Linux tomcat应用验证码出不来问题解决方法

很多时候都看到应用在Window tomcat下正常，但是移到Linux环境却出现很多意想不到的问题，这次就是应用登录处验证码出不来。解决此问题的关键是要配置系统支持java.awt.headless模式，即：java.awt.headless=true。

什么是java.awt.headless模式

Headless模式是系统的一种配置模式。在该模式下，系统缺少了显示设备、键盘或鼠标。

它可以通过应用容器配置或Java代码配置：java.awt.headless=true或java.awt.headless=false,不配置默认是false。

Java代码配置解决方法

System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");

catalina.sh文件配置解决方法

方法一：简单方式

直接修改该文件的JAVA_OPTS参数：

  JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms128m -Xmx256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256M -XX:PermSize=128M -Djava.awt.headless=true "

修改完成后重新启动tomcat服务即可。

注：最简单的方式才是值得推崇的。

方法二：多处修改方式

在该文件中每一处-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ 行后面加入一行：-Djava.awt.headless=true \

#!/bin/sh# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Control Script for the CATALINA Server
#
# Environment Variable Prerequisites
#
#   Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
#   setenv.sh in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
#
#   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
#
#   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
#                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
#                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
#
#   CATALINA_OUT    (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr
#                   will be redirected.
#                   Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out
#
#   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
#                   "run" or "debug" command is executed.
#                   Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
#                   only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
#                   the version command etc.
#                   Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
#
#   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
#                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
#                   $CATALINA_BASE/temp.
#
#   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
#                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
#
#   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
#                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
#                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
#
#   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
#                   is executed.
#                   Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
#                   should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
#                   the version command etc.
#                   Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
#
#   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories
#                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
#                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
#                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
#                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
#
#   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
#
#   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. The default is 8000.
#
#   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
#                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
#
#   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
#                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
#                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
#
#                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,
#                       address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND
#
#   CATALINA_PID    (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid
#                   of the catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is
#                   used
#
#   LOGGING_CONFIG  (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
#                   Example (all one line)
#                   LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
#
#   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
#                   Example (all one line)
#                   LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------# OS specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx1024m -Xss1024K -XX:PermSize=512m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m"
cygwin=false
darwin=false
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
Darwin*) darwin=true;;
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"while [ -h "$PRG" ]; dols=`ls -ld "$PRG"`link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; thenPRG="$link"elsePRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"fi
done# Get standard environment variables
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`# Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set
[ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
CLASSPATH=if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then. "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then. "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
if $cygwin; then[ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`[ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"`[ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`[ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"`[ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
fi# For OS400
if $os400; then# Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using# the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests# will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'system $COMMAND# Enable multi threadingexport QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
fi# Get standard Java environment variables
if $os400; then# -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are:# 1. owned by the user# 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user# this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups. "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
elseif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then. "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.shelseecho "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"echo "This file is needed to run this program"exit 1fi
fi# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; thenCLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":
fi
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jarif [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; thenCATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
fiif [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then# Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for CatalinaCATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp
fi# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; thenCLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
elseCLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
fi# Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don't output to console
have_tty=0
if [ "`tty`" != "not a tty" ]; thenhave_tty=1
fi# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if $cygwin; thenJAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"`CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"`CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"`CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
fi# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued
if [ -z "$LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; thenif [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; thenLOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"else# Bugzilla 45585LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"fi
fiif [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; thenLOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
fi# Uncomment the following line to make the umask available when using the
# org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener
#JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask`"# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------# Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTY
if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; thenecho "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME"echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR"if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; thenecho "Using JAVA_HOME:       $JAVA_HOME"elseecho "Using JRE_HOME:        $JRE_HOME"fiecho "Using CLASSPATH:       $CLASSPATH"if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho "Using CATALINA_PID:    $CATALINA_PID"fi
fiif [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; thenif [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; thenJPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket"fiif [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; thenJPDA_ADDRESS="8000"fiif [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; thenJPDA_SUSPEND="n"fiif [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; thenJPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND"fiCATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS"shift
fiif [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; thenif $os400; thenecho "Debug command not available on OS400"exit 1elseshiftif [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; thenif [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; thenecho "Using Security Manager"fishiftexec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \-sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \-Djava.security.manager \-Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" startelseexec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \-sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" startfifielif [ "$1" = "run" ]; thenshiftif [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; thenif [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; thenecho "Using Security Manager"fishifteval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Djava.security.manager \-Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" startelseeval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" startfielif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; thenif [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenif [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenif [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho "Existing PID file found during start."if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenPID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; thenecho "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted."exit 1elseecho "Removing/clearing stale PID file."rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? != 0 ]; thenif [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thencat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"elseecho "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted."exit 1fififielseecho "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted."exit 1fielserm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? != 0 ]; thenif [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted."exit 1fififififishifttouch "$CATALINA_OUT"if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; thenif [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; thenecho "Using Security Manager"fishifteval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Djava.security.manager \-Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \>> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"elseeval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \>> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"fiif [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho $! > "$CATALINA_PID"fiecho "Tomcat started."elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; thenshiftSLEEP=5if [ ! -z "$1" ]; thenecho $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -gt 0 ]; thenSLEEP=$1shiftfifiFORCE=0if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; thenshiftFORCE=1fiif [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenif [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenif [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenkill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -gt 0 ]; thenecho "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted."exit 1fielseecho "PID file is empty and has been ignored."fielseecho "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted."exit 1fifieval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop# stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill.if [ $? != 0 ]; thenif [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho "The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal."kill -15 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1fifiif [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenif [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenwhile [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; dokill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -gt 0 ]; thenrm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? != 0 ]; thenif [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thencat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"# If Tomcat has stopped don't try and force a stop with an empty PID fileFORCE=0elseecho "The PID file could not be removed or cleared."fifiecho "Tomcat stopped."breakfiif [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; thensleep 1fiif [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; thenif [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; thenecho "Tomcat did not stop in time. PID file was not removed. To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out."kill -3 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"`fifiSLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 `donefifiKILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; thenif [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenecho "Kill failed: \$CATALINA_PID not set"elseif [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thenPID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID"kill -9 $PIDwhile [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; dokill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? -gt 0 ]; thenrm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1if [ $? != 0 ]; thenif [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; thencat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"elseecho "The PID file could not be removed."fifi# Set this to zero else a warning will be issued about the process still runningKILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=0echo "The Tomcat process has been killed."breakfiif [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; thensleep 1fiKILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 `doneif [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; thenecho "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE."fifififielif [ "$1" = "configtest" ] ; theneval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \-Djava.endorsed.dirs="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \-Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \-Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \-Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \-Djava.awt.headless=true \org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtestresult=$?if [ $result -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Configuration error detected!"fiexit $resultelif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then"$_RUNJAVA"   \-classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" \org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfoelseecho "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"echo "commands:"if $os400; thenecho "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)"echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)"elseecho "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger"echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager"fiecho "  jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"echo "  run               Start Catalina in the current window"echo "  run -security     Start in the current window with security manager"echo "  start             Start Catalina in a separate window"echo "  start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager"echo "  stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end"echo "  stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end"echo "  stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"echo "  stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"echo "  configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result"echo "  version           What version of tomcat are you running?"echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \$CATALINA_PID is defined"exit 1fi