from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_basefrom sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Indexfrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationshipfrom sqlalchemy import create_engineengine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=5)    #此处必须是双引号

Base = declarative_base()# 创建单表class Users(Base):__tablename__ = 'users'#此处就是创建表的表名
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)#此处创建了三列name = Column(String(32))extra = Column(String(16))__table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'), #创建外建Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra')                   #创建索引
    )def __repr__(self):#这个函数的作用是打印时期作用#直接print(ret)#就可以看到想要的结果。temp = '%s-%s-%s' % (self.id, self.name, self.extra)return temp# 一对多
class Favor(Base):__tablename__ = 'favor' nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) caption = Column(String(50), default='red', unique=True)
class Person(Base): __tablename__ = 'person' nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True) favor_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("favor.nid"))
# 多对多
class Group(Base):__tablename__ = 'group' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)
class Server(Base):__tablename__ = 'server' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)   hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)port = Column(Integer, default=22)class ServerToGroup(Base):__tablename__ = 'servertogroup'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)server_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('server.id'))  #必须要有约束，就是外键group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))def init_db():Base.metadata.create_all(engine)#创建所有表def drop_db():Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)#删除所有表

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engineengine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1:3306/t1", max_overflow=5)Base = declarative_base()# 创建单表
class Users(Base):__tablename__ = 'users'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32))extra = Column(String(16))__table_args__ = (UniqueConstraint('id', 'name', name='uix_id_name'),Index('ix_id_name', 'name', 'extra'),)def __repr__(self):return "%s-%s" %(self.id, self.name)# 一对多
class Favor(Base):__tablename__ = 'favor'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)caption = Column(String(50), default='red', unique=True)def __repr__(self):return "%s-%s" %(self.nid, self.caption)class Person(Base):__tablename__ = 'person'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=True)favor_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("favor.nid"))# 与生成表结构无关，仅用于查询方便favor = relationship("Favor", backref='pers')     #此处的作用就是联表，会把favor表中的数据读出来，不用我们去写联表语句。必须与关联的表中有foreignkey才可以。# backref的作用就是在favor表中加了一个pers的字段，.pers就表示与favor相关的所有信息#正向查询
ret = session.query(Person)
print(ret)
for obj in ret:print(obj.nid,obj.name,obj.favor_id,obj.favor.captiom)# 反向查询
# obj = session.query(Group).filter(Group.caption =='DBA').first()
# print(obj.nid)
# print(obj.caption)
# print(obj.uuu)
#通过查找Group中在DBA组的成员，如果relationship中的backref指定uuu，那么，.uuu就把realtionship所关联表中的所有在DBA中的成员列出来。# 多对多
class ServerToGroup(Base):__tablename__ = 'servertogroup'nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)server_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('server.id'))group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.id'))group = relationship("Group", backref='s2g')server = relationship("Server", backref='s2g')class Group(Base):__tablename__ = 'group'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)port = Column(Integer, default=22)# group = relationship('Group',secondary=ServerToGroup,backref='host_list')class Server(Base):__tablename__ = 'server'id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)hostname = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)def init_db():Base.metadata.create_all(engine)def drop_db():Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)     #如果想操作数据库必须要创建这个session
session = Session()

obj = Users(name="alex0", extra='sb')  增加一条数据session.add(obj)
session.add_all([                      批量增加    Users(name="alex1", extra='sb'),Users(name="alex2", extra='sb'),
])
session.commit()

session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).delete()  如果想用and的话，就在〉2后面加，然后再跟条件session.commit()

session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({"name" : "099"})
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({Users.name: Users.name + "099"}, synchronize_session=False) 字符串相加
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 2).update({"num": Users.num + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate")      数字相加
session.commit()

ret = session.query(Users).all() 不加.all()print（ret）就会看到执行语句
如果想查看的话，可以执行：print(ret[0].name)   因为ret是个列表，表中有几列，列表中就会有几个元素。ret = session.query(Users.name, Users.extra).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').first()

#　条件
ret = session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 1, Users.name == 'eric').all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == 'eric').all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() 在这个范围
ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all() 波浪号代表非
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter_by(name='eric'))).all()
from sqlalchemy import and_, or_
ret = session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2,and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3),Users.extra != "")).all()# 通配符
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('e%')).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('e%')).all()# 限制
ret = session.query(Users)[1:2]# 排序
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all()
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all()# 分组
from sqlalchemy.sql import funcret = session.query(Users).group_by(Users.extra).all()
ret = session.query(func.max(Users.id),func.sum(Users.id),func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).all()ret = session.query(func.max(Users.id),func.sum(Users.id),func.min(Users.id)).group_by(Users.name).having(func.min(Users.id) >2).all()# 连表

ret = session.query(Users, Favor).filter(Users.id == Favor.nid).all()ret = session.query(Person).join(Favor).all() 此处的join默认是inner joinret = session.query(Person).join(Favor, isouter=True).all() outer表示leftjoin# 组合
q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
ret = q1.union(q2).all()   会去重q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()  不会去重

from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:7ujm8ik,@192.168.4.193:3306/testsql?charset=utf8", max_overflow=5) Base = declarative_base() #多对多 class HostToHostUser(Base): __tablename__ = 'host_to_host_user' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) host_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host.id')) host_user_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host_user.nid')) #多对多操作 host = relationship('Host',backref='h')#backref='h'表示host表自动生成某种关联关系，这个关系就成为‘h’关系，只要下边某个表中的backref也指明了这个关系‘h’，那么host表就会与该表形成关联，基于'h'关系，这是道不清理不明的一种关系 host_user = relationship('HostUser',backref='u')#backref='u'表示host_user表自动生成某种关联关系，只要下边某个表中的backref也指明了这个关系‘u‘，那么host_user表就会与该表形成关联，基于'u'关系 （如果某张表中写了关联关系，关系表中就可以不用写了） #查询方法：host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname =='c1').first() print(host_obj.host_user) class Host(Base): __tablename__ = 'host' nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) hostname = Column(String(32)) port = Column(String(32)) ip = Column(String(32)) ####最简单的方式,添加此行就行（另外一种方法，可以将关系放在某张表中）: host_user=relationship('HostUser',secondary=HostToHostUser.__table__,backref='h')#这里backref指明了‘h’关系，那么host表就会与host_user表生成关联关系  #格式：表名(本类是host表，这里写要跟host关联的表)=relationship('对象名(本类是host表，这里写要跟host关联的表的对象名)', secondary=中间表的对象名, backref=关联关系'h') class HostUser(Base): __tablename__ = 'host_user' nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) username = Column(String(32)) def init_db(): Base.metadata.create_all(engine) # init_db() def drop_db(): Base.metadata.drop_all(engine) Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() #======多对多操作 # session.add_all([ # Host(hostname='c1',port='22',ip='1.1.1.1'), # Host(hostname='c2',port='22',ip='1.1.1.2'), # Host(hostname='c3',port='22',ip='1.1.1.3'), # Host(hostname='c4',port='22',ip='1.1.1.4'), # Host(hostname='c5',port='22',ip='1.1.1.5'), # ]) # session.commit() # session.add_all([ # HostUser(username='root'), # HostUser(username='db'), # HostUser(username='nb'), # HostUser(username='sb'), # ]) # session.commit() # session.add_all([ # HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=1), # HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=2), # HostToHostUser(host_id=1,host_user_id=3), # HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=2), # HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=4), # HostToHostUser(host_id=2,host_user_id=3), # ]) # session.commit()

# 1.反向查找,查询host表中c1的信息,会得到一个对象,对象中存在一个已经设置好的虚拟关系:h
host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first() #2.正向查找,遍历对象属性 for item in host_obj.h: print(item.host_user.username)

root
db
nb

#最简单的查询方式:host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first() print(host_obj.host_user) for item in host_obj.host_user: print(item.username)

[<__main__.HostUser object at 0x103778710>, <__main__.HostUser object at 0x103778d68>, <__main__.HostUser object at 0x103778e10>] root db nb