dmidecode在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息, 其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等, 既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

aptitude install dmidecode # Debian/Ubuntu

yum install dmidecode # Fedora

pacman -S dmidecode # Arch Linux

emerge -av dmidecode # Gentoo

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aptitudeinstalldmidecode# Debian/Ubuntu

yuminstalldmidecode# Fedora

pacman-Sdmidecode# Arch Linux

emerge-avdmidecode# Gentoo

1、查看内存槽数、那个槽位插了内存，大小是多少

dmidecode|grep -P -A5 "Memory\s+Device"|grep Size|grep -v Range

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dmidecode|grep-P-A5"Memory\s+Device"|grepSize|grep-vRange

2、查看最大支持内存数

dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity'

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dmidecode|grep-P'Maximum\s+Capacity'

3、查看槽位上内存的速率，没插就是unknown。

dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'

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dmidecode|grep-A16"Memory Device"|grep'Speed'

dmidecode的输出格式一般如下：

Handle 0×0002

DMI type 2, 8 bytes

Base Board Information

Manufacturer:Intel

Product Name: C440GX+

Version: 727281-0001

Serial Number: INCY92700942

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Handle0×0002

DMItype2,8bytes

BaseBoardInformation

Manufacturer:Intel

ProductName:C440GX+

Version:727281-0001

SerialNumber:INCY92700942

其中的前三行都称为记录头(recoce Header), 其中包括了：

1、recode id(handle): DMI表中的记录标识符，这是唯一的,比如上例中的Handle 0×0002。

2、dmi type id: 记录的类型，譬如说:BIOS，Memory，上例是type 2，即”Base Board Information”

3、recode size: DMI表中对应记录的大小，上例为8 bytes.(不包括文本信息，所有实际输出的内容比这个size要更大。)

记录头之后就是记录的值：

4、decoded values: 记录值可以是多行的，比如上例显示了主板的制造商(manufacturer)、model、version以及serial Number。

dmidecode的使用方法

1. 最简单的的显示全部dmi信息：

# dmidecode

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# dmidecode

这样将输出所有的dmi信息，你可能会被一大堆的信息吓坏，通常可以使用下面的方法。

2.更精简的信息显示：

# dmidecode -q

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# dmidecode -q

-q(–quite) 只显示必要的信息，这个很管用哦。

3.显示指定类型的信息：

通常我只想查看某类型，比如CPU，内存或者磁盘的信息而不是全部的。这可以使用-t(–type TYPE)来指定信息类型：

# dmidecode -t bios

# dmidecode -t bios, processor (这种方式好像不可以用，必须用下面的数字的方式)

# dmidecode -t 0,4 (显示bios和processor)

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# dmidecode -t bios

# dmidecode -t bios, processor (这种方式好像不可以用，必须用下面的数字的方式)

# dmidecode -t 0,4 (显示bios和processor)

dmidecode到底支持哪些type?

这些可以在man dmidecode里面看到：

文本参数支持：

bios, system, baseboard, chassis, processor, memory, cache, connector, slot

数字参数支持很多：(见附录)

4.通过关键字查看信息：

比如只想查看序列号，可以使用:

# dmidecode -s system-serial-number

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# dmidecode -s system-serial-number

-s (–string keyword)支持的keyword包括：

bios-vendor,bios-version, bios-release-date,

system-manufacturer, system-product-name, system-version, system-serial-number,

baseboard-manu-facturer,baseboard-product-name, baseboard-version, baseboard-serial-number, baseboard-asset-tag,

chassis-manufacturer, chas-sis-version, chassis-serial-number, chassis-asset-tag,

processor-manufacturer, processor-version.

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bios-vendor,bios-version,bios-release-date,

system-manufacturer,system-product-name,system-version,system-serial-number,

baseboard-manu-facturer,baseboard-product-name,baseboard-version,baseboard-serial-number,baseboard-asset-tag,

chassis-manufacturer,chas-sis-version,chassis-serial-number,chassis-asset-tag,

processor-manufacturer,processor-version.

5.示例

5.1 查看当前内存和支持的最大内存

Linux下，可以使用free或者查看meminfo来获得当前的物理内存：

# free

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 8182532 8010792 171740 0 148472 4737896

-/+ buffers/cache: 3124424 5058108

Swap: 4192956 3304 4189652

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal: 8182532 kB

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# free

totalusedfreesharedbufferscached

Mem:8182532801079217174001484724737896

-/+buffers/cache:31244245058108

Swap:419295633044189652

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:8182532kB

这里显示了当前服务器的物理内存是8GB。

服务器到底能扩展到多大的内存？

#dmidecode -t 16

# dmidecode 2.7

SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0×0013, DMI type 16, 15 bytes.

Physical Memory Array

Location: System Board Or Motherboard

Use: System Memory

Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC

Maximum Capacity: 64 GB (可扩展到64GB)

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Number Of Devices: 4

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#dmidecode -t 16

# dmidecode 2.7

SMBIOS2.4present.

Handle0×0013,DMItype16,15bytes.

PhysicalMemoryArray

Location:SystemBoardOrMotherboard

Use:SystemMemory

ErrorCorrectionType:Multi-bitECC

MaximumCapacity:64GB(可扩展到64GB)

ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided

NumberOfDevices:4

但是，事实不一定如此，因此插槽可能已经插满了。也就是我们还必须查清这里的8G到底是4*2GB, 2*4GB还是其他？

如果是4*2GB，那么尽管可以扩展到64GB，但是插槽已经插满，无法扩展了：

#dmidecode -t 17

# dmidecode 2.7

SMBIOS 2.4 present.

Handle 0×0015, DMI type 17, 27 bytes.

Memory Device

Array Handle: 0×0013

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Total Width: 72 bits

Data Width: 64 bits

Size: 2048 MB 【插槽1有1条2GB内存】

Form Factor: DIMM

Set: None

Locator: DIMM00

Bank Locator: BANK

Type: Other

Type Detail: Other

Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)

Manufacturer:

Serial Number: BZACSKZ001

Asset Tag: RAM82

Part Number: MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle 0×0017, DMI type 17, 27 bytes.

Memory Device

Array Handle: 0×0013

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Total Width: 72 bits

Data Width: 64 bits

Size: 2048 MB 【插槽2有1条2GB内存】

Form Factor: DIMM

Set: None

Locator: DIMM10

Bank Locator: BANK

Type: Other

Type Detail: Other

Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)

Manufacturer:

Serial Number: BZACSKZ001

Asset Tag: RAM83

Part Number: MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle 0×0019, DMI type 17, 27 bytes.

Memory Device

Array Handle: 0×0013

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Total Width: 72 bits

Data Width: 64 bits

Size: 2048 MB 【插槽3有1条2GB内存】

Form Factor: DIMM

Set: None

Locator: DIMM20

Bank Locator: BANK

Type: Other

Type Detail: Other

Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)

Manufacturer:

Serial Number: BZACSKZ001

Asset Tag: RAM84

Part Number: MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle 0x001B, DMI type 17, 27 bytes.

Memory Device

Array Handle: 0×0013

Error Information Handle: Not Provided

Total Width: 72 bits

Data Width: 64 bits

Size: 2048 MB 【插槽4有1条2GB内存】

Form Factor: DIMM

Set: None

Locator: DIMM30

Bank Locator: BANK

Type: Other

Type Detail: Other

Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)

Manufacturer:

Serial Number: BZACSKZ001

Asset Tag: RAM85

Part Number: MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

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#dmidecode -t 17

# dmidecode 2.7

SMBIOS2.4present.

Handle0×0015,DMItype17,27bytes.

MemoryDevice

ArrayHandle:0×0013

ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided

TotalWidth:72bits

DataWidth:64bits

Size:2048MB【插槽1有1条2GB内存】

FormFactor:DIMM

Set:None

Locator:DIMM00

BankLocator:BANK

Type:Other

TypeDetail:Other

Speed:667MHz(1.5ns)

Manufacturer:

SerialNumber:BZACSKZ001

AssetTag:RAM82

PartNumber:MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle0×0017,DMItype17,27bytes.

MemoryDevice

ArrayHandle:0×0013

ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided

TotalWidth:72bits

DataWidth:64bits

Size:2048MB【插槽2有1条2GB内存】

FormFactor:DIMM

Set:None

Locator:DIMM10

BankLocator:BANK

Type:Other

TypeDetail:Other

Speed:667MHz(1.5ns)

Manufacturer:

SerialNumber:BZACSKZ001

AssetTag:RAM83

PartNumber:MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle0×0019,DMItype17,27bytes.

MemoryDevice

ArrayHandle:0×0013

ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided

TotalWidth:72bits

DataWidth:64bits

Size:2048MB【插槽3有1条2GB内存】

FormFactor:DIMM

Set:None

Locator:DIMM20

BankLocator:BANK

Type:Other

TypeDetail:Other

Speed:667MHz(1.5ns)

Manufacturer:

SerialNumber:BZACSKZ001

AssetTag:RAM84

PartNumber:MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

Handle0x001B,DMItype17,27bytes.

MemoryDevice

ArrayHandle:0×0013

ErrorInformationHandle:NotProvided

TotalWidth:72bits

DataWidth:64bits

Size:2048MB【插槽4有1条2GB内存】

FormFactor:DIMM

Set:None

Locator:DIMM30

BankLocator:BANK

Type:Other

TypeDetail:Other

Speed:667MHz(1.5ns)

Manufacturer:

SerialNumber:BZACSKZ001

AssetTag:RAM85

PartNumber:MT9HTF6472FY-53EA2

根据上面输出可以发现，如果要扩展，只有将上面的内存条换成16GB的，才能达到4*16GB=64GB的最大支持内存。

附录：

dmidecode支持的数字参数：

Type Information

0 BIOS

1 System

2 Base Board

3 Chassis

4 Processor

5 Memory Controller

6 Memory Module

7 Cache

8 Port Connector

9 System Slots

10 On Board Devices

11 OEM Strings

12 System Configuration Options

13 BIOS Language

14 Group Associations

15 System Event Log

16 Physical Memory Array

17 Memory Device

18 32-bit Memory Error

19 Memory Array Mapped Address

20 Memory Device Mapped Address

21 Built-in Pointing Device

22 Portable Battery

23 System Reset

24 Hardware Security

25 System Power Controls

26 Voltage Probe

27 Cooling Device

28 Temperature Probe

29 Electrical Current Probe

30 Out-of-band Remote Access

31 Boot Integrity Services

32 System Boot

33 64-bit Memory Error

34 Management Device

35 Management Device Component

36 Management Device Threshold Data

37 Memory Channel

38 IPMI Device

39 Power Supply

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0BIOS

1System

2BaseBoard

3Chassis

4Processor

5MemoryController

6MemoryModule

7Cache

8PortConnector

9SystemSlots

10OnBoardDevices

11OEMStrings

12SystemConfigurationOptions

13BIOSLanguage

14GroupAssociations

15SystemEventLog

16PhysicalMemoryArray

17MemoryDevice

1832-bitMemoryError

19MemoryArrayMappedAddress

20MemoryDeviceMappedAddress

21Built-inPointingDevice

22PortableBattery

23SystemReset

24HardwareSecurity

25SystemPowerControls

26VoltageProbe

27CoolingDevice

28TemperatureProbe

29ElectricalCurrentProbe

30Out-of-bandRemoteAccess

31BootIntegrityServices

32SystemBoot

3364-bitMemoryError

34ManagementDevice

35ManagementDeviceComponent

36ManagementDeviceThresholdData

37MemoryChannel

38IPMIDevice

39PowerSupply

转载请注明出处：http://www.ttlsa.com/html/1708.html