Android实现蓝牙（BlueTooth）设备检测连接

项目要求实现蓝牙设备搜索连接，Android为蓝牙技术提供了4个工具类，分别是蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter、蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice、蓝牙服务端套接字BluetoothServerSocket和蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket。

蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothAdapter的作用其实跟其它的**Manger差不多，可以把它当作蓝牙管理器。下面是BluetoothAdapter的常用方法说明。

getDefaultAdapter：静态方法，获取默认的蓝牙适配器对象；
enable：打开蓝牙功能；
disable：关闭蓝牙功能；
isEnable：判断蓝牙功能是否打开；
startDiscovery：开始搜索周围的蓝牙设备；
cancelDiscovery：取消搜索操作；
isDiscovering：判断当前是否正在搜索设备；
getBondedDevices：获取已绑定的设备列表；
setName：设置本机的蓝牙名称；
getName：获取本机的蓝牙名称；
getAddress：获取本机的蓝牙地址；
getRemoteDevice：根据蓝牙地址获取远程的蓝牙设备；
getState：获取本地蓝牙适配器的状态；
listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord：根据名称和UUID创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket；
listenUsingRfcommOn：根据渠道编号创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket。

蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice

BluetoothDevice用于指代某个蓝牙设备，通常表示对方设备。BluetoothAdapter管理的是本机蓝牙设备。下面是BluetoothDevice的常用方法说明。

getName：获得该设备的名称；
getAddress：获得该设备的地址；
getBondState：获得该设备的绑定状态；
createBond：创建匹配对象；
createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：根据UUID创建并返回一个BluetoothSocket。

蓝牙服务器套接字BluetoothServiceSocket

BluetoothServiceSocket是服务端的Socket，用来接收客户端的Socket连接请求。下面是常用的方法说明。

accept：监听外部的蓝牙连接请求；
close：关闭服务端的蓝牙监听。

蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket

BluetoothSocket是客户端的Socket，用于与对方设备进行数据通信。下面是常用的方法说明。

connect：建立蓝牙的socket连接；
close：关闭蓝牙的socket连接；
getInputStream：获取socket连接的输入流对象；
getOutputStream：获取socket连接的输出流对象；
getRemoteDevice：获取远程设备信息。

layout\activity_bluetooth.xml界面布局代码如下：界面布局代码如下：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="vertical"><!--头部--><RelativeLayoutandroid:id="@+id/rl_title"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="55dp"android:background="@color/color_2570fd"><TextViewandroid:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="@string/app_name"android:textColor="@color/white"android:textSize="22sp"android:layout_centerVertical="true"android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/></RelativeLayout><LinearLayoutandroid:id="@+id/ll_switch"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="horizontal"android:padding="5dp"android:layout_below="@id/rl_title"><CheckBoxandroid:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:button="@null"android:checked="false"android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"android:text="蓝牙"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="17sp" /><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_discovery"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"android:gravity="right|center"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="17sp" /></LinearLayout><LinearLayoutandroid:id="@+id/ll_text"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="40dp"android:orientation="horizontal"android:layout_below="@id/ll_switch"><TextViewandroid:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="4"android:gravity="center"android:text="名称"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="17sp" /><TextViewandroid:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="5"android:gravity="center"android:text="地址"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="17sp" /><TextViewandroid:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="2"android:gravity="center"android:text="状态"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="17sp" /></LinearLayout><ListViewandroid:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_below="@id/ll_text"android:layout_above="@+id/ll_bottom"android:listSelector="@null"/><LinearLayoutandroid:id="@+id/ll_bottom"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="50dp"android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"android:orientation="horizontal"><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/bt_search"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"android:gravity="center"android:text="搜索"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="14sp" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/bt_pair"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"android:gravity="center"android:text="配对"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="14sp" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/bt_connect"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"android:gravity="center"android:text="连接"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="14sp" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/bt_cancel"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"android:gravity="center"android:text="取消配对"android:textColor="#ff000000"android:textSize="14sp" /></LinearLayout></RelativeLayout>

BluetoothActivity.java逻辑代码如下：

package com.example.bluetoothtest;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.UUID;import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.AbsListView;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;import com.example.bluetoothtest.adapter.BlueListAdapter;
import com.example.bluetoothtest.bean.BlueDevice;
import com.example.bluetoothtest.thread.ReadThread;
import com.example.bluetoothtest.thread.WriteThread;
import com.example.bluetoothtest.util.CommonUtil;public class BluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity implementsOnClickListener, OnItemClickListener, OnCheckedChangeListener {private static final String TAG = "BluetoothActivity ";    private CheckBox ck_bluetooth;private TextView tv_discovery;private ListView lv_bluetooth;private Button bt_search;private Button bt_pair;private Button bt_connect;private Button bt_cancel;private BluetoothAdapter mBluetooth;private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>();private BlueListAdapter adapter;private BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice;private BluetoothSocket mBlueSocket;private InputStream inputStream;//输入流private OutputStream outputStream;//输出流private WriteThread writeThread;private ReadThread readThread;private boolean isConnect = false;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth);bluetoothPermissions();ck_bluetooth = findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth);tv_discovery = findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery);lv_bluetooth = findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth);bt_starmap = findViewById(R.id.bt_starmap);bt_location = findViewById(R.id.bt_location);bt_search = findViewById(R.id.bt_search);bt_pair = findViewById(R.id.bt_pair);bt_connect = findViewById(R.id.bt_connect);bt_cancel = findViewById(R.id.bt_cancel);bt_starmap.setOnClickListener(this);bt_location.setOnClickListener(this);bt_search.setOnClickListener(this);bt_pair.setOnClickListener(this);bt_connect.setOnClickListener(this);bt_cancel.setOnClickListener(this);if (CommonUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);}ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if (mBluetooth == null) {Toast.makeText(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();finish();}beginDiscovery();}// 定义获取基于地理位置的动态权限private void bluetoothPermissions() {if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED|| ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);}}/*** 重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法* 获取动态权限请求的结果,再开启蓝牙*/@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {if (requestCode == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {if (CommonUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);}ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if (mBluetooth == null) {Toast.makeText(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();finish();}beginDiscovery();} else {Toast.makeText(this, "用户拒绝了权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);}@Overridepublic void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {if (buttonView.getId() == R.id.ck_bluetooth) {if (isChecked == true) {beginDiscovery();Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);startActivityForResult(intent, 1);} else {cancelDiscovery();CommonUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this, false);mDeviceList.clear();adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();}}}@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);if (requestCode == 1) {if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {Toast.makeText(this, "允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();} else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {Toast.makeText(this, "不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}}private void beginDiscovery() {if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() != true) {mDeviceList.clear();adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList);lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);lv_bluetooth.setChoiceMode(AbsListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);tv_discovery.setText("正在搜索蓝牙设备");mBluetooth.startDiscovery();}}private void cancelDiscovery() {
//        tv_discovery.setText("取消搜索蓝牙设备");if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() == true) {mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery();}}@Overrideprotected void onStart() {super.onStart();blueReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();//需要过滤多个动作，则调用IntentFilter对象的addAction添加新动作IntentFilter foundFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);registerReceiver(blueReceiver, foundFilter);}private BluetoothReceiver blueReceiver;private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {String action = intent.getAction();
//            Log.d(TAG, "onReceive action=" + action);// 获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) {BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);BlueDevice item = new BlueDevice(device.getName(), device.getAddress(), device.getBondState() - 10);for (int i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) {if (item.address.equals(mDeviceList.get(i).address)) {mDeviceList.remove(i);//去掉重复项}}mDeviceList.add(item);adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this, mDeviceList);lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);lv_bluetooth.setChoiceMode(AbsListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(BluetoothActivity.this);} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) {tv_discovery.setText("蓝牙设备搜索完成");} else if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) {tv_discovery.setText("正在配对" + device.getName());} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {tv_discovery.setText("完成配对" + device.getName());refreshAddress(device.getAddress(), BlueListAdapter.BINDED);} else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {tv_discovery.setText("取消配对" + device.getName());}}}}@Overridepublic void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {cancelDiscovery();BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(position);bluetoothDevice = mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address);adapter.setSelectedItem(position);adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
//        Toast.makeText(BluetoothActivity.this, "选择" + bluetoothDevice.getAddress(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}public void createBond(BluetoothDevice device) {Method createBondMethod = null;try {createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void cancelBond(BluetoothDevice device) {Method createBondMethod = null;try {createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("removeBond");Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);tv_discovery.setText("取消配对" + device.getAddress());refreshAddress(device.getAddress(), BlueListAdapter.UNBIND);isConnect = false;if (readThread != null) {readThread.interrupt();readThread = null;}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void connetBle(final BluetoothDevice device) {Log.d(TAG, "---开始连接蓝牙=" + device.getName());try {UUID SERIAL_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"); // bluetooth serial port servicefinal BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(SERIAL_UUID); //加密传输，Android系统强制配对，弹窗显示配对码//这里建立蓝牙连接 socket.connect()new Thread() {@Overridepublic void run() {try {socket.connect();inputStream = socket.getInputStream();outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();if (readThread != null) {readThread.interrupt();readThread = null;}readThread = new ReadThread(inputStream);readThread.start();writeThread = new WriteThread(outputStream);writeThread.start();} catch (IOException e) {Log.d(TAG, "---connetBle e=" + e.toString());}}}.start();runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {Toast.makeText(BluetoothActivity.this, "连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();onBlueConnect(device.getAddress(), socket);}});} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//客户端主动连接public void onBlueConnect(String address, BluetoothSocket socket) {mBlueSocket = socket;tv_discovery.setText("连接成功");isConnect = true;refreshAddress(address, BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED);}//刷新蓝牙状态private void refreshAddress(String address, int state) {for (int i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) {BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(i);if (item.address.equals(address) == true) {item.state = state;mDeviceList.set(i, item);}}adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();}@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {int id = v.getId();switch (id) {case R.id.bt_search:beginDiscovery();break;case R.id.bt_pair:createBond(bluetoothDevice);break;case R.id.bt_connect:connetBle(bluetoothDevice);break;case R.id.bt_cancel:cancelBond(bluetoothDevice);break;default:break;}}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();cancelDiscovery();unregisterReceiver(blueReceiver);if (mBlueSocket != null) {try {mBlueSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}

添加蓝牙所需的相应权限：

<!-- 蓝牙 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED"/><!--基于地理位置-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>

6.0以上系统记得动态获取ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION权限，不然可能会出现蓝牙设备检测不到。

Demo程序运行效果界面截图如下：

socket.connect();蓝牙连接成功之后，根据自己的需要做后续处理，楼主这里是通过InputStream和OutputStream来做数据的读写操作，所以各自开了一个读写进程。关于蓝牙连接就这么多，希望对大家有帮助呀~

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