我以@DanHickstein的答案为基础，涵盖了plot、scatter和axhline/axvline缩放x轴或y轴的情况。它可以简单地称为autoscale()来处理最新的轴。如果你想编辑它，请fork it on gist。def autoscale(ax=None, axis='y', margin=0.1):

'''Autoscales the x or y axis of a given matplotlib ax object

to fit the margins set by manually limits of the other axis,

with margins in fraction of the width of the plot

Defaults to current axes object if not specified.

'''

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

if ax is None:

ax = plt.gca()

newlow, newhigh = np.inf, -np.inf

for artist in ax.collections + ax.lines:

x,y = get_xy(artist)

if axis == 'y':

setlim = ax.set_ylim

lim = ax.get_xlim()

fixed, dependent = x, y

else:

setlim = ax.set_xlim

lim = ax.get_ylim()

fixed, dependent = y, x

low, high = calculate_new_limit(fixed, dependent, lim)

newlow = low if low < newlow else newlow

newhigh = high if high > newhigh else newhigh

margin = margin*(newhigh - newlow)

setlim(newlow-margin, newhigh+margin)

def calculate_new_limit(fixed, dependent, limit):

'''Calculates the min/max of the dependent axis given

a fixed axis with limits

'''

if len(fixed) > 2:

mask = (fixed>limit[0]) & (fixed < limit[1])

window = dependent[mask]

low, high = window.min(), window.max()

else:

low = dependent[0]

high = dependent[-1]

if low == 0.0 and high == 1.0:

# This is a axhline in the autoscale direction

low = np.inf

high = -np.inf

return low, high

def get_xy(artist):

'''Gets the xy coordinates of a given artist

'''

if "Collection" in str(artist):

x, y = artist.get_offsets().T

elif "Line" in str(artist):

x, y = artist.get_xdata(), artist.get_ydata()

else:

raise ValueError("This type of object isn't implemented yet")

return x, y

它和它的前身一样，有点老套，但这是必要的，因为集合和行有不同的返回xy坐标的方法，而且由于axhline/axvline只有两个数据点，所以很难使用。

这就是它的作用：fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols = 4, figsize=(12,3))

(ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4) = axes

x = np.linspace(0,100,300)

noise = np.random.normal(scale=0.1, size=x.shape)

y = 2*x + 3 + noise

for ax in axes:

ax.plot(x, y)

ax.scatter(x,y, color='red')

ax.axhline(50., ls='--', color='green')

for ax in axes[1:]:

ax.set_xlim(20,21)

ax.set_ylim(40,45)

autoscale(ax3, 'y', margin=0.1)

autoscale(ax4, 'x', margin=0.1)

ax1.set_title('Raw data')

ax2.set_title('Specificed limits')

ax3.set_title('Autoscale y')

ax4.set_title('Autoscale x')

plt.tight_layout()