JAVA——基于HttpClient的正方教务系统[1999-2020]模拟登录|模拟退出|课程查询|成绩查询|考试查询基本解决方案

简介

通过HttpClient获取网页数据源，通过Jsoup解析数据。先模拟登录，再获取信息。模拟浏览器正常操作，封装请求头信息获取SESSIONID。模拟登录成功后切勿断开会话，依赖登录请求得到的Cookie进行二次请求。请求信息时需打开谷歌浏览器或Fiddler抓包查看参数及请求头信息。

Maven

        <dependency><groupId>com.baidu.aip</groupId><artifactId>java-sdk</artifactId><version>4.8.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.jsoup</groupId><artifactId>jsoup</artifactId><version>1.11.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId><version>3.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.json</groupId><artifactId>json</artifactId><version>20160810</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.58</version></dependency>

基本步骤

1.获取exponent、modulus生成公钥进行密码加密

2.爬虫爬取csrftoken校验

3.添加Post参数模拟浏览器登录获取Cookie(SESSIONID）

4.二次请求

源代码

Util

package club.zstuca.util;import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import javax.crypto.Cipher;public class RSAUtil {private static Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();  //用于封装随机产生的公钥与私钥/** * 随机生成密钥对 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException */  public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {  // KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象  KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");  // 初始化密钥对生成器，密钥大小为96-1024位  keyPairGen.initialize(1024,new SecureRandom());  // 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中  KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();  RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();   // 得到私钥  RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  // 得到公钥  String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKey.getEncoded()));  // 得到私钥字符串  String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode((privateKey.getEncoded())));  // 将公钥和私钥保存到MapkeyMap.put(0,publicKeyString);  //0表示公钥keyMap.put(1,privateKeyString);  //1表示私钥}  /** * RSA公钥加密 *  * @param str *            加密字符串* @param publicKey *            公钥 * @return 密文 * @throws Exception *             加密过程中的异常信息 */  public static String encryptByX509EncodedKeySpec( String str, String publicKey ) throws Exception{//base64编码的公钥byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));//RSA加密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);String outStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));return outStr;} /** * RSA公钥加密 *  * @param str *            加密字符串* @param modulus *            模数 * @param publicExponent*            公众指数        * @return 密文 * @throws Exception *             加密过程中的异常信息 */  public static String encryptByRSAPublicKeySpec( String str, String modulus, String publicExponent ) throws Exception{//base64编码的公钥RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new RSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger(1,Base64.getDecoder().decode(modulus.getBytes("UTF-8"))),new BigInteger(1,Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicExponent.getBytes("UTF-8")))));//RSA加密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);String outStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));return outStr;} /** * RSA私钥解密*  * @param str *            加密字符串* @param privateKey *            私钥 * @return 铭文* @throws Exception *             解密过程中的异常信息 */  public static String decryptByPKCS8EncodedKeySpec(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception{//64位解码加密后的字符串byte[] inputByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));//base64编码的私钥byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));  RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));  //RSA解密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));return outStr;}
}

Main

package cn.edu.newedu;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import cn.edu.zstu.beans.Grade;
import cn.edu.zstu.beans.Course;
import cn.edu.zstu.beans.Exam;
import cn.edu.zstu.util.RSAUtil;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;public class ZFsoft {public static void main(String[] args) {ZFsoft zFsoft=new ZFsoft();zFsoft.login("2018329621200","XXXXXX");List<Course>courseList=zFsoft.checkCourse("2019","12");for(Course course:courseList){System.out.println(course);}System.out.println(courseList.size());List<Grade>gradeList=zFsoft.checkScore("","");for(Grade grade:gradeList){System.out.println(grade);}System.out.println(gradeList.size());List<Exam>examList=zFsoft.checkExam("","");for(Exam exam:examList){System.out.println(exam);}System.out.println(examList.size());zFsoft.logout();}//登录URLprivate final String LOGIN_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/xtgl/login_slogin.html?language=zh_CN&_t=";//RSA URLprivate final String PUBLICKEY_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/xtgl/login_getPublicKey.html?time=";//退出URLprivate final String LOGOUT_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/logout?login_type=&t=";//课程URLprivate final String CHECK_COURSE_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/kbcx/xskbcx_cxXsKb.html?doType=query&gnmkdm=N2151";//成绩URLprivate final String CHECK_GRADE_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/cjcx/cjcx_cxDgXscj.html?doType=query&gnmkdm=N305005";//考试URLprivate final String CHECK_EXAM_URL="http://XXXXXX.zstu.edu.cn/jwglxt/kwgl/kscx_cxXsksxxIndex.html?doType=query&gnmkdm=N358105";private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;private BasicCookieStore basicCookieStore;public ZFsoft(){basicCookieStore=new BasicCookieStore();httpClient= HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(basicCookieStore).build();}/*** 密码加密 RSA* @param password* @return*/private String encryp(String password){//一、获取 exponent modulus 生成公钥String exponent=null,modulus=null;HttpGet gpkHttpGet=new HttpGet(PUBLICKEY_URL+new Date().getTime());gpkHttpGet.setHeader("Accept","application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");gpkHttpGet.setHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");CloseableHttpResponse gpkResponse=null;try {gpkResponse = httpClient.execute(gpkHttpGet);if (gpkResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {String emJson = EntityUtils.toString(gpkResponse.getEntity(), "utf8");JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(emJson);exponent = jsonObject.getString("exponent");modulus = jsonObject.getString("modulus");}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {gpkResponse.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//二、根据公钥进行密码加密System.out.println(modulus);System.out.println(exponent);System.out.println(password);try {password=RSAUtil.encryptByRSAPublicKeySpec(password, modulus, exponent);} catch (Exception e) {// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(password);return password;}/*** 获取Token* @param timestamp* @return*/private String crawlCsrfToken(String timestamp){String csrftoken=null;HttpGet csrftokenHttpGet=new HttpGet(LOGIN_URL+timestamp);CloseableHttpResponse csrftokenResponse=null;try {csrftokenResponse = httpClient.execute(csrftokenHttpGet);if (csrftokenResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {Document csrftokenDoc = Jsoup.parse(EntityUtils.toString(csrftokenResponse.getEntity(), "utf8"));csrftoken = csrftokenDoc.select(".col-sm-4").select(".sl_log_rt").select("input[id=csrftoken]").first().attr("value");return csrftoken;}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {csrftokenResponse.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return null;}/*** 模拟登录* @param username* @param password* @return*/public ZFsoft login(String username,String password){String timestamp=""+new Date().getTime();HttpPost loginHttpPost=new HttpPost(LOGIN_URL+timestamp);loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Origin","http://jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Upgrade-Insecure-Requests","1");loginHttpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");List<NameValuePair> loginParams=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();password=this.encryp(password);String csrftoken=this.crawlCsrfToken(timestamp);loginParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("csrftoken",csrftoken));loginParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("yhm",username));loginParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("mm",password));loginParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("mm",password));CloseableHttpResponse loginResponse=null;try {loginHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(loginParams, "utf8"));loginResponse = httpClient.execute(loginHttpPost);List<Cookie>cookies=basicCookieStore.getCookies();if(cookies.isEmpty()){System.out.println("The Cookie Is None.");}else {for(Cookie cookie:cookies){System.out.println(cookie.getName() + " : " + cookie.getValue());}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return this;}/*** 退出* @return*/public boolean logout() {String timestamp=""+new Date().getTime();HttpPost loginHttpPost=new HttpPost(LOGOUT_URL+timestamp);loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Origin","http://jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");loginHttpPost.setHeader("Upgrade-Insecure-Requests","1");loginHttpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");CloseableHttpResponse loginResponse=null;try {loginResponse = httpClient.execute(loginHttpPost);List<Cookie>cookies=basicCookieStore.getCookies();if(cookies.isEmpty()){System.out.println("The Cookie Is None.");}else {for(Cookie cookie:cookies){System.out.println(cookie.getName() + " : " + cookie.getValue());}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return true;}public List<Course> checkCourse(String xnm,String xqm){HttpPost courseHttpPost=new HttpPost(CHECK_COURSE_URL);courseHttpPost.setHeader("Accept","application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Origin","http://jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");courseHttpPost.setHeader("Proxy-Connection","keep-alive");courseHttpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");courseHttpPost.setHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");List<NameValuePair>courseParams=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();courseParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xnm",xnm));courseParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xqm",xqm));List<Course> res = new LinkedList<>();try {courseHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(courseParams, "utf8"));CloseableHttpResponse courseResponse = httpClient.execute(courseHttpPost);if (courseResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {if (courseResponse.getEntity() != null) {String courseJson = EntityUtils.toString(courseResponse.getEntity(), "utf8");System.out.print(courseJson);if(courseResponse==null||courseResponse.equals("")|| !JSON.isValid(courseJson)){return res;}JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(courseJson);JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("kbList");for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); ++i) {JSONObject item = (JSONObject) jsonArray.get(i);Course course= new Course();course.setDay(item.getString("xqjmc"));course.setPeriod(item.getString("jc"));course.setLength(item.getString("month"));course.setName(item.getString("kcmc"));course.setType("一般课");course.setTeacher(item.getString("xm"));course.setRoom(item.getString("cdmc"));course.setWeek(item.getString("zcd"));res.add(course);}jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("sjkList");for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); ++i) {JSONObject item = (JSONObject) jsonArray.get(i);Course course= new Course();course.setName(item.getString("sjkcgs"));course.setType("实践课");course.setTeacher(item.getString("sjkcgs"));res.add(course);}return  res;}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return null;}/*** 查看成绩* @param xnm* @param xqm* @return*/public List<Grade> checkScore(String xnm,String xqm){HttpPost scoreHttpPost=new HttpPost(CHECK_GRADE_URL);scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Accept","application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Origin","http://jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("Proxy-Connection","keep-alive");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");scoreHttpPost.setHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");List<NameValuePair>scoreParams=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xnm",xnm));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xqm",xqm));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("_search","false"));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("nd",""+new Date().getTime()));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.showCount","100"));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.currentPage","1"));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.sortName",""));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.sortOrder","asc"));scoreParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("time","1"));List<Grade> res = new LinkedList<Grade>();try {scoreHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(scoreParams, "utf8"));CloseableHttpResponse scoreResponse = httpClient.execute(scoreHttpPost);if (scoreResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {if (scoreResponse.getEntity() != null) {String scoreJson = EntityUtils.toString(scoreResponse.getEntity(), "utf8");System.out.print(scoreJson);JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(scoreJson);JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("items");for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); ++i) {Grade grade = new Grade();JSONObject item = (JSONObject) jsonArray.get(i);try {grade.setYear(item.getString("xnmmc"));grade.setTerm(item.getString("xqm"));grade.setCourseName(item.getString("kcmc"));grade.setCredit(item.getString("xf"));String gr = "";// 有补考成绩 则算补考成绩gr = new String(item.getString("ksxz").getBytes("UTF-8")).replace("?","");if(!gr.equals("")) {grade.setGrade(item.getString("cj"));}else {grade.setGrade(item.getString("cj"));}grade.setGpa(item.getString("jd"));res.add(grade);}catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return  res;}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return null;}public List<Exam> checkExam(String xnm,String xqm){HttpPost examHttpPost=new HttpPost(CHECK_EXAM_URL);examHttpPost.setHeader("Accept","application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01");examHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate");examHttpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");examHttpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");examHttpPost.setHeader("Host","jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");examHttpPost.setHeader("Origin","http://jwglxt.zstu.edu.cn");examHttpPost.setHeader("Proxy-Connection","keep-alive");examHttpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36");examHttpPost.setHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");List<NameValuePair>examParams=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xnm","2019"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xqm","3"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("_search","false"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("ksmcdmb_id","2019-20201QN"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("kch",""));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("kc",""));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("ksrq",""));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("nd",""+new Date().getTime()));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.showCount","100"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.currentPage","1"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.sortName",""));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("queryModel.sortOrder","asc"));examParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("time","1"));List<Exam> res = new LinkedList<>();try {examHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(examParams, "utf8"));CloseableHttpResponse examResponse = httpClient.execute(examHttpPost);if (examResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {if (examResponse.getEntity() != null) {String examJson = EntityUtils.toString(examResponse.getEntity(), "utf8");System.out.print(examJson);if(examJson==null||examJson.equals("")|| !JSON.isValid(examJson)){return res;}JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(examJson);JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("items");for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); ++i) {Exam exam = new Exam();JSONObject item = (JSONObject) jsonArray.get(i);exam.setCourseName(item.getString("kcmc"));exam.setSeatNumber(item.getString("zwh"));exam.setExamPlace(item.getString("cdmc"));exam.setExamTime(item.getString("kssj"));res.add(exam);}return  res;}}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}return null;}
}

运行结果

Cookies：

课程：

成绩：

考试：

参考文章

https://www.cnblogs.com/hbsdljz/p/10874099.html

https://shentuzhigang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/103995547

https://shentuzhigang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/103996741

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最近形如课程格子与超表课程表应用如雨后春笋般涌现,他们自动获取课程表是怎么实现的呢.于是我用Java实现了一下模拟登陆正方教务系统获取课表的过程. 首先,我们先了解一下网站登录的原理:当我们输入学号, ...
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之前学了一些java web的编程,理解了web应用的原理后,就突然想到,可以用java模拟登录吉珠的教务系统,然后爬取里面的课表.成绩.个人信息等等数据,然后就可以写成一个简易的课表APP. 一.第 ...