Titan图形数据库的应用实例讲解

前言

因公司业务发展，需要建立完整的关系图谱检索系统。经各种比较与考量，我们采用Titan图形数据库来处理复杂的逻辑关系。这篇《Titan数据库快速入门之神的光芒》同事已经详细介绍了Titan数据库的安装与使用，这里不再赘述。此篇博客介绍Titan的实际应用与成果展示，方便读者更好的理解Titan。

项目背景

本项目基于工程大数据进行研究，下图为Hbase中的部分数据展示。通常，一个工程项目有一个或者多个标段，这些标段分别由不同的公司完成，也存在同一标段由多家公司联合完成的情况。例如，图中所示，上海公路桥梁（集团）有限公司完成了合肥至六安高速公路这一项目的路基十三标的施工。而合肥至六安高速公路下面的剩余标段分别由其他家公司完成，因此，施工公司、项目、标段就串成了一个关系图谱，用Titan数据库存储时对应图中的边和点关系。

项目实施

1、关系图谱存入Titan数据库中

Hbase中已经存入了近几年多家工程公司的业绩信息，但每个施工业绩都是独立的，没有建成一张关系图谱。所以首先，根据采集的数据构建一个关系图谱存入Titan数据库中。虽然是Titan数据库，但我们采用Hbase进行存储。
下面代码完成的任务是：
从表CompanyInfos_test中遍历所有公司的业绩信息，获取该公司名字，存为结点v1，并添加属性group=1；获取标段，存为结点v2，group=2；并在公司和标段之间建立一条边；获取项目名字，存为结点v3，group=3；并在项目和标段之间建立一条边；重复上述过程，即可建立一张所有公司、标段、项目串起来的关系图表，并存入Hbase中。

Java代码　

/** To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates* and open the template in the editor.*//** To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates* and open the template in the editor.*/
package com.rednum.graph;import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.internal.LinkedTreeMap;
import static com.rednum.graph.CompanyCountry.conf;
import static com.rednum.graph.TiTanDB.INDEX_NAME;
import static com.rednum.graph.TiTanDB.load;
import static com.rednum.graph.TiTanDB.query;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.EdgeLabel;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.Multiplicity;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.PropertyKey;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanFactory;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanGraph;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanTransaction;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.attribute.Geoshape;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.attribute.Text;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.schema.ConsistencyModifier;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.schema.TitanGraphIndex;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.schema.TitanManagement;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.util.TitanCleanup;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.BaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.Order;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.P;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversal;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversalSource;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.__;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Direction;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Edge;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONArray;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONObject;/**** @author X.H.Yang*/
public class TiTanNew {public static final String INDEX_NAME = "search";public static org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration conf = null;static {conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();conf.setLong(HConstants.HBASE_REGIONSERVER_LEASE_PERIOD_KEY, 180000);}public static TitanGraph create() {try {//创建名为newgraph的表。TitanGraph graph = TitanFactory.build().set("storage.backend", "hbase").set("storage.hostname", "192.168.1.252").set("storage.hbase.table", "newgraph").set("cache.db-cache", "true").set("cache.db-cache-clean-wait", "20").set("cache.db-cache-time", "180000").set("cache.db-cache-size", "0.5").set("index.newgraph.backend", "elasticsearch").set("index.newgraph.hostname", "192.168.1.212").set("index.newgraph.port", 9300).set("index.newgraph.elasticsearch.client-only", true).open();return graph;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);return null;}}public static void loadWithoutMixedIndex(final TitanGraph graph,boolean uniqueNameCompositeIndex) {load(graph, null, uniqueNameCompositeIndex);}public static void load(final TitanGraph graph) {load(graph, "newgraph", true);}public static void load(final TitanGraph graph, String mixedIndexName,boolean uniqueNameCompositeIndex) {// 添加索引，name为key，并建立边和点的联合索引，提高查询速率try {TitanManagement mgmt = graph.openManagement();final PropertyKey name = mgmt.makePropertyKey("name").dataType(String.class).make();TitanManagement.IndexBuilder nameIndexBuilder = mgmt.buildIndex("name", Vertex.class).addKey(name);if (uniqueNameCompositeIndex) {nameIndexBuilder.unique();}TitanGraphIndex namei = nameIndexBuilder.buildCompositeIndex();mgmt.setConsistency(namei, ConsistencyModifier.LOCK);final PropertyKey group = mgmt.makePropertyKey("group").dataType(Integer.class).make();if (null != mixedIndexName) {mgmt.buildIndex("vertices", Vertex.class).addKey(group).buildMixedIndex(mixedIndexName);}final PropertyKey projectname = mgmt.makePropertyKey("projectname").dataType(String.class).make();final PropertyKey sectionname = mgmt.makePropertyKey("sectionname").dataType(String.class).make();if (null != mixedIndexName) {mgmt.buildIndex("edges", Edge.class).addKey(projectname).addKey(sectionname).buildMixedIndex(mixedIndexName);}mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("ComSec").multiplicity(Multiplicity.MANY2ONE).make();mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("SecPro").multiplicity(Multiplicity.MANY2ONE).make();mgmt.commit();} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);}}public void doCreatCompanyGraph() {TitanGraph graph = create(); //建立表load(graph);  //添加索引GraphTraversalSource g = graph.traversal(); //遍历表String error = "";while (true) {try {//遍历采集的数据CompanyInfos_test表中所有公司名字HTable country = new HTable(conf, "CompanyInfos_test");Scan s = new Scan();ResultScanner rs = country.getScanner(s);int count = 0;for (Result r : rs) {count++;String row = Bytes.toString(r.getRow());error = row;//避免同一公司重复加入图谱，name设为索引key,只能唯一存在if (g.V().has("group", 1).has("name", row).hasNext()) {continue;}//建立公司名称节点，属性有label, name, group, 即公司名字的group为1，label为companyVertex v1 = graph.addVertex(T.label, "company", "name", row, "group", 1);//Hbase相关查询语句，根据rowkey获取指定列族里所有列Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(row));get.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes("performance_owner"));Result rs1 = country.get(get);for (Cell cell : rs1.rawCells()) {String performance = "";String project = "";performance = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell));project = getProjectByPer(performance);if (!"".equals(performance)) {performance = performance.replace(row, "");}if (!"".equals(project)) {performance = performance.replace(project, "");}if ("/".equals(performance) || "".equals(performance)) {performance = project;}Vertex v2 = null;if (!"".equals(performance)) {//建立标段节点，属性有label, sectionname, group, 即标段的group为2，label为sectionv2 = graph.addVertex(T.label, "section", "sectionname", performance, "group", 2);//添加一条由v1指向v2,属性为ComSec的边v1.addEdge("ComSec", v2);}if (!"".equals(project)) {Vertex v3 = null;if (g.V().has("group", 3).has("projectname", project).hasNext()) {v3 = g.V().has("group", 3).has("projectname", project).next();} else {v3 = graph.addVertex(T.label, "project", "projectname", project, "group", 3);}v2.addEdge("SecPro", v3);}graph.tx().commit();}graph.tx().commit();System.out.println(row + ": 第" + count + "家公司");}rs.close();System.out.println("共有数据" + count);break;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e.toString());System.out.println("公司：" + error + "捕获异常");//对异常的结点进行删除Vertex ver = g.V().has("group", 1).has("name", error).next();GraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> mF = g.V(ver).out("ComSec");while (mF.hasNext()) {Vertex ver1 = mF.next();g.V(ver1).drop().iterate(); //删除该节点}g.V(ver).drop().iterate();graph.tx().commit();continue;}}System.out.println(g.V().count().next());System.out.println(g.E().count().next());graph.close();}public String getProjectByPer(String per) throws IOException {HTable table = new HTable(conf, "CompanyOwner_test");Get get = new Get(per.getBytes("utf-8"));get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("ProjectInfo"), Bytes.toBytes("ProjectName"));Result rs = table.get(get);String project = "";for (Cell cell : rs.rawCells()) {project = Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell));}return project;}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {try {TiTanNew titan = new TiTanNew();titan.doCreatCompanyGraph();} catch (Exception e) {e.toString();}}
}

2、关系检索

下面给出模糊搜索项目：“遵义至毕节高速公路”的实现过程。

/** To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates* and open the template in the editor.*/
package com.rednum.graph;import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanException;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanFactory;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanGraph;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanVertex;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.attribute.Text;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.BaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversal;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversalSource;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Direction;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;/**** @author X.H.Yang*/
public class CompanyCountrySearch {private Gson gson = new Gson();public static TitanGraph open() {try {org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration conf = new BaseConfiguration();conf.setProperty("storage.backend", "hbase");conf.setProperty("storage.hostname", "192.168.1.252");conf.setProperty("storage.hbase.table", "newgraph");TitanGraph graph = TitanFactory.open(conf);return graph;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);return null;}}public String doSearch() {TitanGraph graph = CompanyCountrySearch.open();GraphTraversalSource g = graph.traversal();try {String jstr = "";Iterable<TitanVertex> mm = graph.query().has("group", 3).has("projectname", Text.REGEX, ".*遵义至毕节高速公路.*").vertices();for (TitanVertex tt : mm) {HashMap<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();List<Map> nodes = new ArrayList<>();List<Object> links = new ArrayList<>();Map map = new LinkedHashMap();GraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> mF = g.V(tt).in("SecPro");String project = g.V(tt).next().value("projectname");System.out.println("工程名称：" + project);map.put("name", project);map.put("group", 1);map.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map);int i = 0;while (mF.hasNext()) {Vertex v1 = mF.next();String section = g.V(v1).next().value("sectionname");Vertex v2 = g.V(v1).in("ComSec").next();String company = g.V(v2).next().value("name");Map map1 = new LinkedHashMap();map1.put("name", section);map1.put("group", 2);map1.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map1);i = i+1;Map link1 = new LinkedHashMap();link1.put("source", nodes.size()-1);link1.put("target", 0);links.add(link1);int temp = 0;int kk = 0;for (Map m : nodes) {if (m.containsValue(company)) {kk = (int) m.get("index");temp = 1;break;}}if (temp == 1) {Map templink = new LinkedHashMap();templink.put("source", kk);templink.put("target", nodes.size()-1);links.add(templink);} else {Map map2 = new LinkedHashMap();map2.put("name", company);map2.put("group", 3);map2.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map2);Map link2 = new LinkedHashMap();link2.put("source", nodes.size()-1 );link2.put("target", nodes.size()-2);links.add(link2);i = i + 1;System.out.println("----------");GraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> gt = g.V(v2).out("ComSec");int j = 0;int count = nodes.size()-1;while (gt.hasNext()) {Vertex v3 = gt.next();String section1 = g.V(v3).next().value("sectionname");String project1 = g.V(v3).out("SecPro").next().value("projectname");if (project1.equals(project)) {continue;}Map map11 = new LinkedHashMap();map11.put("name", section1);map11.put("group", 2);map11.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map11);j = j +1;Map link11 = new LinkedHashMap();link11.put("source", count);link11.put("target", nodes.size()-1);links.add(link11);int temp1 = 0;int kk1 = 0;for (Map m : nodes) {if (m.containsValue(project1)) {kk1 = (int) m.get("index");temp1 = 1;break;}}if (temp1 == 1) {Map link22 = new LinkedHashMap();link22.put("source", nodes.size()-1);link22.put("target", kk1);links.add(link22);} else {Map map22 = new LinkedHashMap();map22.put("name", project1);map22.put("group", 1);map22.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map22);Map link22 = new LinkedHashMap();link22.put("source", nodes.size()-2);link22.put("target", nodes.size()-1);links.add(link22);j = j + 1;}}i = i +j + 2;}}params.put("nodes", nodes);params.put("links", links);jstr = gson.toJson(params);System.out.println(jstr);break;}graph.close();return jstr;} catch (NoSuchElementException | TitanException e) {e.toString();System.out.println(e.toString());return null;}}public static void main(String[] args) {CompanyCountrySearch search = new CompanyCountrySearch();search.doSearch();}}

我们也可根据公司名字检索出相关联的项目和标段信息，代码如下：

/** To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates* and open the template in the editor.*/
package com.rednum.graph;import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanFactory;
import com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanGraph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.BaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversal;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversalSource;
import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;/**** @author X.H.Yang*/
public class TitanSearchByCompany {private Gson gson = new Gson();public static TitanGraph open() {try {org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration conf = new BaseConfiguration();conf.setProperty("storage.backend", "hbase");conf.setProperty("storage.hostname", "192.168.1.252");conf.setProperty("storage.hbase.table", "newgraph");TitanGraph graph = TitanFactory.open(conf);return graph;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);return null;}}public String searchBycom() {TitanGraph graph = open();GraphTraversalSource g = graph.traversal();try {HashMap<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();List<Map> nodes = new ArrayList<>();List<Object> links = new ArrayList<>();GraphTraversal<Vertex, Vertex> mF = g.V().has("group", 1).has("name", "中铁十局集团有限公司").out("ComSec");Map map = new LinkedHashMap();map.put("name", "中铁十局集团有限公司");map.put("group", 1);map.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map);int count = 0;while (mF.hasNext()) {Vertex v1 = mF.next();String section = g.V(v1).next().value("sectionname");Map map1 = new LinkedHashMap();map1.put("name", section);map1.put("group", 2);map1.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map1);Map link1 = new LinkedHashMap();link1.put("source", 0);link1.put("target", nodes.size() - 1);links.add(link1);count = nodes.size() - 1;Vertex v2 = g.V(v1).out("SecPro").next();String project = g.V(v2).next().value("projectname");int temp = 0;int kk = 0;for (Map m : nodes) {if (m.containsValue(project)) {kk = (int) m.get("index");temp = 1;break;}}if (temp == 1) {Map templink = new LinkedHashMap();templink.put("source", nodes.size() - 1);templink.put("target", kk);links.add(templink);} else {Map map2 = new LinkedHashMap();map2.put("name", project);map2.put("group", 3);map2.put("index", nodes.size());nodes.add(map2);Map link2 = new LinkedHashMap();link2.put("source", count);link2.put("target", nodes.size() - 1);links.add(link2);}}params.put("nodes", nodes);params.put("links", links);String jstr = gson.toJson(params);System.out.println(jstr);graph.close();return jstr;} catch (Exception e) {e.toString();return null;}}public static void main(String[] args) {TitanSearchByCompany search = new TitanSearchByCompany();String result = search.searchBycom();}
}

成果展示

由于Titan数据库没有可视化界面，所以我们在web平台上开发了根据搜索内容，呈现关系图谱的功能，图的展示主要用了D3中的力导向图，力导向图的实现将在下一篇文中由前端同事介绍。

通过下面的搜索界面，得到公司或者项目的业绩图谱。

搜索“中铁十局集团有限公司”得到的关系图为：（效果图是不是很炫）

搜索项目“雅安至康定”得到下面的关系图谱，由于屏幕有限，只展示一层的关系。

文章到此结束，这是小编学了Titan数据库后完成的第一个项目，如有不对的地方，请在下方留言指正。感兴趣的我们可以相互交流。