USART1_RX/USART_TX
e） NVIC Settings 一栏使能接收中断

⑨配置STM32F407ZGT6的时钟树，由于是外部8M的晶振，所以得出一下的时钟树
a）选择外部时钟HSE 8MHz
b）PLL锁相环倍频168倍
c）系统时钟来源选择为PLL
d）设置APB1分频器为 /4
⑩建立工程

4. BSP工程项目
①用keil5打开此工程
②点击option（魔法棒），然后进行主频配置，修改为8.0或者12.0，然后重新打开该工程进行检查，最后进行编译。

③在keil5上面创建SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹

④回到创建开始的STM32_DHT11工程目录，添加这两个文件夹，复制库文件里面SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹到STM32_DHT11工程目录下。(文件具体看末尾)

⑤回到keil5里面，继续点击那个文件管理，然后根据对应的文件夹添加文件，把SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹里面的文件都添加进去。

⑥配置头文件路径，选择为第4步已经复制的两个文件夹（SYSTEM和HARDWAVE）的路径添加进去。

⑦编程代码
将资源中的main.c、uart.c和uart.h的代码复制替换工程中的相应的代码然后就可以编译了。
main.c代码如下：

#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "dht11.h"void SystemClock_Config(void);int main(void)
{u8 t=0;                u8 temperature;        u8 humidity; int times;HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */delay_init(168);                            SystemClock_Config();DHT11_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);while (1){if(t%10==0)//?100ms????{          DHT11_Read_Data(&temperature,&humidity);       printf("2018A14122 WuXiaoXian\r\n");printf("Tem:%d\r\n",temperature);printf("Hum:%d\r\n",humidity);   printf("\r\n\n"); }                  delay_ms(100);t++;  }
}
/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.c

#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
uint16_t USART_RX_STA=0; //??????
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USART1 init function */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0XFFFF);return ch;}void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart->Instance==USART1)//?????1{if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//?????{if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)   //????0x0d{if(aRxBuffer[0]!= 0x0a){USART_RX_STA=0;         //????,????}         else{USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;  //?????}}else //????0x0D{if(aRxBuffer[0] == 0x0d){   USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;}else{USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF]=aRxBuffer[0];USART_RX_STA++;if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1)){USART_RX_STA=0;    //??????,??????}}}}}}void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART1 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}
}void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9     ------> USART1_TXPA10     ------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

uart.h

/********************************************************************************* @file    usart.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the usart.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:*                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************/
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __USART_H__
#define __USART_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#define USART_REC_LEN 500
#define   RXBUFFERSIZE  1
extern uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
extern uint16_t USART_RX_STA;
extern UART_HandleTypeDef UART1_Handler; //UART??
extern uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END Includes */extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes *//* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif#endif /* __USART_H__ *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

⑧编译下载

完成上述步骤后打开串口助手查看即可

总结

本项目是STM32中比较简单的实验了，STM32总体来说编译运行以及代码烧录那几个步骤熟悉掌握后再看这篇文章会收获比较多，这篇文章只是讲解了如何运用别人的代码，具体的原理并没有深入讲解，若是想要深入学习STM32单片机的话这些建议自行去深入了解一下代码是如何编写的。