C++实践走出迷宫

c和c++学了快一个学期了，感觉也编不出什么像样的程序，不是解决数学问题就是打印图形，感觉没什么劲。今天找了一个有趣的题目来做做，这是imooc上老师布置的一个案例。先不管算法好坏，来实现一个人走出迷宫的程序，要求能在屏幕上显示出人在走迷宫，并显示出走了几步。

第一次写这种面向对象的程序，很多地方写得都比较臃肿orz，枚举类型也不太会用，实践中遇到了各种各样的困难，暴露了我好多知识的漏洞，但最终还是一一克服了，这种感觉真的是挺好的，我以后还是要多做一些这样的实践才行，其实编这样的程序真的挺有趣的hh

先给个实现后的效果图吧

设计思路：

定义两个类，分别来表示人和迷宫。迷宫用数组来表示，迷宫的墙用1来表示，路用0来表示。

小人通过右手法则走迷宫，每次先判断右手边的是不是墙，如果不是就往右走，否则就往左转，再继续判断右手边是否为墙，一直循环，直到走出迷宫为止。

代码：

头文件maze.h 用来定义枚举类型方向和速度，常量路、墙，还有坐标的结构体

#pragma onceenum direction { up, right, down, left }; //方向
enum speed { FAST = 100, NORMAL = 300, SLOW = 500 }; //速度
const int ROAD = 0; //路
const int WALL = 1; //墙
struct POX { //坐标int x;int y;
};

头文件MyMazer.h 用来声明人类

#pragma once
#include "maze.h"
#include "MyMazeMap.h"class MyMazeMap;
class MyMazer
{
public:MyMazer(int x = 0, int y = 0, speed s = NORMAL, direction d = direction::right, char Person_Char = 'T');//构造函数，初始化数据成员void setPersonPosition(int x, int y);    //设置人物位置void setPersonDirection(direction d);   //设置人物朝向void setPersonSpeed(speed s);       //设置人物速度void setPersonChar(char c);     //设置人物符号void setMap(MyMazeMap *m);      //设置地图对象void start();               //开始游戏void turn(int d = 0);            //转向 d=0顺时针 d=1逆时针void gotoxy(int x, int y);      //移动光标到(x,y)void move();                //向前移动人物移动void display();                   //更新人物在屏幕上的位置direction getManRightSide();       //返回人物的右侧方向
private:char m_cPerson;         //人物字符direction m_dDirection;       //人物朝向speed m_sSpeed;           //人物速度POX m_sPosition;      //人物当前位置POX m_sLastPosition;        //人物上次的位置,为了制作动画效果MyMazeMap *m_pcMap;       //地图对象int m_iSteps;         //步数
};

头文件MyMazeMap.h 用来声明迷宫类

#pragma once
#include "maze.h"
#include  "MyMazer.h"class MyMazeMap
{
public:MyMazeMap();                 //构造函数，初始化数据成员void setMazeMap(int* map, int r, int c);   //设置地图，高，宽void setMazeWall(char wall);            //设置墙的符号void drawMap();                 //绘制地图bool isMazeBound(int x, int y, direction d);  //判断(x,y)的d方向上是否是墙bool isBound(int x, int y);           //判断(x,y)是否是墙bool isOut(int x, int y);          //判断是否走出迷宫int getR();                   //返回地图高int getC();                  //返回的图宽
private:char m_cWall;   //墙的符号char m_cRoad; //路的符号int m_r;  //高int m_c; //宽int* m_piMap;    //地图
};

源文件MyMazer.cpp 用来实现MyMazer类的成员函数

#include "MyMazer.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>MyMazer::MyMazer(int x, int y, speed s, direction d, char Person_Char) :m_sPosition{ x,y }, m_sSpeed(s), m_dDirection(d), m_cPerson(Person_Char)
{ //初始化m_sLastPosition = m_sPosition;m_pcMap = NULL;m_iSteps = 0;
}void MyMazer::setPersonPosition(int x, int y)
{ //设置人物的位置m_sPosition.x = x;m_sPosition.y = y;
}void MyMazer::setPersonDirection(direction d)
{ //设置人物的朝向m_dDirection = d;
}void MyMazer::setPersonSpeed(speed s)
{ //设置人物的速度m_sSpeed = s;
}void MyMazer::setPersonChar(char c)
{ //设置人物字符m_cPerson = c;
}void MyMazer::setMap(MyMazeMap * m)
{ //设置地图对象m_pcMap = m;
}void MyMazer::start()
{ //游戏开始，使用右手规则走迷宫if (!m_pcMap) {std::cout << "You haven't set map, please use setMap() to continue" << std::endl;return;}gotoxy(m_sPosition.x, m_sPosition.y);std::cout << m_cPerson;while (1) {while(m_pcMap->isMazeBound(m_sPosition.x, m_sPosition.y, getManRightSide())) {turn(1);}turn();move();if (m_pcMap->isOut(m_sPosition.x, m_sPosition.y)) break;display();}gotoxy(0, m_pcMap->getR());std::cout << "闯关成功！！！" << std::endl << "总共走了" << m_iSteps << "步" << std::endl;
}void MyMazer::turn(int d)
{if (d == 0) { //顺时针转向if (m_dDirection == direction::up) m_dDirection = direction::right;else if (m_dDirection == direction::right) m_dDirection = direction::down;else if (m_dDirection == direction::down) m_dDirection = direction::left;else m_dDirection = direction::up;}else { //逆时针转向if (m_dDirection == direction::up) m_dDirection = direction::left;else if (m_dDirection == direction::left) m_dDirection = direction::down;else if (m_dDirection == direction::down) m_dDirection = direction::right;else m_dDirection = direction::up;}
}void MyMazer::gotoxy(int x, int y)
{ //将光标移动至(x,y)if (x < 0 || y < 0) return;COORD cd;cd.X = x;cd.Y = y;HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, cd);
}void MyMazer::move()
{ //向前移动一步m_sLastPosition = m_sPosition;switch (m_dDirection) {case direction::up: m_sPosition.y--; break;case direction::right: m_sPosition.x++; break;case direction::down: m_sPosition.y++; break;case direction::left: m_sPosition.x--; break;}m_iSteps++;
}void MyMazer::display()
{ //显示函数Sleep(m_sSpeed);gotoxy(m_sLastPosition.x, m_sLastPosition.y);std::cout << " ";gotoxy(m_sPosition.x, m_sPosition.y);std::cout << m_cPerson;gotoxy(0, m_pcMap->getR());std::cout << "已经走了" << m_iSteps << "步了" << std::endl;
}direction MyMazer::getManRightSide()
{ //读取人物朝向右侧的方向direction ret;switch (m_dDirection) {case direction::up:ret = direction::right; break;case direction::right:ret = direction::down; break;case direction::down:ret = direction::left; break;case direction::left:ret = direction::up; break;}return ret;
}

源文件MyMazeMap.cpp 用来实现MyMazeMap类的成员函数

#include "MyMazeMap.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>MyMazeMap::MyMazeMap()
{ //初始化数据成员m_c = 0;m_r = 0;m_cRoad = ' ';m_cWall = '*';
}void MyMazeMap::setMazeMap(int * map, int r, int c)
{ //设置迷宫m_piMap = map;m_r = r;m_c = c;
}void MyMazeMap::setMazeWall(char wall)
{ //设置表示墙的符号m_cWall = wall;
}void MyMazeMap::drawMap()
{ //绘制地图system("cls");for (int i = 0; i < m_r; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < m_c; j++) {if (*(m_piMap + m_c*i + j) == WALL) std::cout << m_cWall;else std::cout << m_cRoad;}std::cout << std::endl;}
}bool MyMazeMap::isMazeBound(int x, int y, direction d)
{ //判断面前的是不是墙bool Bound = false;switch (d) {case direction::up:if (isBound(x, y - 1)) Bound = true;break;case direction::right:if (isBound(x + 1, y)) Bound = true;break;case direction::down:if (isBound(x, y + 1)) Bound = true;break;case direction::left:if (isBound(x - 1, y)) Bound = true;break;}return Bound;
}bool MyMazeMap::isBound(int x, int y)
{ //判断(x,y)是不是墙if (isOut(x,y)) return false;if (*(m_piMap + m_c*y + x) == WALL) return true;return false;
}bool MyMazeMap::isOut(int x, int y)
{ //判断是否走出迷宫if (x > m_c - 1 || x<0 || y> m_r - 1 || y < 0) return true;return false;
}int MyMazeMap::getR()
{ //返回迷宫的行数return m_r;
}int MyMazeMap::getC()
{ //返回迷宫的列数return m_c;
}

最后就是源文件maze.cpp了 main函数在这里呢

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "maze.h"
#include "MyMazeMap.h"
#include "MyMazer.h"using namespace std;const int SUCCESS = 0;
int main()
{int map[10][18] = {{ WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL, },{ WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL, },{ WALL,WALL,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,WALL, },{ WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL, },{ WALL,ROAD,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL, },};MyMazeMap maze;maze.setMazeMap(&map[0][0], 10, 18); //设置地图maze.drawMap(); //绘制地图MyMazer mazer;mazer.setPersonPosition(16, 2); //设置开始时人物位置mazer.setPersonDirection(direction::up); //设置开始时人物朝向 up right down leftmazer.setPersonSpeed(FAST); //设置速度 FAST NORMAL SLOWmazer.setPersonChar('#'); //设置表示人的字符mazer.setMap(&maze); //设置人物所在地图mazer.start(); //游戏开始system("pause");return SUCCESS;
}

以上，就是走出迷宫的所有代码了