在 Exchange Server 中创建用户邮箱Create user mailboxes in Exchange Server

2020/11/10

本文内容

用户邮箱是与人员关联的 Exchange 邮箱，通常是每个人一个邮箱。User mailboxes are Exchange mailboxes that are associated with people, typically one mailbox per person. 每个用户邮箱都有一个关联的 Active Directory 帐户，该帐户使用户能够访问邮箱以发送和接收电子邮件，以及创建会议和约会。Each user mailbox has an associated Active Directory account that gives the person access to the mailbox to send and receive email messages, and create meetings and appointments.

当您在 Exchange 中创建新的用户邮箱时，还会同时创建相应的 Active Directory 用户。When you create a new user mailbox in Exchange, you also create the corresponding Active Directory user at the same time. 或者，您可以为没有关联邮箱的现有 Active Directory 帐户创建新邮箱。Or, you can create a new mailbox for an existing Active Directory account that doesn't have an associated mailbox. 这也称为 启用邮箱 的现有用户。This is known as mailbox-enabling an existing user.

您可以使用 Exchange 管理中心 (EAC) 或 Exchange 命令行管理程序在 Exchange Server 中创建用户邮箱。You can create user mailboxes in Exchange Server by using the Exchange admin center (EAC) or the Exchange Management Shell. 下表介绍了用户邮箱的一些重要属性。The following table describes some of the important properties for user mailboxes.

PropertyProperty

必需还是可选Required or optional

描述Description

AliasAlias

可选Optional

Exchange 别名 (也称为邮箱的 邮件昵称 ) 。The Exchange alias (also known as the mail nickname ) for the mailbox. 最大长度为 64 个字符。The maximum length is 64 characters. 电子邮件地址中允许的有效字符为字母、数字和 ASCII 文本字符。Valid characters are letters, numbers and ASCII text characters that are allowed in email addresses. 例如，允许使用句点，但是每个句点的周围必须有其他有效字符(例如，pilar.pinilla)。For example, periods are allowed, but each period must be surrounded by other valid characters (for example, pilar.pinilla).

Alias 值用于生成 () 的主电子邮件地址 @ 。The alias value is used to generate the primary email address ( @ ). 如果不指定别名值，则使用帐户名称 (用户主体名称) 中的用户名部分。If you don't specify an alias value, the username part of the account name (user principal name) is used.

别名值必须是唯一的。The alias value must be unique.

注意 ：不要在别名中使用撇号 ( ") 或引号 (" ) 。Note : Don't use apostrophes (') or quotation marks (") in the alias. 虽然允许使用这些字符，但它们可能会在以后导致问题。Although these characters are allowed, they might cause problems later.

显示名称Display name

EAC：必需EAC: Required

Exchange 命令行管理程序：可选Exchange Management Shell: Optional

标识 EAC 中的邮箱，并在 Outlook 和 web 上的 Outlook 中的地址列表中 (以前称为 Outlook Web App) 。Identifies the mailbox in the EAC, and in address lists in Outlook and Outlook on the web (formerly known as Outlook Web App). 长度不得超过 256 个字符。The maximum length is 256 characters. 允许使用空格和其他文本字符。Spaces and other text characters are allowed.

在 EAC 中，显示名称由输入的名字、中间名首字母和姓氏的值填充，但可以指定自定义值。In the EAC, the display name is populated by the values that you enter for the first name, middle initial, and last name, but you can specify a custom value.

在 Exchange 命令行管理程序中，如果没有指定显示名称的值，则使用 name 属性的值。In the Exchange Management Shell, if you don't specify a value for the display name, the value of the Name property is used.

显示名称值不必是唯一的，但如果多个邮箱具有相同显示名称将会造成混乱。The display name value doesn't need to be unique, but having multiple mailboxes with the same display name would be confusing.

NameName

必需Required

指定 Active Directory 中的对象的名称。Specifies the name of the object in Active Directory. 只有管理员才能在 Exchange 或 Active Directory 管理工具中看到此值。Only administrators see this value in Exchange or Active Directory management tools. 最大长度为 64 个字符。The maximum length is 64 characters. 允许使用空格和其他文本字符。Spaces and other text characters are allowed.

名称值必须是唯一的。The name value must be unique.

在开始之前，您需要知道什么？What do you need to know before you begin?

完成每个用户邮箱任务的估计时间：2 至 5 分钟。Estimated time to complete each user mailbox task: 2 to 5 minutes.

有关 EAC 的详细信息，请参阅 exchange Server 中的 exchange 管理中心。For more information about the EAC, see Exchange admin center in Exchange Server. 若要了解如何在本地 Exchange 组织中打开 Exchange 命令行管理程序，请参阅 Open the Exchange Management Shell。To learn how to open the Exchange Management Shell in your on-premises Exchange organization, see Open the Exchange Management Shell.

您必须先获得权限，然后才能执行此过程或多个过程。若要查看所需的权限，请参阅 收件人权限主题中的"收件人设置权限"部分。You need to be assigned permissions before you can perform this procedure or procedures. To see what permissions you need, see the "Recipient Provisioning Permissions" section in the Recipients Permissions topic.

若要了解本主题中的过程可能适用的键盘快捷键，请参阅 Exchange 管理中心内的键盘快捷键。For information about keyboard shortcuts that may apply to the procedures in this topic, see Keyboard shortcuts in the Exchange admin center.

提示

创建用户邮箱Create user mailboxes

本节中的过程介绍如何创建新邮箱和关联的 Active Directory 用户帐户。The procedures in this section describe how to create a new mailbox and the associated Active Directory user account.

使用 EAC 创建用户邮箱Use the EAC to create user mailboxes

在 EAC 中，转到 " 收件人 " " > 邮箱 "。In the EAC, go to Recipients > Mailboxes.

单击 " 新建 (

) 然后选择 " 用户邮箱 "。Click New (

) and then select User mailbox.

注意 ：链接的邮箱是与受信任) Active Directory 林的不同 (中的用户帐户关联的本地邮箱。Note : A linked mailbox is a local mailbox that's associated with a user account in a different (trusted) Active Directory forest. 有关详细信息，请参阅 管理链接的邮箱。For more information, see Manage linked mailboxes.

在“ 新建用户邮箱 ”页上，配置下列设置。On the New user mailbox page, configure the following settings. 需要用星号 () 标记的设置 * 。Settings marked with an asterisk (*) are required.

AliasAlias

现有用户 或 新用户 ：选择 " 新建用户 "。Existing user or New user : Select New user.

名First name

缩写Initials

姓Last name

* 显示名称 ：默认情况下，将使用您在 " 名字 "、" 姓名缩写 " 和 " 姓氏 " 字段中输入的名称填充此字段，但您可以覆盖它。* Display name : By default, this field is populated with the names you enter in the First name , Initials , and Last name fields, but you can override it. 长度不得超过 256 个字符。The maximum length is 256 characters.

* 名称 ：默认情况下，将使用您在 " 名字 "、" 姓名缩写 " 和 " 姓氏 " 字段中输入的名称填充此字段，但您可以覆盖它。* Name : By default, this field is populated with the names you enter in the First name , Initials , and Last name field, but you can override it. 最大长度为64个字符，并且值在您的组织中必须是唯一的。The maximum length is 64 characters, and the value must be unique in your organization.

组织单位 ：通常情况下，用户帐户的默认位置是用户容器。Organizational unit : Typically, the default location for the user account is the Users container. 若要进行更改，请单击 " 浏览 "，然后选择要在其中创建帐户的 OU 或容器。To change it, click Browse and select the OU or container where you want to create the account.

* 用户登录名 ：这是创建并与邮箱关联的 Active Directory 用户帐户。* User logon name : This is the Active Directory user account that's created and associated with the mailbox.

注意 ：Notes :

不要使用撇号 (') 或引号 (")。Don't use apostrophes (') or quotation marks ("). 尽管允许使用这些字符，但它们可能会在以后导致问题(例如，向邮箱分配访问权限)。Although these characters are allowed, they might cause problems later (for example, assigning access permissions to the mailbox).

如果此值与 Alias 值不相同，则在电子邮件域和 Active Directory 域) 相同的情况下，用户的电子邮件地址和帐户名称将不同 (重要。If this value is different than the Alias value, the user's email address and account name will be different (important if the email domain and the Active Directory domain are the same).

* 新密码 ：验证值是否符合组织的密码长度、复杂性和历史要求。* New Password : Verify the value complies with your organization's password length, complexity, and history requirements.

* 确认密码* Confirm password

下次登录时需要更改密码 ：选中此复选框可强制用户在首次登录邮箱时更改初始密码。Require password change on next logon : Select this check box to force the user to change the initial password when they first sign in to the mailbox.

您可以单击 " 保存 " 来创建邮箱和关联的 Active Directory 用户帐户，也可以单击 " 更多选项 " 配置以下其他设置：You can click Save to create the mailbox and the associated Active Directory user account, or you can click More options to configure the following additional settings:

邮箱数据库 ：单击 " 浏览 " 选择保留邮箱的邮箱数据库。Mailbox database : Click Browse to select the mailbox database that holds the mailbox.

为此用户创建内部部署存档邮箱 ：选中此复选框可为邮箱创建存档邮箱，然后单击 " 浏览 " 以选择包含存档邮箱的邮箱数据库。Create an on-premises archive mailbox for this user : Select this check box to create an archive mailbox for the mailbox, and then click Browse to select the mailbox database that holds the archive mailbox. 项目将根据保留策略设置自动从主邮箱移动到存档。Items are automatically moved from the primary mailbox to the archive based on the retention policy settings.

通讯簿策略 ： abp 定义全局地址列表 (GAL) 、脱机通讯簿 (OAB) 、会议室列表以及一组地址列表。Address book policy : ABPs define a global address list (GAL), an offline address book (OAB), a room list, and a set of address lists. ABP 使用户可以在 Outlook 和 web 上的 Outlook 中访问自定义的 GAL。An ABP gives the user access to a customized GAL in Outlook and Outlook on the web.

完成时，请单击“保存”。When you're finished, click Save.

使用 Exchange 命令行管理程序创建用户邮箱Use the Exchange Management Shell to create user mailboxes

若要在 Exchange 命令行管理程序中创建用户邮箱，请使用以下语法：To create a user mailbox in the Exchange Management Shell, use the following syntax:

New-Mailbox -Name -UserPrincipalName -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString -String '' -AsPlainText -Force) [-Alias ] [-FirstName ] [-LastName ] [-DisplayName ] -[OrganizationalUnit ]

此示例为 Pilar Pinilla 创建了一个新的邮箱和 Active Directory 用户帐户，并具有以下设置：This example creates a new mailbox and Active Directory user account for Pilar Pinilla with the following settings:

必需参数 ：Required parameters :

名称 ： Pilar Pinilla。Name : Pilar Pinilla. 此值还用于显示名称中，因为我们不使用 DisplayName 参数。This value is also used for the display name, because we aren't using the DisplayName parameter.

UserPrincipalName ： Active Directory 帐户名称为 pilarp@contoso.com 。UserPrincipalName : The Active Directory account name is pilarp@contoso.com.

密码 ： Pa$$word1Password : Pa$$word1

可选参数 ：Optional parameters :

FirstName ： PilarFirstName : Pilar

LastName ： PinillaLastName : Pinilla

别名值是 pilarp 因为我们没有使用 alias 参数，而 pilarp 是从 UserPrincipalName 参数值中获取。The alias value is pilarp because we aren't using the Alias parameter, and pilarp is taken from the UserPrincipalName parameter value.

New-Mailbox -Name "Pilar Pinilla" -UserPrincipalName pilarp@contoso.com -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'Pa$$word1' -AsPlainText -Force) -FirstName Pilar -LastName Pinilla

有关语法和参数的详细信息，请参阅 New-Mailbox。For detailed syntax and parameter information, see New-Mailbox.

您如何知道这有效？How do you know this worked?

要检查是否成功创建了用户邮箱，请使用以下过程之一：To verify that you've successfully created a user mailbox, use either of the following procedures:

在 EAC 中，转到 " 收件人 > " " 邮箱 "，并验证邮箱是否显示在列表中。In the EAC, go to Recipients > Mailboxes , and verify the mailbox is displayed in the list.

在 Exchange 命令行管理程序中， 将替换为您使用的 Name 参数值，并运行以下命令：In the Exchange Management Shell, replace with the Name parameter value that you used, and run the following command:

Get-Mailbox -Identity | Format-List Name,DisplayName,Alias,PrimarySmtpAddress,Database

为现有的用户帐户创建邮箱Create mailboxes for existing user accounts

当您启用邮箱的用户帐户时，只能选择现有的尚未启用邮件的 Active Directory 用户 (没有邮件用户或已经有关联邮箱的帐户) 。When you mailbox-enable a user account, you can only select existing Active Directory users that aren't already mail-enabled (no mail users or accounts that already have an associated mailbox).

使用 EAC 为现有的用户帐户创建邮箱Use the EAC to create mailboxes for existing user accounts

在 EAC 中，转到 " 收件人 " " > 邮箱 "。In the EAC, go to Recipients > Mailboxes.

单击 " 新建 (

) 然后选择 " 用户邮箱 "。Click New (

) and then select User mailbox.

在“ 新建用户邮箱 ”页上，配置下列设置。On the New user mailbox page, configure the following settings.

别名 ：此设置是可选的。Alias : This setting is optional.

注意 ：Notes :

不要使用撇号 (') 或引号 (")。Don't use apostrophes (') or quotation marks ("). 虽然允许使用这些字符，但它们可能会在以后导致问题。Although these characters are allowed, they might cause problems later.

如果此值不同于用户主体名称的 username 部分，则用户的电子邮件地址和帐户名称将 (重要(如果电子邮件域和 Active Directory 域相同) )。If this value is different than the username part of the user principal name, the user's email address and account name will be different (important if the email domain and the Active Directory domain are the same).

现有用户 或 新用户 ：验证是否已选择 " 现有用户 "，然后单击 " 浏览 " 选择一个可用帐户。Existing user or New user : Verify Existing user is selected, and then click Browse to select an available account.

可以单击“ 保存 ”来创建邮箱，也可以单击“ 更多选项 ”配置以下其他设置：You can click Save to create the mailbox, or you can click More options to configure the following additional settings:

邮箱数据库 ：单击 " 浏览 " 选择保留邮箱的邮箱数据库。Mailbox database : Click Browse to select the mailbox database that holds the mailbox.

为此用户创建内部部署存档邮箱 ：选中此复选框可为邮箱创建存档邮箱，然后单击 " 浏览 " 以选择包含存档邮箱的邮箱数据库。Create an on-premises archive mailbox for this user : Select this check box to create an archive mailbox for the mailbox, and then click Browse to select the mailbox database that holds the archive mailbox. 项目将根据保留策略设置自动从主邮箱移动到存档。Items are automatically moved from the primary mailbox to the archive based on the retention policy settings.

通讯簿策略 ： abp 定义全局地址列表 (GAL) 、脱机通讯簿 (OAB) 、会议室列表以及一组地址列表。Address book policy : ABPs define a global address list (GAL), an offline address book (OAB), a room list, and a set of address lists. ABP 使用户可以在 Outlook 和 web 上的 Outlook 中访问自定义的 GAL。An ABP gives the user access to a customized GAL in Outlook and Outlook on the web.

完成时，请单击“保存”。When you're finished, click Save.

使用 Exchange 命令行管理程序为现有的用户帐户创建邮箱Use the Exchange Management Shell to create mailboxes for existing user accounts

若要为现有的用户帐户创建邮箱，请使用以下语法：To create a mailbox for an existing user account, use the following syntax:

Enable-Mailbox -Identity [-Alias ] [-DisplayName ] [-Database ]

本示例在名为 UsersMailboxDatabase 的邮箱数据中心为名为 Kathleen Reiter，帐户名称(用户主体名称)为 kreiter@contoso.com 的现有用户创建一个邮箱。This example creates a mailbox in the mailbox database named UsersMailboxDatabase for the existing user named Kathleen Reiter, whose account name (user principal name) is kreiter@contoso.com.

因为我们没有使用 alias 参数，所以别名值为 kreiter 。Because we aren't using the Alias parameter, the alias value is kreiter.

由于我们不使用 DisplayName 参数，因此将 Active Directory 中的 name 属性的值用作显示名称。Because we aren't using the DisplayName parameter, the value of the name attribute in Active Directory is used as the display name.

Enable-Mailbox -Identity kreiter@contoso.com -Database UsersMailboxDatabase

此示例查找所有尚未启用邮件且不是系统帐户的用户帐户( userPrincipalName 属性不为空)，然后为这些帐户创建邮箱。This example finds all user accounts that aren't mail-enabled and that aren't system accounts (the userPrincipalName attribute isn't blank), and then creates mailboxes for those accounts.

Get-User -RecipientTypeDetails User -Filter "UserPrincipalName -ne `$null" -ResultSize unlimited | Enable-Mailbox

For detailed syntax and parameter information, see Enable-Mailbox and Get-User.

您如何知道这有效？How do you know this worked?

若要验证是否成功为现有用户创建了邮箱，请使用以下过程之一：To verify that you've successfully created a mailbox for an existing user, use either of the following procedures:

在 EAC 中，转到 " 收件人 " " > 邮箱 "，并验证邮箱是否显示在列表中。In the EAC, go to Recipients > Mailboxes and verify the mailbox is displayed in the list.

在 Exchange 命令行管理程序中，将替换 为用户的 name 属性，然后运行以下命令：In the Exchange Management Shell, replace with the name attribute of the user, and run the following command:

Get-Mailbox -Identity | Format-List Name,DisplayName,Alias,PrimarySmtpAddress,Database