前言：音标是口语学习的基础，精确熟练的掌握音标，才能在学习口语的时候游刃有余

一. 英 语 音 标：48 个 国 际 音 标 图

巧记48个音标简表：

熟悉后反复复习巩固的可用表格：

二. 音节与音节划分知识

1. 音节

以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元音字母就有几个音节。

2. 音节的划分

① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter

② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅音字母属于重读音节。

例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther

短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er

3. 重读音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4. 开音节

① 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。

例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret

② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse

5. 闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup

6. 双音节词重读规则

① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor

7. 多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如： el-e-phant

词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion

三. 英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

在开音节中

[ei]

name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中

[]

bag dad hat map black back

e

在开音节中

[i:]

he these me Chinese

在闭音节中

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg

i

在开音节中

[ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中

[i]

fish big drink sit milk swim

o

在开音节中

[u]

those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中

[]

clock not box shop sock

u

在开音节中

[ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中

[ ]

bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

[]

China another woman breakfast

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[]

second tonight somebody welcome

[u]

also zero photo

u

[]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[]音可以读作[i]音。

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a在[w]音后面

[]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[u]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[]

come monkey love mother

4、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

arar在[w]音后面

[α:]

car farm dark sharpener

[:]

warm quarter towards

oror在[w]音后面

[:]

forty morning short

[:]

word worker worse

er ir ur

[:]

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

are

[ε]

care dare hare

ere

[i]

here mere

ire

[ai]

fire hire wire

ore

[:]

more score before

ure

[ju]

pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[t]音或[]，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

ai/ay

[ei]

afraid rain wait day play

air

[ε]

air hair chair pair repair

al

al在f m前

[:l]

small ball talk wall all

[:l]

always also salt almost

[α:]

half calm

au/aw

[:]

autumn daughter draw

ea

[i:]

teach easy cheap please

[e]

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

ear

[i]

hear dear near clear year

[ε]

bear pear wear swear

[:]

earth learn early

ee

[i:]

jeep week green three

eer

[i]

pioneer deer beer

ei/ey

[ei]

eight neighbour they

[i:]

either key

eu/ew在j l r s后

[ju:]

new few newspaper

[u:]

flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后

[i:]

piece field receive

oa

[u]

coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor

[:]

roar board door floor

oi/oy

[i]

noise point boy toilet

oo

[u:]

broom food tooth school

[u]

book look cook foot good

ou/ow

[au]

flower house count down

[u]

know row throw though

[]

young country enough

[u:]

group you soup

our

[:]

course your four

[au]

our hour ours

[:]

journey

ui在j l r s后

[ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition suit

[u:]

juice fruit

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

读 音

例 词

ai/ay ei/ey

[i]

Sunday foreign monkey

ow

[u]

yellow sparrow tomorrow

-sion -tion

[n]

impression nation

-sion在元音字母后

[n]

vision decision occasion

-tion在s后

[tn]

question suggestion

-sten

[sn]

listen

-stle

[sl]

whistle

-sure

[]

pleasure measure

-ture

[t]

picture culture

8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：　　everyday[ei] 　　handbag[]　　blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日　　break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[]早餐　　cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[:] 碗柜

9、辅字组的读音

辅字组

读 音

例 词

b

[b]

bike bus bag

[/]

bomb tomb

cc在e前或在i/y前

[k]

cake picture coat music

[s]

face decide cinema

ch

[t]

much chick rich teacher

[k]

school headache chemistry

[]

machine Chicago

-ck

[k]

cock pocket black knock

d

[d]

doctor bread hand day

-dge

[d]

bridge fridge

dr-

[dr]

children driver drink

f

[f]

five four breakfast

gg在e i/y前

[g]

bag gardon go

[d]

orange large German

gh

[f]

cough enough photo

[/]

light daughter high

gu- -guegu在非重读音节中

[g]

guess league dialogue

[gw]

language anguish

h

[h]

hot head house hand

[/]

hour honest

j

[d]

jeep jar joke join July

k

[k]

kind bike skate make week

kn-

[n]

knife know knock

l

[l]

life milk school tall

m

[m]

monkey come autumn

-mn

[m]

autumn column solemn

nn在[k] [g]音前

[n]

not shine ten note

[]

uncle thank hungry

-ng

[n]

morning young wrong

p

[p]

paper plane pig ship pen

ph

[f]

elephant photo telephone

q

[k]

Iraq

qu-

[kw]

quality quite

r

[r]

red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前

[s]

sit sleep desk

[z]

music husband

sc-

[sk]

scar

[s]

muscle science

sh

[]

she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前

[t]

ten letter meet

[]

patient nation

tch

[t]

watch

th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中

[θ]

thin thirty method

[]

the these with than

[]

clothe father weather

tr-

[tr]

tree train country truck

v

[v]

very voice love leave

w

[w]

week win wake sweet wait

[/]

answer two

wh-wh-在字母o前

[w]

what when white why

[h]

who whose whole

x在重读元音前

[ks]

box text exercise

[gz]

examle exist exact

wr-

[r]

write

y-

[j]

yes yard yellow young

z

[z]

puzzle zero zoo

四. 英语拼读发音练习

自然拼音拼读练习表

第一天：

a , e, i , o, u, a_e, e_e, i_e, o_e, u_e

Aa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple

Ee: egg well red pen net hen bed bell

Ii: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill

Oo: ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich

Uu: sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under

cape name tape lake game make take hate

these Japanese Chinese

bite five nine kite mine nice ride side

rose nose rope note pose home rode those

tube cube June cute huge

第二天:

ai, ay, ee, ea, ey, ie, igh, oa, ow, ui, ue

ai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid

ay: bay ray way say hay pay May lay

ee: reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth

ea: sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea

ey: donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley

ie: tie pie lie die

igh: right sight night tight hight fight high sigh

oa: roa...