一、测试对象

对于接口类函数，即被GET、POST调用的函数

二、步骤

1. 使用request发送GET、POST请求

请提前安装requests模块

pip install requests

2. 使用unittest作单元测试

3. 使用.json()解析返回值

三、规则

1. 被测代码的一个python文件对应一个unittest测试文件

2. 每个unittest测试文件中可以包含多个类

3. 每个类对应一个被测函数

4. 每个类可以包含多个测试用例函数

5. 每个测试用例函数对应一个测试用例

四、举例

1. 对于仅仅渲染展示页面的函数

比如

def admin_booking_history(request):return render(request, './adminWeb/booking_history.html')

只需判断请求状态是否为200即可判断成功

import requests
import unittest"""被测代码的一个python文件对应一个unittest测试文件，当前测试adminWeb里views.py""""""一个接口一个类，当前测试admin_booking_history接口"""
class admin_booking_history(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/adminweb/bookinghistory"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}"""测试用例1：测试是否能够正常访问页面"""def test_get(self):res = requests.get(self.url)# 请求成功self.assertEqual(res.status_code,200)if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

2. 对于同时渲染数据和展示页面的函数

比如下面的函数读取了context渲染到html页面上

# 设置展示信息页面
def admin_setting_display_info(request):system_configurations = SystemConfiguration.objects.filter(Q(configuration_name='days_showed_at_most_one_time'))context = {}for system_configuration in system_configurations:temp = model_to_dict(system_configuration)print(temp)context[temp['configuration_name']] = temp['configuration_value']print(context)return render(request, './adminWeb/setting_display_info.html', context)

我们应该将数据和展示分离，也就是说，展示页面只展示，数据通过另外一个接口提供，即数据可以通过在html页面里使用ajax加载。这样就可以分开测试了

3. 需要POST提交的函数

比如

# 保存设置展示信息
@csrf_exempt
def admin_save_display_info(request):days_showed_at_most_one_time = request.POST.get('days_showed_at_most_one_time', None)if days_showed_at_most_one_time is None or days_showed_at_most_one_time == '':return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 1return_json['msg'] = '必须传递days_showed_at_most_one_time参数'return_json['data'] = {}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')defaults = dict()defaults['configuration_name'] = 'days_showed_at_most_one_time'defaults['configuration_value'] = days_showed_at_most_one_timeresult_days_showed_at_most_one_time = SystemConfiguration.objects.update_or_create(defaults=defaults,configuration_name='days_showed_at_most_one_time')print(result_days_showed_at_most_one_time)# update_or_create返回值为元组: (object, created)，# object为新建或者更新的对象，# created为一个布尔值，表示是新建还是更新，True为新建，False为更新context = {}context['result_days_showed_at_most_one_time'] = json.dumps(result_days_showed_at_most_one_time[1])print(context)return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 0return_json['msg'] = '修改成功'return_json['data'] = contextreturn HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')

测试函数为

import requests
import unittest"""被测代码的一个python文件对应一个unittest测试文件，当前测试adminWeb里views.py""""""一个接口一个类，当前测试admin_save_display_info接口"""
class admin_save_display_info(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/adminweb/save_display_info"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}"""测试用例1：必填参数为空"""def test_params_null(self):json ={}res = requests.post(self.url, headers=self.headers, data=json)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 1, data["msg"])"""测试用例2：是否保存成功"""def test_save(self):#body接口参数body = {"days_showed_at_most_one_time": 9}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 0, data["msg"])if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

4. 有的接口需要在用户登陆的情况下测试

比如测试下面的接口，其中读取了session信息

# 保存用户的预约信息
@csrf_exempt
def save_booking(request):# 校验是否已经登陆if request.session.get('is_login') is None:return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 2return_json['msg'] = '必须先实名登陆'return_json['data'] = {}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')selected_date_id = request.POST.get('selected_date_id', None)if selected_date_id is None or selected_date_id == '':return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 1return_json['msg'] = '必须传递selected_date_id参数'return_json['data'] = {}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')# 查询出该时间段的详情date = EveryDayBookingInfo.objects.filter(id=selected_date_id).first()selected_date = model_to_dict(date)print(selected_date)# 如果可预约人数小于等于0，则表示已经被预约完了if selected_date['remain_number'] <= 0:return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 3return_json['msg'] = '该时间段已经被预约完了'return_json['data'] = {}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')# TODO# 此处省略了校验该用户是否重复预约，同学们可以自己补充# 若该时间段没有被预约完，则扣减1update_result = EveryDayBookingInfo.objects.filter(id=selected_date_id).update(remain_number=(selected_date['remain_number']-1))# 将预约记录保存到数据库中add_result = BookingRecord.objects.create(user_id=request.session.get('user_id'),username=request.session.get('username'), datetime_id=selected_date['id'],datetime_start=selected_date['datetime_start'],datetime_end=selected_date['datetime_end'],submit_datetime=datetime.datetime.now(), is_main_order=1, main_order_id=0,status=1)result = {}result['update_result'] = update_resultresult['add_result'] = add_result.id# TODO# 此处省略了处理同行人的代码return_json = {}return_json['code'] = 0return_json['msg'] = '保存成功'return_json['data'] = resultreturn HttpResponse(json.dumps(return_json), content_type='application/json')

解决方案

现在浏览器正常登陆，获取sessionid

将sessionid放入到测试函数的headers中

import requests
import unittest"""被测代码的一个python文件对应一个unittest测试文件，当前测试adminWeb里views.py""""""一个接口一个类，当前测试save_booking接口"""
class save_booking(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/userweb/save_booking""""测试用例1：用户未登陆"""def test_unlogin(self):self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}body ={}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 2, data["msg"])"""测试用例2：用户未已登陆的情况下，未传递必要参数"""def test_login_and_params_null(self):self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded','Cookie': "sessionid=rcyydgtytt9olvgpusdo66eygzatpomx"}body ={# "selected_date_id": 54}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 1, data["msg"])if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

五、实操

新建一个测试文件

测试代码

import requests
import unittest"""被测代码的一个python文件对应一个unittest测试文件，当前测试adminWeb里views.py""""""一个接口一个类，当前测试admin_booking_history接口"""
class admin_booking_history(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/adminweb/bookinghistory"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}"""测试用例1：测试是否能够正常访问页面"""def test_get(self):res = requests.get(self.url)# 请求成功self.assertEqual(res.status_code,200)"""一个接口一个类，当前测试admin_save_display_info接口"""
class admin_save_display_info(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/adminweb/save_display_info"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}"""测试用例1：必填参数为空"""def test_params_null(self):json ={}res = requests.post(self.url, headers=self.headers, data=json)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 1, data["msg"])"""测试用例2：是否保存成功"""def test_save(self):#body接口参数body = {"days_showed_at_most_one_time": 9}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 0, data["msg"])"""一个接口一个类，当前测试save_booking接口"""
class save_booking(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/userweb/save_booking""""测试用例1：用户未登陆"""def test_unlogin(self):self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}body ={}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 2, data["msg"])"""测试用例2：用户未已登陆的情况下，未传递必要参数"""def test_login_and_params_null(self):self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded','Cookie': "sessionid=rcyydgtytt9olvgpusdo66eygzatpomx"}body ={# "selected_date_id": 54}res = requests.post(self.url, data=body, headers=self.headers)data = res.json()print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["code"], 1, data["msg"])if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

运行结果

六、更多情况请参考下面的文章和代码示例

stduy《python+request+unittest 接口测试练习》

https://www.cnblogs.com/gaoyuanyuan/p/9837771.html

import requests
import unittest
"""嘉宾查询接口"""
class GuestQuery(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url="http://127.0.0.1: 8000/api/get_event_list/""""使用错误的请求方式post 进行测试"""def test_method_post(self):res = requests.post(self.url)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"100" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"请求方法错误")"""使用get正确查询"""def test_method_get(self):res = requests.get(self.url)data = res.json()# print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code,200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"110)")self.assertEqual(data["message"],"查询成功")"""嘉宾添加接口"""
class GuestAdd(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1: 8000/api/add_event/"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}"""使用错误的请求方法get 进行测试"""def test_get_guest(self):res = requests.get(self.url)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code,200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"404" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"请求方法错误")"""必填参数为空"""def test_add_guest_params_null(self):json ={}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10020" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"parameter null")"""必填参数 值为空"""def test_add_guest_params_value_null(self):json = {"event_id": "","realname": "","phone": "","email": "","sign": ""}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()print(data)self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10021" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"parameter error")"""发布会id为不存在"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": 88888,"realname": "张三","phone": "15210001000","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10022" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event id null")"""发布会id为非整型"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": "123","realname": "张三","phone": "15210001000","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10023" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event status is not available")"""发布会id已经达到limit人数"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": "1","realname": "张三","phone": "15210001000","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10024" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event number is full")"""发布会已近结束"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": "10","realname": "张三","phone": "15210001000","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10025" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event has started")"""S使用已签到的手机号再次进行签到"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": "10","realname": "张三","phone": "15210001000","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10026" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"'the event guest phone number repeat")"""使用未签到的手机进行签到"""def test_add_guest_event_id(self):json = {"event_id": "10","realname": "张三","phone": "15210001001","email": "152100@qq.com","sign": "0"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)self.assertEqual(data["status"],"200" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"'add guest success")class Sign(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.url = "http://127.0.0.1: 8000/api/sign/"self.headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}"""使用错误的请求方法"""def test_method_get(self):res = requests.get(self.url)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"404" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"请求方法错误")"""请求参数为空"""def test_method_get(self):json = {}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10020" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"parameter is null")"""请求参数 值为空"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":"","phone":""}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10021" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"parameter error")"""发布会id不存在"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":9999,"phone":"15210001000"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10022" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event id null")"""发布会状态是关闭的"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":1,"phone":"15210001000"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10023" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event status is not available")"""当前时间大于发布会时间，发布会已经开始了"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":1,"phone":"15210001000"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10024" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"event has started")"""使用嘉宾表不存在的手机号测试"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":1,"phone":"1521888888"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10025" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"user phone null")"""使用其他发布会手机号测试"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":2,"phone":"1521888888"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10026" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"user did not participate in the conference")"""使用已签到的手机号测试"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":1,"phone":"15210001000"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"10027" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"user has sign in")"""正常签到"""def test_method_get(self):json = {"eid":1,"phone":"15210001001"}res = requests.post(self.url,json,self.headers)data = res.json()self.assertEqual(data["status"],"200" )self.assertEqual(data["message"],"sign success")if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

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