启动数据库实例，分为两步：第一步，启动监听；第二步，启动数据库实例。

进入到sqlplus启动实例

1. 切换到oracle用户

    [oracle@aiezfs bin]$ su - oracle 

2. 打开监听

    [oracle@aiezfs bin]$ ./lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 07-OCT-2014 15:41:02Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aiezfs/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                07-OCT-2014 15:41:04Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aiezfs/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully

3. 进入到sqlplus

    [oracle@aiezfs bin]$ ./sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 7 15:41:30 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

4. 通过sysdba连接

    SQL> conn / as sysdbaConnected to an idle instance.

5. 启动数据库实例

    SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 4.0486E+10 bytesFixed Size            4658128 bytesVariable Size         5368712240 bytesDatabase Buffers     3.5031E+10 bytesRedo Buffers           82210816 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.

6. 关闭数据库实例

    SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.

7. 退出sql

    SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

8. 关闭监听

    [oracle@aiezfs bin]$ ./lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 07-OCT-2014 16:39:54Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))The command completed successfully

通过dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库

1. 启动监听 lsnrctl start,同上

2. 启动实例

    [oracle@aiezfs bin]$ ./dbstart ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net ListenerUsage: ./dbstart ORACLE_HOME

   使用dbstart命令，需要指定变量ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER，此处等于ORACLE_HOME，可以在dbstart和dbshut脚本文件中，修改变量ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER的值。
   ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为
   ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME。

   修改后再执行./dbstart