JAVA实现Excel模板导入案例分析

需求：将excel中的所有数据导入到PG数据库的对应数据表中，需要对数据进行校验等操作

maven依赖：

    <properties><hutool.version>5.5.1</hutool.version><poi.version>3.17</poi.version></properties><!-- excel工具 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>${poi.version}</version></dependency><!-- hutool相关依赖 --><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId><version>${hutool.version}</version></dependency>

PG数据表的设计：


CREATE TABLE "public"."shopping_detail" ("id" int8 NOT NULL,"order_id" varchar(50) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,"good_name" varchar(50) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,"address" varchar(255) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,"receiver" varchar(50) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default","phone" varchar(30) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default","num" varchar(10) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,"create_by" varchar(30) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default","create_time" timestamptz(6),"update_by" varchar(30) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default","update_time" timestamptz(6),"remark" varchar(500) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default",CONSTRAINT "cgm_drug_info_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
)
;ALTER TABLE "public"."shopping_detail"OWNER TO "postgres";COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."id" IS '主键ID';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."order_id" IS '订单号';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."good_name" IS '商品名称';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."address" IS '收货地址';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."receiver" IS '收件人';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."phone" IS '手机号';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."num" IS '数量';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."create_by" IS '创建人(账号name)';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."create_time" IS '创建时间';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."update_by" IS '更新人(账号name)';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."update_time" IS '更新时间';COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."shopping_detail"."remark" IS '备注';COMMENT ON TABLE "public"."shopping_detail" IS '购买商品详情表';

MyBatisPlus的实体类设计：

package com.opencv.domain.entity;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;@ApiModel("购买商品详情表")
@TableName(value = "shopping_detail", autoResultMap = true)
public class ShoppingDetailEntity extends CgmBaseEntity {/*** 商品名称*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "商品名称")private String goodName;/*** 收货地址*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "收货地址")private String address;/*** 收件人*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "收件人")private String receiver;/*** 手机号*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "手机号")private String phone;/*** 订单号*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "订单号")private String orderId;/*** 数量*/@ApiModelProperty(value = "数量")private String num;public String getNum() {return num;}public void setNum(String num) {this.num = num;}public String getOrderId() {return orderId;}public void setOrderId(String orderId) {this.orderId = orderId;}public String getGoodName() {return goodName;}public void setGoodName(String goodName) {this.goodName = goodName;}public String getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(String address) {this.address = address;}public String getReceiver() {return receiver;}public void setReceiver(String receiver) {this.receiver = receiver;}public String getPhone() {return phone;}public void setPhone(String phone) {this.phone = phone;}
}

Mapper设计：

package com.opencv.mapper;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.opencv.domain.entity.ShoppingDetailEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
public interface ShoppingDetailMapper extends BaseMapper<ShoppingDetailEntity> {
}

订单Excel需要导入的数据如下所示：

反射需要用到的枚举类设计：

package com.opencv.enums;public enum ShoppingDetailEnum {GOOD_NAME("商品名称", "goodName"),ADDRESS("收货地址", "address"),RECEIVER("收件人", "receiver"),PHONE("手机号", "phone"),ORDER_ID("订单号", "orderId"),NUM("数量", "num"),;private String columnName;private String fieldName;ShoppingDetailEnum(String columnName, String fieldName) {this.columnName = columnName;this.fieldName = fieldName;}public static ShoppingDetailEnum get(String columnName) {ShoppingDetailEnum[] values = ShoppingDetailEnum.values();for (ShoppingDetailEnum shoppingDetailEnum : values) {if (shoppingDetailEnum.getColumnName().equals(columnName)) {return shoppingDetailEnum;}}return null;}public String getColumnName() {return columnName;}public String getFieldName() {return fieldName;}
}

导入的测试代码（可以改成Web接口的形式对外提供服务），暂时用的main函数的方式实现：

package com.opencv.controller;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.opencv.domain.entity.ShoppingDetailEntity;
import com.opencv.enums.ShoppingDetailEnum;
import com.opencv.mapper.ShoppingDetailMapper;
import com.opencv.utils.ExcelUtil;
import com.opencv.utils.IdUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@Rollback
public class ImportExcelDataTests {private static String EXCEL_PATH = "E:\\backUp\\订单数据.xlsx";private static Map<Integer, String> COLUMN_MAP = new HashMap<>();@Autowiredprivate ShoppingDetailMapper shoppingDetailMapper;@Testpublic void importExcelTest() throws Exception {File file = new File(EXCEL_PATH);Workbook workbook = null;try {workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file);} catch (Exception ex) {workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file));}int numberOfSheets = workbook.getNumberOfSheets();for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSheets; i++) {if (i > 0) {break;}Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(i);int physicalNumberOfRows = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();for (int j = 0; j < physicalNumberOfRows; j++) {Row row = sheet.getRow(j);int physicalNumberOfCells = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();if (j == 0) {for (int k = 0; k < physicalNumberOfCells; k++) {String cellValue = (String) ExcelUtil.getCellValue(row, k);ShoppingDetailEnum shoppingDetailEnum = ShoppingDetailEnum.get(cellValue);COLUMN_MAP.put(k, shoppingDetailEnum.getFieldName());}continue;// 标题行}ShoppingDetailEntity shoppingDetailEntity = new ShoppingDetailEntity();Field declaredField = null;for (int k = 0; k < physicalNumberOfCells; k++) {String fieldName = COLUMN_MAP.get(k);try {declaredField = shoppingDetailEntity.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);} catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {// 子类不存在该变量则从父类获取变量declaredField = shoppingDetailEntity.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);}Object cellValue = ExcelUtil.getCellValue(row, k);declaredField.setAccessible(true);declaredField.set(shoppingDetailEntity, cellValue);}// 开始插入数据LambdaQueryWrapper<ShoppingDetailEntity> shoppingDetailWrapper = new QueryWrapper<ShoppingDetailEntity>().lambda();shoppingDetailWrapper.eq(ShoppingDetailEntity::getOrderId, shoppingDetailEntity.getOrderId());ShoppingDetailEntity searchShoppingDetail = shoppingDetailMapper.selectOne(shoppingDetailWrapper);if (Objects.isNull(searchShoppingDetail)) {ShoppingDetailEntity insertShoppingDetail = new ShoppingDetailEntity();// 这里可以使用beanUtils等工具类通过反射来复制属性值insertShoppingDetail.setId(IdUtils.nextSnowFlakeId());insertShoppingDetail.setAddress(shoppingDetailEntity.getAddress());insertShoppingDetail.setGoodName(shoppingDetailEntity.getGoodName());insertShoppingDetail.setOrderId(shoppingDetailEntity.getOrderId());insertShoppingDetail.setPhone(shoppingDetailEntity.getPhone());insertShoppingDetail.setReceiver(shoppingDetailEntity.getReceiver());insertShoppingDetail.setNum(shoppingDetailEntity.getNum());insertShoppingDetail.setCreateTime(new Date());insertShoppingDetail.setCreateBy("excel导入");shoppingDetailMapper.insert(insertShoppingDetail);} else {System.out.println("已存在记录：orderId：" + shoppingDetailEntity.getOrderId() + ", address:" + shoppingDetailEntity.getAddress() + ", goodName:" + shoppingDetailEntity.getGoodName());}}}}
}

实现导入Excel数据的代码设计方案：

1、选中sheet分页：workbook.getSheetAt(i);

2、遍历excel表格的所有行数据：for (int j = 0; j < physicalNumberOfRows; j++)

3、遍历选中行的所有列的数据：for (int k = 0; k < physicalNumberOfCells; k++)

4、通过枚举类获取excel表头对应的列属性名：ShoppingDetailEnum.get(cellValue)

5、通过反射将excel表格中的列的对应数据，设置都需要导入的对象的属性值中：

Object cellValue = ExcelUtil.getCellValue(row, k); declaredField.setAccessible(true); declaredField.set(shoppingDetailEntity, cellValue);

6、将数据对象保存到数据库中：

shoppingDetailMapper.insert(insertShoppingDetail);

PS:也可以做成批量导入，将excel中的数据全部组装完成后，添加到集合中，最后再进行批量插入

导入结果：

总结：

Excel的数据导入在实际应用场景中可能更复杂，因为在实际使用的系统可能是分布式环境，测试到不同服务间，同时导入的也可能不是一张表的数据，数据的校验规则也比较复杂，还有异常的机制设计，比如：导入重复的返回提示，数据是否需要继续插入，还是全部失败？跨服务调用的接口超时怎么设置，超时时间设置成多大可以符合实际应用场景？

需要考虑的东西太多了，就不一一赘述了，但是excel导入的核心已经全部体现在案例中了，其他的都属于实际应用中的扩展，可以根据实际业务来设计，当然实现方案还有别的方式，这里展开的就是当前的实现方式来叙述的。

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