cocos2d-x横版格斗游戏教程3

https://blog.csdn.net/zhanghefu/article/details/27588955

这一篇要为英雄创造一些小伙伴了，并且需要让机器人会巡逻，会偷懒，会行走，还会攻击英雄，当然也能受伤。其实机器人和英雄有一些共同的属性：攻击力、生命值和行走速度。但机器人是由电脑控制，状态是随机切换的，所以还需要指定巡逻区域、攻击区域、行走方向、决策时间等。

1. 添加机器人

首先更新BaseSprite类，添加攻击力和生命值属性，在BaseSprite.h中添加：

1 2	`CC_SYNTHESIZE(unsigned` `int, m_hp, HP);` `CC_SYNTHESIZE(unsigned` `int, m_attack, Attack);`

创建Enemy类，代表敌方机器人，这里需要实现简单的AI，让机器人能自动思考，根据具体环境切换自己的状态：

Enemy.h

typedef enum {

AI_IDLE = 0,

AI_PATROL,

AI_ATTACK,

AI_PURSUIT

}AiState;

class Enemy : public BaseSprite

{

public:

Enemy();

~Enemy();

bool init();

CREATE_FUNC(Enemy);

CC_SYNTHESIZE(cocos2d::Point, m_moveDirection, MoveDirection);

CC_SYNTHESIZE(float, m_eyeArea, EyeArea);

CC_SYNTHESIZE(float, m_attackArea, AttackArea)

CC_SYNTHESIZE(AiState, m_aiState, AiState);

void execute(const cocos2d::Point& target, float targetBodyWidth);

private:

void decide(const cocos2d::Point& target, float targetBodyWidth);

unsigned int m_nextDecisionTime;

};

AiState表示机器人的四种状态：休闲、巡逻、攻击、跟随。机器人还有几个变量，分别表示：行走方向、巡逻范围、攻击范围、当前AI状态。
m_nextDecisionTime表示机器人距离下一次决策的时间，execute函数是在GameLayer.cpp中update函数调用的，定期执行更新机器人状态。decide函数实现机器人怎么决策，是机器人的内心世界。
这里重点分析机器人AI该怎么实现，因为只是一个demo，所以就尽可能的简单些吧。首先机器人需要根据自己的朝向和英雄的位置来思考，如果机器人背对着英雄或者英雄处于机器人巡逻范围之外，那么此时机器人是看不到英雄的，机器人就会随机的选择继续巡逻或者站着偷懒。如果英雄在机器人的巡逻范围内，且被机器人看到了，则机器人需要判断英雄是否处于自己的攻击范围，来决策是攻击还是追过去。每种状态下的思考时间最好设置成随机的，这样更真实。看源码实现：

Enemy.cpp

Enemy::Enemy():

m_nextDecisionTime(0)

{}

Enemy::~Enemy()

{}

bool Enemy::init()

{

bool ret = false;

do {

this->initWithSpriteFrameName("robot_idle_00.png");

Animation *pIdleAnim = this->createAnimation("robot_idle_%02d.png", 5, 12);

this->setIdleAction(RepeatForever::create(Animate::create(pIdleAnim)));

Animation *pWalkAnim = this->createAnimation("robot_walk_%02d.png", 6, 12);

this->setWalkAction(RepeatForever::create(Animate::create(pWalkAnim)));

Animation *pAttackAnim = this->createAnimation("robot_attack_%02d.png", 5, 20);

this->setAttackAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pAttackAnim), BaseSprite::createIdleCallbackFunc(), NULL));

Animation *pHurtAnim = this->createAnimation("robot_hurt_%02d.png", 3, 20);

this->setHurtAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pHurtAnim), BaseSprite::createIdleCallbackFunc(), NULL));

Animation *pDeadAnim = this->createAnimation("robot_knockout_%02d.png", 5, 12);

this->setDeadAction(Sequence::create(Animate::create(pDeadAnim), Blink::create(3, 9), NULL));

ret = true;

} while(0);

return ret;

}

void Enemy::execute(const Point& target, float targetBodyWidth)

{

if(m_nextDecisionTime == 0)

{

this->decide(target, targetBodyWidth);

}else {

-- m_nextDecisionTime;

}

void Enemy::decide(const Point& target, float targetBodyWidth)

{

Point location = this->getPosition();

float distance = location.getDistance(target);

distance = distance - (targetBodyWidth / 2 + this->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.width / 2) + 30;

//log("distance=%f, m_fVelocity=%f", distance, m_fVelocity);

bool isFlippedX = this->isFlippedX();

bool isOnTargetLeft = (location.x < target.x ? true : false);

if((isFlippedX && isOnTargetLeft) || (!isFlippedX && !isOnTargetLeft)) {

this->m_aiState = CCRANDOM_0_1() > 0.5f ? AI_PATROL : AI_IDLE;

}else {

if(distance < m_eyeArea)

{

this->m_aiState = distance < m_attackArea ? AI_ATTACK : AI_PURSUIT;

}else {

this->m_aiState = CCRANDOM_0_1() > 0.5f ? AI_PATROL : AI_IDLE;

}

switch(m_aiState)

{

case AI_ATTACK:

{

this->runAttackAction();

this->attack();

this->m_nextDecisionTime = 50;

}

break;

case AI_IDLE:

{

this->runIdleAction();

this->m_nextDecisionTime = CCRANDOM_0_1() * 100;

}

break;

case AI_PATROL:

{

this->runWalkAction();

this->m_moveDirection.x = CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1();

this->m_moveDirection.y = CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1();

m_moveDirection.x = m_moveDirection.x > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.x + m_fVelocity.x) : (m_moveDirection.x - m_fVelocity.x);

m_moveDirection.y = m_moveDirection.y > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.y + m_fVelocity.y) : (m_moveDirection.y - m_fVelocity.y);

this->m_nextDecisionTime = CCRANDOM_0_1() * 100;

}

break;

case AI_PURSUIT:

{

this->runWalkAction();

//v.normalize() function return the unit vector of v

this->m_moveDirection = (target - location).normalize();

this->setFlippedX(m_moveDirection.x < 0 ? true : false);

m_moveDirection.x = m_moveDirection.x > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.x + m_fVelocity.x) : (m_moveDirection.x - m_fVelocity.x);

m_moveDirection.y = m_moveDirection.y > 0 ? (m_moveDirection.y + m_fVelocity.y) : (m_moveDirection.y - m_fVelocity.y);

this->m_nextDecisionTime = 10;

}

break;

}

当机器人思考接下来该做什么时，就会执行相应的操作和动画。
机器人创造完成了，现在把它添加到游戏中去，修改GameLayer.h，添加下面的代码：

#define MIN_ENEMY_COUNT 5

void updateEnemies(float dt);

void addEnemy();

void onEnemyAttack(BaseSprite *pSprite);

cocos2d::Array *m_pEnemies;

updateEnemies表示每一次循环都会更新每个机器人的状态，onEnemyAttack是机器人攻击英雄时执行的函数，暂时不实现。m_pEnemies为保存机器人的容器。
修改GameLayer.cpp，添加下面的函数：

void GameLayer::addEnemy()

{

Size winSize = Director::getInstance()->getWinSize();

Point location = Point::ZERO;

Enemy *pEnemy = Enemy::create();

//log("m_pTiledMap->getMapSize() mapSize=%f", m_pTiledMap->getMapSize().width);

float halfEnemyFrameHeight = (pEnemy->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.height) / 2;

float heroPosX = m_pHero->getPositionX();

float halfWinWidth = (winSize.width / 2);

while(fabsf(heroPosX - location.x) < 150)

{

if(heroPosX < halfWinWidth)

{

location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() + CCRANDOM_0_1() * halfWinWidth;

}else if(heroPosX > (m_pTiledMap->getMapSize().width * m_fTileWidth - halfWinWidth)) {

location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() - CCRANDOM_0_1() * halfWinWidth;

}else {

location.x = m_pHero->getPositionX() + CCRANDOM_MINUS1_1() * halfWinWidth;

}

float maxY = m_fTileHeight * 3 + halfEnemyFrameHeight;

location.y = CCRANDOM_0_1() * maxY;

if(location.y < halfEnemyFrameHeight)

{

location.y = halfEnemyFrameHeight;

}

pEnemy->attack = CC_CALLBACK_0(GameLayer::onEnemyAttack, this, pEnemy);

pEnemy->setPosition(m_origin + location);

pEnemy->setZOrder(m_fScreenHeight - pEnemy->getPositionY());

pEnemy->runIdleAction();

pEnemy->setAttack(5);

pEnemy->setHP(30);

pEnemy->setVelocity(Point(0.5f, 0.5f));

pEnemy->setEyeArea(200);

pEnemy->setAttackArea(25);

m_pEnemies->addObject(pEnemy);

m_pSpriteNodes->addChild(pEnemy);

}

void GameLayer::updateEnemies(float dt) {

Object *pObj = NULL;

Point distance = Point::ZERO;

Point heroLocation = m_pHero->getPosition();

Array *pRemovedEnemies = Array::create();

CCARRAY_FOREACH(m_pEnemies, pObj)

{

Enemy *pEnemy = (Enemy*)pObj;

pEnemy->execute(heroLocation, m_pHero->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.width);

if(pEnemy->getCurrActionState() == ACTION_STATE_WALK)

{

Point location = pEnemy->getPosition();

Point direction = pEnemy->getMoveDirection();

Point expect = location + direction;

float halfEnemyFrameHeight = (pEnemy->getDisplayFrame()->getRect().size.height) / 2;

if(expect.y < halfEnemyFrameHeight || expect.y > (m_fTileHeight * 3 + halfEnemyFrameHeight) )

{

direction.y = 0;

}

pEnemy->setFlippedX(direction.x < 0 ? true : false);

pEnemy->setPosition(location + direction);

pEnemy->setZOrder(pEnemy->getPositionY());

}

CCARRAY_FOREACH(pRemovedEnemies, pObj)

{

Enemy *pEnemy = (Enemy*)pObj;

m_pEnemies->removeObject(pEnemy);

m_pSpriteNodes->removeChild(pEnemy, true);

}

pRemovedEnemies->removeAllObjects();

}

void GameLayer::onEnemyAttack(BaseSprite *pSprite)

{

}

在GameLayer.cpp的update函数中添加：

1	`this->updateEnemies(dt);`

在init函数中添加：

m_pEnemies = Array::createWithCapacity(MIN_ENEMY_COUNT);

m_pEnemies->retain();

for(int i = 0; i < MIN_ENEMY_COUNT; ++ i)

{

this->addEnemy();

}

OK，现在编译运行项目，就可以看到屏幕上有5个机器人追着英雄打了，效果如下图：

目前机器人和英雄都没有攻击效果，都是无敌状态，不过他们好日子快到头了，下一篇我们就来让他们接受现实的残酷吧。

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