由于未关闭mysql服务就将服务器重启，导致服务器无法重启，使用fsck修复磁盘后启动服务器后，发现mysql数据文件损坏和丢失，但还存在idb文件。

数据库版本：5.7.20

什么是idb文件

如何通过idb文件恢复数据

mysql 5.7.20 目前使用的是独立表空间，每一个表都存在独立的ibd文件和frm文件，如下：

Shell

[root@db01 /data/mysql/oldboy]# ll

total 69648

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 61 Mar 8 11:57 db.opt

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8780 Mar 8 17:50 t1.frm

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 71303168 Mar 8 17:50 t1.ibd

1

2

3

4

5

[root@db01/data/mysql/oldboy]# ll

total69648

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql61Mar811:57db.opt

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql8780Mar817:50t1.frm

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql71303168Mar817:50t1.ibd

准备另外一台服务器用于还原数据，这里采用不同实例来恢复

STEP 1 获取并创建表结构，如果表结构都不知道的话，可以去寻找开发寻求帮助提供表结构语句

MySQL

xad-[oldboy]>show create table t1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Table: t1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (

`stuid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`stuname` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

`stusex` char(1) NOT NULL,

`cardid` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

`birthday` datetime DEFAULT NULL,

`entertime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,

`address` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`stuid`),

KEY `idx_name` (`stuname`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

xad-[oldboy]>showcreatetablet1\G

***************************1.row***************************

Table:t1

CreateTable:CREATETABLE`t1`(

`stuid`int(11)NOT NULL,

`stuname`varchar(20)NOT NULL,

`stusex`char(1)NOT NULL,

`cardid`varchar(20)NOT NULL,

`birthday`datetimeDEFAULTNULL,

`entertime`datetimeDEFAULTNULL,

`address`varchar(100)DEFAULTNULL,

PRIMARY KEY(`stuid`),

KEY`idx_name`(`stuname`)

)ENGINE=InnoDBDEFAULTCHARSET=utf8

1rowinset(0.00sec)

STEP 2 在另一台实例上创建库后并运行上面的的建表语句

MySQL

xad-[(none)]>create database ibdtest;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

xad-[(none)]>use ibdtest;

Database changed

xad-[ibdtest]>CREATE TABLE `t1` (

-> `stuid` int(11) NOT NULL,

-> `stuname` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

-> `stusex` char(1) NOT NULL,

-> `cardid` varchar(20) NOT NULL,

-> `birthday` datetime DEFAULT NULL,

-> `entertime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,

-> `address` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,

-> PRIMARY KEY (`stuid`),

-> KEY `idx_name` (`stuname`)

-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

xad-[(none)]>createdatabaseibdtest;

QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.00sec)

xad-[(none)]>useibdtest;

Databasechanged

xad-[ibdtest]>CREATETABLE`t1`(

->`stuid`int(11)NOT NULL,

->`stuname`varchar(20)NOT NULL,

->`stusex`char(1)NOT NULL,

->`cardid`varchar(20)NOT NULL,

->`birthday`datetimeDEFAULTNULL,

->`entertime`datetimeDEFAULTNULL,

->`address`varchar(100)DEFAULTNULL,

->PRIMARY KEY(`stuid`),

->KEY`idx_name`(`stuname`)

->)ENGINE=InnoDBDEFAULTCHARSET=utf8;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.02sec)

查看此时数据库目录，会生成一个ibdtest库名的目录，目录文件如下

Shell

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total 128

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 65 Mar 9 14:15 db.opt

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8780 Mar 9 14:15 t1.frm

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Mar 9 14:15 t1.ibd

1

2

3

4

5

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total128

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql65Mar914:15db.opt

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql8780Mar914:15t1.frm

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql114688Mar914:15t1.ibd

STEP 3 测试将上面目录中的t1.ibd文件直接换为源库中的ibd文件，替换后注意文件权限和属主属组的修改，测试是否能直接恢复数据

Shell

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# cp /data/mysql/oldboy/t1.ibd ./ibdtest/

cp: overwrite ‘./ibdtest/t1.ibd’? y

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total 131024

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 65 Mar 9 14:15 db.opt

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8780 Mar 9 14:15 t1.frm

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 71303168 Mar 9 14:22 t1.ibd

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# cp /data/mysql/oldboy/t1.ibd ./ibdtest/

cp:overwrite‘./ibdtest/t1.ibd’?y

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total131024

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql65Mar914:15db.opt

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql8780Mar914:15t1.frm

-rw-r-----1mysqlmysql71303168Mar914:22t1.ibd

此时是依然看不见原来的数据的

MySQL

xad-[ibdtest]>select count(*) from t1;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

| 0 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

xad-[ibdtest]>select count(*)fromt1;

+----------+

|count(*)|

+----------+

|0|

+----------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

STEP 4 得先清空表的tablespace后再导入源表的ibd文件

MySQL

xad-[ibdtest]>alter table t1 discard tablespace;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# cp /data/mysql/oldboy/t1.ibd ./ibdtest/

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*

[root@db01 /data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total 69648

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 65 Mar 9 14:15 db.opt

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8780 Mar 9 14:15 t1.frm

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 71303168 Mar 9 14:26 t1.ibd

xad-[ibdtest]>alter table t1 import tablespace;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.29 sec)

xad-[ibdtest]>select count(*) from t1;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

| 500000 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.33 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

xad-[ibdtest]>altertablet1discardtablespace;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.02sec)

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# cp /data/mysql/oldboy/t1.ibd ./ibdtest/

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# chown -R mysql.mysql  ./*

[root@db01/data/3307/data]# ll ibdtest/

total69648

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       65 Mar  9 14:15 db.opt

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql     8780 Mar  9 14:15 t1.frm

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 71303168 Mar  9 14:26 t1.ibd

xad-[ibdtest]>altertablet1importtablespace;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected,1warning(0.29sec)

xad-[ibdtest]>select count(*)fromt1;

+----------+

|count(*)|

+----------+

|500000|

+----------+

1rowinset(0.33sec)

STEP 5 此时再将表数据导出，之后再导回原库中来恢复数据

xadocker, 版权所有丨如未注明 , 均为原创丨本网站采用BY-NC-SA协议进行授权

转载请注明原文链接：Mysql 通过ibd文件恢复数据