简介

本文以使用 innodb 引擎为例展示从ibd文件解析索引数据的方法，代码实现主要参考 https://blog.jcole.us/innodb/ ，这上面对innodb *.ibd 文件中不同类型page的组织方式、page header信息的格式、主键与二级索引的格式、记录的格式等做了比较详细的描述。

从 *.ibd文件中可以解析得到page、index等的属性信息，但是具体的数据是连在一起的二进制串(主键record 中包含其他fields的数据，当然，长度过长的fields的数据不会直接存放在这里)https://blog.jcole.us/2013/01/10/the-physical-structure-of-records-in-innodb/，如果不知道每个fields的属性信息，就无法解析。这时可以使用SDI(Serialized Dictionary Information)，SDI 同样存放在 *.ibd文件中，可以在解析*.ibd文件时，根据page 的类型得到。在该文件中，数据以zlib压缩后的json格式存放，所以在解析时需要使用到zlib解压。在SDI中可以拿到每个列、索引以及表的信息等，这样就可以用于解析二进制的fields数据，这部分的实现参考了MySQL中的ibd2sdi。

代码示例

以下代码仅仅是简单的功能演示，仅支持字段类型为int，且没有对文件的校验等操作。如果要从二进制数据中正确划分其他类型的字段，可以在509行后加上设置对应字段的长度的代码。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <rapidjson/document.h>
#include <vector>typedef uint64_t ulint;
typedef uint8_t u8;
typedef uint16_t u16;
typedef uint32_t u32;
typedef uint64_t u64;
typedef uint8_t byte;#define ALLOC(buf, n) buf = (byte *)malloc(n)
#define FREE(buf) free(buf)
#define PAGE_SIZE (1 << 14) // 16KB
#define U16_MAX 0xffff#define DATA_INT 4       /* integer: can be any size 1 - 8 bytes */#define DATA_INT_TYPE 4constexpr u16 FIL_PAGE_SDI = 17853;constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_PAGE_LEVEL = 26;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_PAGE_DATA = 38;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_N_RECS = 16;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_N_NEW_BYTES = 5;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_REC_TYPE = 3;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_REC_NEXT = 2;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_DATA_TYPE_LEN = 4;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_DATA_TYPE = 0;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_DATA_ID_LEN = 8;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_DATA_ID = 4;
constexpr u16 SDI_OFFSET_BLOB_ALLOWED = 4;
constexpr u16 REC_TYPE_ORDINARY = 0;
constexpr u16 REC_TYPE_NODE_PTR = 1;
constexpr u16 REC_TYPE_INF = 2;
constexpr u16 REC_TYPE_SUP = 3;
constexpr u16 REC_OFF_DATA_VARCHAR = 33;constexpr u16 PAGE_N_HEAP = 4;
constexpr u16 PAGE_HEADER = 38;
constexpr u16 FSEG_HEADER_SIZE = 10;
constexpr u16 REC_NEW_INFO_BITS = 5;
constexpr u16 REC_OLD_INFO_BITS = 6;
constexpr u16 PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM = PAGE_HEADER + 36 + 2 * FSEG_HEADER_SIZE +SDI_OFFSET_N_NEW_BYTES;
constexpr u16 REC_INFO_DELETED_FLAG = 0x20;
constexpr u16 REC_INFO_BITS_SHIFT = 0;
constexpr u16 REC_NEXT = 2;
constexpr u16 REC_OFF_TYPE = 3;
constexpr u16 BTR_EXTERN_LEN = 12;
constexpr u16 REC_OFF_DATA_UNCOMP_LEN = 25;
constexpr u16 REC_OFF_DATA_COMP_LEN = 29;constexpr u16 FIL_PAGE_INDEX = 17855;constexpr u16 OFFSET_FILE_PAGE_NO  = 4;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_FILE_SPACE_NO = 34;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_FILE_PAGE_TYPE = 24;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_INDEX_ID = 66;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_PAGE_LEVEL = 64;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_NUM_RECORDS = 54;constexpr u16 OFFSET_INFIMUM_OFFSET = 97;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_INFIMUM_REC_TYPE = 95;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_INFIMUM_N_OWN = 94;constexpr u16 OFFSET_SUP_N_OWN = 107;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_SUP_REC_TYPE = 108;
constexpr u16 OFFSET_SUP_NEXT_OFFSET = 110;constexpr u16 OFFSET_USER_RECS = 120;struct index_t {byte *str_;bool m_is_pk_;u16 m_page_level_;u16 m_num_records_;u8  m_inf_n_own_;u16 m_inf_rec_type_;u16 m_inf_next_offset_;u8 m_sup_n_own_;u16 m_sup_rec_type_;u16 m_sup_next_offset_;u32 m_space_no_;u32 m_page_no_;u64 m_index_id_;std::vector<u16> fields_offsets_;std::vector<byte *> recs_;index_t(bool is_pk, u16 page_level, u16 num_records,u8 inf_n_own,u16 inf_rec_type, u16 inf_next_offset,u8 sup_n_own, u8 sup_rec_type,u16 sup_next_offset,u32 space_no, u32 page_no, u64 index_id): index_t(){m_is_pk_ = is_pk;m_page_level_ = page_level;m_num_records_ = num_records;m_inf_n_own_ = inf_n_own;m_inf_rec_type_ = inf_rec_type;m_inf_next_offset_ = inf_next_offset;m_sup_n_own_ = sup_n_own;m_sup_rec_type_ = sup_rec_type;m_sup_next_offset_ = sup_next_offset;m_space_no_ = space_no;m_page_no_ = page_no;m_index_id_ = index_id;}index_t(const index_t &other):index_t() {m_is_pk_ = other.m_is_pk_;m_page_level_ = other.m_page_level_;m_num_records_ = other.m_num_records_;m_inf_n_own_ = other.m_inf_n_own_;m_inf_rec_type_ = other.m_inf_rec_type_;m_inf_next_offset_ = other.m_inf_next_offset_;m_sup_n_own_ = other.m_sup_n_own_;m_sup_rec_type_ = other.m_sup_rec_type_;m_sup_next_offset_ = other.m_sup_next_offset_;m_space_no_ = other.m_space_no_;m_page_no_ = other.m_page_no_;m_index_id_ = other.m_index_id_;}const char *str() {assert(str_ != NULL);memset(str_, 0, 1024);sprintf((char*)str_, "[%s Index space=%u, page=%u,\
level=%hu, num_records=%hu, index_id=%lu]\n\
\tInfimum Record:\n\
\t    rec_type=%hu, next_offset=%hu, n_own=%hhu\n",(m_is_pk_ ? "Clust" : "Secondary"),m_space_no_, m_page_no_, m_page_level_,m_num_records_, m_index_id_,m_inf_rec_type_, m_inf_next_offset_, m_inf_n_own_);for (u32 i = 0; i < recs_.size(); ++i) {sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_), "\t Entry [");for (u32 j = 1; j < fields_offsets_.size(); ++j) {sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_), "0x");for (u32 k = 0; k < fields_offsets_[j] - fields_offsets_[j-1]; ++k) {sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_),"%02x", *(recs_[i] + fields_offsets_[j - 1] + k));}sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_), "  ");}sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_), "]\n");}sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_), "\tSupremum Record:\n\
\t    rec_type=%hu, next_offset=%hu, n_own=%hhu",m_sup_rec_type_, m_sup_next_offset_, m_sup_n_own_);return (const char*)str_;}~index_t() {FREE(str_);}private:index_t():m_is_pk_(false), m_page_level_(0),m_num_records_(0),m_inf_n_own_(0),m_inf_rec_type_(0), m_inf_next_offset_(0),m_sup_n_own_(0), m_sup_rec_type_(0),m_sup_next_offset_(0),m_space_no_(0), m_page_no_(0), m_index_id_(0) {ALLOC(str_, 1024);assert(str_ != NULL);}
};struct column_t {char m_name_[32];u16 m_pos_;u16 m_char_len_;byte *str_;column_t(const char *name, u16 pos, u16 char_len):column_t() {strncpy(m_name_, name, strlen(name) + 1);m_pos_ = pos;m_char_len_ = char_len;}column_t(const column_t &other):column_t() {strncpy(m_name_, other.m_name_, strlen(other.m_name_) + 1);m_pos_ = other.m_pos_;m_char_len_ = other.m_char_len_;}const char *str() {assert(str_);memset(str_, 0, 256);sprintf((char *)str_, "[Column name=[%s], pos=%hu, char_len=%hu]\n",m_name_,m_pos_,m_char_len_);return (char *)str_;}~column_t() {FREE(str_);}private:column_t():m_pos_(0), m_char_len_(0) {memset(m_name_, 0, 32);ALLOC(str_, 256);}
};struct index_meta_t {char m_name_[32];struct ele_t {column_t *m_col_;} m_eles_[64];u16 m_ele_cnt_;u16 m_id_;byte *str_;index_meta_t(const char *name, u16 id): index_meta_t() {strncpy(m_name_, name, strlen(name) + 1);m_id_ = id;}index_meta_t(const index_meta_t &other): index_meta_t() {strncpy(m_name_, other.m_name_, strlen(other.m_name_) + 1);m_ele_cnt_ = other.m_ele_cnt_;m_id_ = other.m_id_;for (u32 i = 0; i < m_ele_cnt_; ++i) {m_eles_[i].m_col_ = other.m_eles_[i].m_col_;}}void add_ele(column_t *col) {m_eles_[m_ele_cnt_++].m_col_ = col;}const char *str() {assert(str_);memset(str_, 0, 2048);sprintf((char *)str_,"[Index id=%hu name=[%s] with %hu ele]\n",m_id_, m_name_, m_ele_cnt_);for (u16 i = 0; i < m_ele_cnt_; ++i) {sprintf((char *)str_ + strlen((char *)str_),"\t%s\n", m_eles_[i].m_col_->str());}return (char *)str_;}~index_meta_t() {FREE(str_);}private:index_meta_t(){memset(m_name_, 0, 32);m_ele_cnt_ = 0;m_id_ = 0;ALLOC(str_, 2048);}};u8 mach_read_from_1(const byte *b) {assert(b != NULL);return (u8)(b[0]);
}u16 mach_read_from_2(const byte *b) {return (((u16)(b[0])) << 8) | ((u16)(b[1]));
}u32 mach_read_from_4(const byte *b) {return (((u32)b[0]) << 24) | (((u32)b[1]) << 16)| (((u32)b[2]) << 8) | (((u32)b[3]));
} u64 mach_read_from_8(const byte *b) {return (((u64)b[0]) << 56) |(((u64)b[1]) << 48)|(((u64)b[2]) << 40) |(((u64)b[3]) << 32)|(((u64)b[4]) << 24) |(((u64)b[5]) << 16)|(((u64)b[6]) << 8) | ((u64)b[7]);
}u32 read_page_no(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_4(page + OFFSET_FILE_PAGE_NO);
}u32 read_space_no(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_4(page + OFFSET_FILE_SPACE_NO);
}u16 read_page_type(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_FILE_PAGE_TYPE);
}u64 read_index_id(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_8(page + OFFSET_INDEX_ID);
}u16 read_page_level(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_PAGE_LEVEL);
}u16 read_num_records(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_NUM_RECORDS);
}u16 read_infimum_next_offset(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_INFIMUM_OFFSET);
}u16 read_infimum_rec_type(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_INFIMUM_REC_TYPE) & 0x7;
}u8 read_infimum_n_own(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_1(page + OFFSET_INFIMUM_N_OWN) & 0xf;
}u8 read_sup_n_own(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_1(page + OFFSET_SUP_N_OWN) & 0xf;
}u16 read_sup_rec_type(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_SUP_REC_TYPE) & 0x7;
}u16 read_sup_next_offset(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + OFFSET_SUP_NEXT_OFFSET);
}u16 read_rec_next_offset(byte *rec) {return mach_read_from_2(rec - REC_NEXT);
}FILE *open_file(char *fname) {FILE *fp = fopen(fname, "rb");return fp;
}bool next_page(FILE *fp, byte *buf) {size_t ret = fread(buf, 1, PAGE_SIZE, fp);bool eof = feof(fp);assert(ret == PAGE_SIZE || eof);return !eof;
}void read_page_with_no(FILE *fp, u32 page_no, byte *buf) {u64 pos = ftell(fp);fseek(fp, page_no * PAGE_SIZE, SEEK_SET);size_t ret = fread(buf, 1, PAGE_SIZE, fp);bool eof = feof(fp);assert(ret == PAGE_SIZE && !eof);fseek(fp, pos, SEEK_SET);
}void load_index_fields(byte *page, u16 bg_offset,index_meta_t &index_meta,std::vector<byte *> &recs,std::vector<u16> &fields_offsets) {u16 offset = bg_offset;fields_offsets.emplace_back(0);for (u32 i = 0; i < index_meta.m_ele_cnt_; ++i) {fields_offsets.emplace_back(index_meta.m_eles_[i].m_col_->m_char_len_+ fields_offsets.back());}offset += OFFSET_INFIMUM_OFFSET + 2;while (offset != (OFFSET_SUP_NEXT_OFFSET + 2)) {recs.emplace_back(page + offset);offset += read_rec_next_offset(page + offset);}
}u16 sdi_read_page_level(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + SDI_OFFSET_PAGE_DATA +SDI_OFFSET_PAGE_LEVEL);
}u16 sdi_read_n_recs(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + SDI_OFFSET_PAGE_DATA +SDI_OFFSET_N_RECS);
}u8 sdi_read_rec_type(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_1(page + PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM -SDI_OFFSET_REC_TYPE);
}u16 sdi_read_next_rec_offset(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM -SDI_OFFSET_REC_NEXT);
}u32 sdi_read_child_page_no(byte *page, u16 next_rec_offset) {return mach_read_from_4(page + PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM + next_rec_offset +SDI_OFFSET_DATA_TYPE_LEN +SDI_OFFSET_DATA_ID_LEN);
}u8 sdi_rec_type(byte *rec) {u8 rec_type = *(rec - REC_OFF_TYPE);return rec_type & 0x7;
}bool page_is_comp(byte *page) {return mach_read_from_2(page + PAGE_HEADER + PAGE_N_HEAP) & 0x8000;
}bool rec_is_deleted(byte *rec, bool is_comp) {if (is_comp) {return (mach_read_from_1(rec - REC_NEW_INFO_BITS)& REC_INFO_DELETED_FLAG) >> REC_INFO_BITS_SHIFT;} else {return (mach_read_from_1(rec - REC_OLD_INFO_BITS)& REC_INFO_DELETED_FLAG) >> REC_INFO_BITS_SHIFT;}
}void parse_rec_data(byte *rec, byte *&sdi_data, u64 &data_len, u64 &id) {id = mach_read_from_8(rec + SDI_OFFSET_DATA_ID);printf("[INFO] parse sdi rec with id=%lu\n", id);byte rec_data_len_partial = *(rec - SDI_OFFSET_N_NEW_BYTES - 1);u64 rec_data_len;bool is_rec_data_external = false;u32 sdi_uncomp_len = mach_read_from_4(rec + REC_OFF_DATA_UNCOMP_LEN);u32 sdi_comp_len = mach_read_from_4(rec + REC_OFF_DATA_COMP_LEN);printf("[INFO] sdi_uncomp_len=%u, sdi_comp_len=%u\n",sdi_uncomp_len, sdi_comp_len);if (rec_data_len_partial & 0x80) {u32 rec_data_in_page_len = 0;rec_data_in_page_len = (rec_data_len_partial &0x3f) << 8;if (rec_data_len_partial & 0x40) {is_rec_data_external = true;rec_data_len = mach_read_from_8(rec + REC_OFF_DATA_VARCHAR +rec_data_in_page_len + BTR_EXTERN_LEN);rec_data_len += rec_data_in_page_len;} else {rec_data_len = *(rec - SDI_OFFSET_N_NEW_BYTES - 2);rec_data_len += rec_data_in_page_len;}} else {rec_data_len = rec_data_len_partial;}byte *str;ALLOC(str, rec_data_len + 1);memset(str, 0, rec_data_len + 1);byte *rec_data_origin = rec + REC_OFF_DATA_VARCHAR;if (!is_rec_data_external) {memcpy(str, rec_data_origin, rec_data_len);data_len = rec_data_len;sdi_data = str;byte *uncomp_sdi;ALLOC(uncomp_sdi, sdi_uncomp_len + 1);memset(uncomp_sdi, 0, sdi_uncomp_len + 1);u64 dest_len = sdi_uncomp_len + 1;int ret = uncompress(uncomp_sdi, &dest_len, str, sdi_comp_len);assert(ret == Z_OK);data_len = sdi_uncomp_len + 1;sdi_data = uncomp_sdi;FREE(str);}
}byte *sdi_next_rec(byte *page, byte *curr_rec, bool is_comp) {u64 next_rec_offset = mach_read_from_2(curr_rec - REC_NEXT);if (is_comp) {if (next_rec_offset !=0 ){next_rec_offset =((u64)(curr_rec - page + next_rec_offset)) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);}}printf("[INFO] sdi next rec offset=%lu\n", next_rec_offset);assert(next_rec_offset != 0);return page + next_rec_offset;
}void extract_sdi_info (byte *sdi_str, std::vector<index_meta_t> &indexes,std::vector<column_t> &columns) {rapidjson::Document doc;doc.Parse((const char*)sdi_str);if (strcmp(doc["dd_object_type"].GetString(), "Table") != 0) {return;}const rapidjson::Value &cols = doc["dd_object"]["columns"];printf("[INFO] Got %d cols\n", cols.Size());for(rapidjson::SizeType i = 0; i < cols.Size(); ++i) {u16 char_length = (u16)cols[i]["char_length"].GetInt();if (cols[i]["type"].GetInt() == DATA_INT_TYPE) {char_length = DATA_INT;}columns.emplace_back(cols[i]["name"].GetString(),(u16)cols[i]["ordinal_position"].GetInt(),char_length);printf("[INFO] Got %s\n", columns.back().str());}const rapidjson::Value &inds = doc["dd_object"]["indexes"];printf("[INFO] Got %d indexes\n", inds.Size());for(rapidjson::SizeType i = 0; i < inds.Size(); ++i) {const char *se_priv = inds[i]["se_private_data"].GetString();char *idx_id_pos = strchr((char *)se_priv, ';');char idx_id[10] = {'\0'};strncpy(idx_id, se_priv + 3, idx_id_pos - se_priv - 3);indexes.emplace_back(inds[i]["name"].GetString(), atoi(idx_id));const rapidjson::Value &ele_cols = inds[i]["elements"];for (rapidjson::SizeType j = 0; j < ele_cols.Size(); ++j) {u32 col_pos = ele_cols[j]["column_opx"].GetInt();indexes.back().add_ele(&columns[col_pos]);}printf("[INFO] Got %s\n", indexes.back().str());}
}void sdi(FILE *fp, byte *buf, std::vector<index_meta_t> &index_metas,std::vector<column_t> &cols) {u16 page_level = sdi_read_page_level(buf);assert(page_level != U16_MAX);u16 n_recs = sdi_read_n_recs(buf);printf("[INFO] sdi: n_recs=%hu\n", n_recs);if (n_recs == 0) { return; }while(page_level != 0 && page_level != U16_MAX) {u8 rec_type = sdi_read_rec_type(buf);assert(rec_type == REC_TYPE_INF);u16 next_offset = sdi_read_next_rec_offset(buf);u32 child_page_no = sdi_read_child_page_no(buf, next_offset);assert(child_page_no >= SDI_OFFSET_BLOB_ALLOWED);printf("[INFO] sdi read child page no=%u\n", child_page_no);read_page_with_no(fp, child_page_no, buf);page_level = sdi_read_page_level(buf);}u16 next_offset = sdi_read_next_rec_offset(buf);printf("[INFO] next_offset=%hu\n", next_offset);byte *curr_rec = buf + PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM + next_offset;bool is_comp = page_is_comp(buf);bool is_deleted = rec_is_deleted(curr_rec, is_comp);printf("[INFO] get first rec, is_comp=%u, is_deleted=%u\n",is_comp, is_deleted);if (is_deleted) {curr_rec = sdi_next_rec(buf, curr_rec, is_comp);}u64 sdi_id;u64 sdi_data_len = 0;byte *sdi_data = NULL;while (curr_rec != NULL &&sdi_rec_type(curr_rec) != REC_TYPE_SUP) {printf("[INFO] sdi rec type=%hhu\n", sdi_rec_type(curr_rec));parse_rec_data(curr_rec, sdi_data, sdi_data_len, sdi_id);extract_sdi_info(sdi_data, index_metas, cols);FREE(sdi_data);sdi_data = NULL;curr_rec = sdi_next_rec(buf, curr_rec, is_comp);}
}void close_file(FILE *fp) {fclose(fp);
}void read_pages(char *fname) {FILE *fp = open_file(fname);byte *buf;ALLOC(buf, PAGE_SIZE);u8 n_index = 0;std::vector<index_t> indexes;std::vector<byte *> index_pages;std::vector<index_meta_t> index_metas;std::vector<column_t> cols;while(next_page(fp, buf)) {u16 page_type = read_page_type(buf);switch(page_type) {case FIL_PAGE_INDEX:{indexes.emplace_back(n_index == 0, read_page_level(buf),read_num_records(buf),read_infimum_n_own(buf),read_infimum_rec_type(buf),read_infimum_next_offset(buf),read_sup_n_own(buf),read_sup_rec_type(buf),read_sup_next_offset(buf),read_space_no(buf), read_page_no(buf),read_index_id(buf));++n_index;byte *page_clone;ALLOC(page_clone, PAGE_SIZE);memcpy(page_clone, buf, PAGE_SIZE);index_pages.emplace_back(page_clone);printf("[INFO] >Got index:\n%s\n", indexes.back().str());}break;case FIL_PAGE_SDI:sdi(fp, buf, index_metas, cols);break;default:break;}}/* Load rec fields according to sdi index info */for (u32 i = 0; i < indexes.size(); ++i){for (index_meta_t &ind_meta : index_metas) {if (ind_meta.m_id_ == indexes[i].m_index_id_) {load_index_fields(index_pages[i],read_infimum_next_offset(index_pages[i]),ind_meta,indexes[i].recs_,indexes[i].fields_offsets_);break;}}}for (u32 i = 0; i < indexes.size(); ++i) {printf("[INFO] >Parse index:\n%s\n", indexes[i].str());}FREE(buf);for (byte *ind_page : index_pages) {FREE(ind_page);}close_file(fp);
}int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {read_pages(argv[1]);return 0;
}

下面的是编译命令，需要用到json库和zlib库，可以使用MySQL源码里面的。

main: main.ccg++ main.cc -I /mysql/extra/zlib/ -I /mysql/extra/rapidjson/include -L /mysql/archive_output_directory -lz -lzstd -o main

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