Flutter应用进行自动化测试

前言

开发过程中，我们都会有一个很重要的环节，那就是测试。Flutter开发也一样，我们当我们完成了应用的开发之后，需要对我们的软件进行测试。市面上也有很多可以用于测试的一些自动化的软件。在这里介绍一下flutter自带的测试，我们可以通过这个插件，对我们的整个应用进行自动化的测试。

运行环境

[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 2.2.3, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19042.1110], locale zh-CN)• Flutter version 2.2.3 at D:\flutter• Framework revision f4abaa0735 (6 weeks ago), 2021-07-01 12:46:11 -0700• Engine revision 241c87ad80• Dart version 2.13.4• Pub download mirror https://pub.flutter-io.cn• Flutter download mirror https://storage.flutter-io.cn

安装依赖

首先，我们需要安装flutter_driver插件。安装完成以后，我们在项目中新建一个文件夹（我的文件名是test_driver自己定义文件夹名字）。这个文件夹就用于我们的测试代码的编写。

dev_dependencies:flutter_driver:sdk: fluttertest: any

代码编写

我要写的一个测试代码，就是我要通过代码去找到我需要的组件，比如按钮，我需要去点击它。滑动列表我需要往下划动到第多少页。然后我再往回划，切换到下一个页面，如此循环的。按照我们人类思维的流程，把整个项目全部模拟操作。

app.dart测试入口文件

import 'package:flutter_driver/driver_extension.dart';
import 'package:dynamic_theme/main.dart' as app;void main() {// This line enables the extension.enableFlutterDriverExtension();// Call the `main()` function of the app, or call `runApp` with// any widget you are interested in testing.app.main();
}

app_test.dart执行需要测试模块

我写了entrance的文件模块，里面包含了页面点击滚动的模拟事件，如果需要全模块的测试可以在main函数加多个group需要测试某个功能也可以按需测试。

import 'package:test/test.dart';import 'entrance.dart';void main() {group('切换导航滑动页面', entrance);
}

entrance.dart模拟测试脚本

import 'package:flutter_driver/flutter_driver.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';void entrance() {late FlutterDriver driver;// Connect to the Flutter driver before running any tests.setUpAll(() async {driver = await FlutterDriver.connect();});// Close the connection to the driver after the tests have completed.tearDownAll(() async {await driver.close();});
// test('starts at 0', () async {// Use the `driver.getText` method to verify the counter starts at 0.
// expect(await driver.getText(counterTextFinder), '0');
//    });test('切换页面', () async {await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2));await driver.tap(find.byValueKey('tab_3'));await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 5));await driver.tap(find.byValueKey('tab_2'));await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 5));await driver.tap(find.byValueKey('tab_1'));await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 5));await driver.tap(find.byValueKey('tab_0'));});test('滑动页面到底部', () async {await driver.runUnsynchronized(() async {final listFinder = find.byValueKey('message_list');final itemFinder = find.byValueKey('item_78');await driver.scrollUntilVisible(listFinder,itemFinder,dyScroll: -300.0,);});});test('滑动页面到顶部', () async {await driver.runUnsynchronized(() async {final listFinder = find.byValueKey('message_list');final itemFinder = find.byValueKey('item_1');await driver.scrollUntilVisible(listFinder,itemFinder,dyScroll: 300.0,);});});test('跳转页面', () async {// First, tap the button.await driver.tap(find.byValueKey('jump_list'));// Then, verify the counter text is incremented by 1.expect(await driver.getText(find.byValueKey('title')), 'NewList-路由传参');});test('返回页面', () async {await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 5));final buttonFinder = find.byValueKey('back');// First, tap the button.await driver.tap(buttonFinder);// Then, verify the counter text is incremented by 1.// expect(await driver.getText(counterTextFinder), '1');});
}

怎样找到我们需要的组件？

测试脚本使用find.byValueKey(‘key的名称’)来找到我们需要的组件，找到以后我们可以进行点击、滚动、双击等模拟操作。这里我使用的是find.byValueKey方法，下面介绍它的使用。

找到滚动列表，滚动某个位置

首先我们要找到我们需要滑动的列表，我find.byValueKey这个方法去找到滑动组件，在开始写业务代码的时候我已经加了一个key名称是message_list。key不要重复避免查找组件出现问题。

业务代码

EasyRefresh.custom(key: Key('message_list'),enableControlFinishRefresh: true,...

测试代码例子

driver.scrollUntilVisible模拟滑动，itemFinder参数表示滑动到key:item_78这个元素的时候就不滑动了，接下来每次滑动300像素。

test('滑动页面到底部', () async {await driver.runUnsynchronized(() async {final listFinder = find.byValueKey('message_list');final itemFinder = find.byValueKey('item_78');await driver.scrollUntilVisible(listFinder,itemFinder,dyScroll: -300.0,);});
});

driver支持的方法

-   [checkHealth](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/checkHealth.html)({[Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[Health](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/Health-class.html)>-   Checks the status of the Flutter Driver extension.-   [clearTimeline](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/clearTimeline.html)({[Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout: _kUnusuallyLongTimeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Clears all timeline events recorded up until now. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/clearTimeline.html)-   [close](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/close.html)() → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Closes the underlying connection to the VM service. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/close.html)-   [enterText](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/enterText.html)([String](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/String-class.html) text, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Enters `text` into the currently focused text input, such as the [EditableText](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/widgets/EditableText-class.html) widget. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/enterText.html)-   [forceGC](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/forceGC.html)() → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Force a garbage collection run in the VM.-   [getRenderTree](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getRenderTree.html)({[Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[RenderTree](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/RenderTree-class.html)>-   Returns a dump of the render tree.-   [getSemanticsId](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getSemanticsId.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[int](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/int-class.html)>-   Retrieves the semantics node id for the object returned by `finder`, or the nearest ancestor with a semantics node. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getSemanticsId.html)-   [getText](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getText.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[String](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/String-class.html)>-   Returns the text in the `Text` widget located by `finder`.-   [getVmFlags](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getVmFlags.html)() → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[List](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/List-class.html)<[Map](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Map-class.html)<[String](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/String-class.html), dynamic>>>-   Returns the Flags set in the Dart VM as JSON. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/getVmFlags.html)-   [requestData](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/requestData.html)([String](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/String-class.html) message, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[String](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/String-class.html)>-   Sends a string and returns a string. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/requestData.html)-   [runUnsynchronized](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/runUnsynchronized.html)<T>([Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<T> action(), { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<T>-   `action` will be executed with the frame sync mechanism disabled. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/runUnsynchronized.html)-   [screenshot](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/screenshot.html)() → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[List](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/List-class.html)<[int](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/int-class.html)>>-   Take a screenshot. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/screenshot.html)-   [scroll](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scroll.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) dx, [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) dy, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) duration, { [int](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/int-class.html) frequency: 60, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Tell the driver to perform a scrolling action. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scroll.html)-   [scrollIntoView](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scrollIntoView.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) alignment: 0.0, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Scrolls the Scrollable ancestor of the widget located by `finder` until the widget is completely visible. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scrollIntoView.html)-   [scrollUntilVisible](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scrollUntilVisible.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) scrollable, [SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) item, { [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) alignment: 0.0, [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) dxScroll: 0.0, [double](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/double-class.html) dyScroll: 0.0, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Repeatedly [scroll](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scroll.html) the widget located by `scrollable` by `dxScroll` and `dyScroll` until `item` is visible, and then use [scrollIntoView](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scrollIntoView.html) to ensure the item's final position matches `alignment`. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/scrollUntilVisible.html)-   [setSemantics](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/setSemantics.html)([bool](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/bool-class.html) enabled, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[bool](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/bool-class.html)>-   Turns semantics on or off in the Flutter app under test. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/setSemantics.html)-   [setTextEntryEmulation](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/setTextEntryEmulation.html)({[bool](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/bool-class.html) enabled, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Configures text entry emulation. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/setTextEntryEmulation.html)-   [startTracing](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/startTracing.html)({[List](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/List-class.html)<[TimelineStream](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/TimelineStream-class.html)> streams: _defaultStreams, [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout: _kUnusuallyLongTimeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Starts recording performance traces. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/startTracing.html)-   [stopTracingAndDownloadTimeline](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/stopTracingAndDownloadTimeline.html)({[Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout: _kUnusuallyLongTimeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[Timeline](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/Timeline-class.html)>-   Stops recording performance traces and downloads the timeline. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/stopTracingAndDownloadTimeline.html)-   [tap](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/tap.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Taps at the center of the widget located by `finder`.-   [traceAction](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/traceAction.html)([Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html) action(), { [List](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/List-class.html)<[TimelineStream](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/TimelineStream-class.html)> streams: _defaultStreams, [bool](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/bool-class.html) retainPriorEvents: false }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<[Timeline](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/Timeline-class.html)>-   Runs `action` and outputs a performance trace for it. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/traceAction.html)-   [waitFor](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/waitFor.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Waits until `finder` locates the target.-   [waitForAbsent](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/waitForAbsent.html)([SerializableFinder](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/SerializableFinder-class.html) finder, { [Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Waits until `finder` can no longer locate the target.-   [waitUntilNoTransientCallbacks](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/waitUntilNoTransientCallbacks.html)({[Duration](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-core/Duration-class.html) timeout }) → [Future](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/dart-async/Future-class.html)<void>-   Waits until there are no more transient callbacks in the queue. [[...]](https://docs-flutter-io.firebaseapp.com/flutter/flutter_driver/FlutterDriver/waitUntilNoTransientCallbacks.html)

find方法支持的查找方式find.text find.byValueKey find.bySemanticsLabel find.pageBack find.byType

SerializableFinder text(String text) => ByText(text);/// Finds widgets by [key]. Only [String] and [int] values can be used.
SerializableFinder byValueKey(dynamic key) => ByValueKey(key);/// Finds widgets with a tooltip with the given [message].
SerializableFinder byTooltip(String message) => ByTooltipMessage(message);/// Finds widgets with the given semantics [label].
SerializableFinder bySemanticsLabel(Pattern label) => BySemanticsLabel(label);/// Finds widgets whose class name matches the given string.
SerializableFinder byType(String type) => ByType(type);/// Finds the back button on a Material or Cupertino page's scaffold.
SerializableFinder pageBack() => const PageBack();

run flutter drive --target=test_driver/app.dart

现在我们已经写好了自动化测试脚本run flutter drive --target=test_driver/app.dart命令，会在控制台上面看到很多输出的信息，说明已经开始自动化测试了，最后我们会看到控制台输出了All tests passed!的说明已经测试成功了。

测试模拟

测试输出

D:\project\dynamic_theme>flutter drive --target=test_driver/app.dart
Running "flutter pub get" in dynamic_theme...                    1,399ms
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'... Done                        28.3s
√  Built build\app\outputs\flutter-apk\app-debug.apk.
Installing build\app\outputs\flutter-apk\app.apk...                803ms
00:00 +0: 切换导航滑动页面 (setUpAll)VMServiceFlutterDriver: Connecting to Flutter application at http://127.0.0.1:62607/4xhdHTUuf_U=/
VMServiceFlutterDriver: Isolate found with number: 3474149526286947
VMServiceFlutterDriver: Isolate is paused at start.
VMServiceFlutterDriver: Attempting to resume isolate
I/flutter ( 2384): debug版本--KK
VMServiceFlutterDriver: Connected to Flutter application.
00:02 +0: 切换导航滑动页面 切换页面I/flutter ( 2384): initial link:
I/flutter ( 2384): initialLink--
00:20 +1: 切换导航滑动页面 滑动页面到底部VMServiceFlutterDriver: waitFor message is taking a long time to complete...
00:39 +2: 切换导航滑动页面 滑动页面到顶部VMServiceFlutterDriver: waitFor message is taking a long time to complete...
00:52 +3: 切换导航滑动页面 跳转页面I/flutter ( 2384): 进入NewView
I/flutter ( 2384): _NewViewState#0c082(lifecycle state: initialized)
00:53 +4: 切换导航滑动页面 返回页面I/flutter ( 2384): 数据传参
00:58 +5: 切换导航滑动页面 (tearDownAll)00:58 +5: All tests passed!  -

项目地址

到这里就已经结束，感兴趣的小伙伴可以去下载源码体验。如果不能运行请先检查flutter的版本。

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