项目内容

1.手写一个HTTP服务器
2.手写一个博客系统运行在HTTP服务器上

项目环境/平台

Windows10+IDEA+JDK1.8+Maven+MySQL

首先编写代码进行解析请求
请求包含以下部分
请求行 GET /aaa.html?id=1&password=ppp&name=10 HTTP/1.1
请求头 Host: www.aaa.com Accept:text/html等信息
请求体请求体（get方法没有请求体）
特殊格式的请求 “GET /hello?target=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD HTTP/1.0”

解析请求行
请求的方法method
请求的参数urlall，请求的参数
请求的版本号protocol
解析请求头
请求头Host:网址
请求头Accept:text/html
请求的编码
1.首先定义请求类保存请求行请求头参数
2.在解析请求头的时候判断是post还是get方法
3.进行分步解析

package com.github7.request;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class Request {String url;String protocol;String method;Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();Map<String, String> requestParam = new HashMap<>();public void setProtocol(String protocol) {this.protocol = protocol;}public void setHeaders(String key, String value) {this.headers.put(key, value);}public void setRequestParam(String key, String value) {this.requestParam.put(key, value);}public void setMethod(String method) throws IOException {this.method = method.toUpperCase();if (this.method.equals("POST") || this.method.equals("GET")) {return;}throw new IOException("不支持的方法");}public void setUrl(String url) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {this.url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");}public String getUrl() {return url;}public String getProtocol() {return protocol;}public String getMethod() {return method;}public Map<String, String> getHeaders() {return headers;}public Map<String, String> getRequestParam() {return requestParam;}//请求方法public static Request parse(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {//传入浏览器请求的字节流，Server解析BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));Request request = new Request();//设置请求行参数praseRequestLine(bufferedReader, request);//设置请求头参数praseRequestHeader(bufferedReader, request);return request;}//请求第一行 请求行：方法 请求URL HTTP版本号//GET /aaa.html?id=1&password=ppp&name=10 HTTP/1.1private static void praseRequestLine(BufferedReader bufferedReader, Request request) throws IOException {String firstLine = bufferedReader.readLine();//第一行参数是以" "进行分割。然后得到请求方法，请求参数，请求版本号//比如请求行为GET /aaa.html?id=1&name=10 HTTP/1.1String[] fragments = firstLine.split(" ");//fragmens至少存在三个参数if (fragments.length < 3) {throw new IOException("错误的请求行，参数不够");}//第一个参数是请求方式String method = fragments[0];request.setMethod(method);//第二个参数是总的url请求参数String urlAll = fragments[1];//第三个参数是版本号String protocol = fragments[2];request.setProtocol(protocol);//获取url请求页面，是urlAll里面的String[] qFragmens = urlAll.split("\\?");request.setUrl(qFragmens[0]);//获取请求的参数 qFragmens里面的第二个参数//id=1 & name=10if (qFragmens.length > 1) {String[] mess = qFragmens[1].split("&");for (int i = 0; i < mess.length; i++) {String[] keyvalue = mess[i].split("=");String key = keyvalue[0];String value = "";if (keyvalue.length > 1) {value = URLDecoder.decode(keyvalue[1], "utf-8");}//将获取到的键值对添加进去request.setRequestParam(key, value);}}}//请求第二部分，直到遇到空行结束// 请求头有很多信息如下：// Host：www.baidu.com// Accept:text/htmlprivate static void praseRequestHeader(BufferedReader bufferedReader, Request request) throws IOException {String secondLine;//将请求头的信息全部保存到HashMap中。while ((secondLine = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null && secondLine.trim().length() != 0) {String[] keyValue = secondLine.split(":");//分割之后可能会出现空格。所以要去掉空格String key = keyValue[0];String value = "";if (keyValue.length > 1) {value = keyValue[1].trim();}//将信息头保存到请求头里面request.setHeaders(key, value);}}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Request{" +"请求页面='" + url + '\'' +", 版本号='" + protocol + '\'' +", 请求方法='" + method + '\'' +", 请求头=" + headers +", 请求行参数=" + requestParam +'}';}
}

Http响应

响应主要包括三部分 1.响应行 2.响应头 3.响应体
第一行版本信息和状态码：HTTP/1.1 200 OK
第二行响应头里面有：
Server HTTP 服务器编号
Date Wed, 07 Aug 2019 10:14:53 GMT 指定格式的响应时间说明
Content-Type 响应体的格式说明
Content-Length 响应体的长度说明
常见状态码
200 OK
302 Temporarily Moved
400 Bad Request
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
500 Internal Server Error
编码
1.首先我们创建一个输出流数组，保存所有的信息
2.创建一个枚举类保存状态码
3.设置我们的响应服务器，类型等信息。
4.设置好之后，将响应行，响应头，响应体写到字节数组中去
5.将字节数组中的内容拷贝到输出流中，并设置长度。

package com.github7.response;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;public class Response {public static Response start(OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {Response response = new Response();response.setServer();response.setOutputStream(outputStream);response.setContentType("text/html");response.setDate();return response;}//保存输出流private byte[] resByteArray = new byte[8192];private OutputStream outputStream;private void setOutputStream(OutputStream outputStream) {this.outputStream = outputStream;}private int contentLength = 0;//保存以下信息Content-Type：Content-Lenth:Data：Server：private Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();//将默认状态置为200 okprivate State state = State.OK;public void setState(State state) {this.state = state;}private void setServer() {headers.put("Server", "LR/1.0");}public void setContentType(String contentType) {headers.put("Content-Type", contentType + ";charset=utf-8");}private void setDate() {SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("E，dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss z");headers.put("Date", dateFormat.format(new Date()));}//将信息写入到响应输出流中的方法。public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {if (contentLength + len > 8192) {throw new IOException("超过请求头最大长度");}//将写入的东西先保存在自己的byte数组中System.arraycopy(bytes, off, resByteArray, contentLength, len);contentLength += len;}public void write(byte[] bytes, int len) throws IOException {write(bytes, 0, len);}public void write(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {write(bytes, bytes.length);}//格式化响应public void print(String string, Object... args) throws IOException {write(new Formatter().format(string, args).toString().getBytes("utf-8"));}public void println(Object o) throws IOException {print("%s%n", o.toString());}public void flush() throws IOException {headers.put("Content-Length", String.valueOf(contentLength));sendResponseLine();sendResponseHeads();outputStream.write(resByteArray, 0, contentLength);}//将响应行加入到输出流中public void sendResponseLine() throws IOException {String responseLine = String.format("HTTP/1.0 %d %s \r\n", state.getCode(), state.getReason());outputStream.write(responseLine.getBytes());}//将响应头加入到输出流中public void sendResponseHeads() throws IOException {for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {String header = String.format("%s:%s\r\n", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());outputStream.write(header.getBytes("utf-8"));}outputStream.write("\r\n".getBytes("UTF-8"));}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Response{" +" headers=" + headers +", state=" + state +'}';}
}

package com.github7.response;public enum State {OK(200, "OK"),Temporarily_Moved(302, "Temporarily Moved"),BAD_REQUEST(400, "BAD_REQUEST"),NOT_FOUND(404, "NOT_FOUND"),METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED(405,"Not_Allowed"),INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500, "INTERNAL SERVER ERROR");private int code;private String reason;public int getCode() {return code;}public String getReason() {return reason;}State(int code, String reason) {this.code = code;this.reason = reason;}
}

创建父类Controller控制器

该类有两个方法默认执行的doGet方法

package com.github7.controller;import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;
import com.github7.response.State;import java.io.IOException;public class Controller {public void doGet(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {if (request.getProtocol().endsWith("1.0")) {response.setState(State.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);response.println("版本号不支持，仅支持1.1");} else {response.setState(State.BAD_REQUEST);response.println("请求错误，仅支持HTTP/1.1");}}public void doPost(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {this.doGet(request, response);}
}

静态页面加载

StaticContraller继承自Controller覆写其方法
编码
1.首先我们根据url获取要链接的静态页面。
2.如果要获取的页面是当前路径/就加载指定静态页面
3.读取文件内容，将文件写到byte数组中
4.根据文件后缀比如.html设置ContentType

package com.github7.controller;import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class StaticController extends Controller {private static final String HOME = System.getenv("LR_HOME");//保存ContentType  支持三种类型用HashMap先保存起来private final Map<String, String> Content_TYPE = new HashMap<String, String>() {{put("html", "text/html");}};@Overridepublic void doPost(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {this.doGet(request, response);}@Overridepublic void doGet(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {//1.获取文件地址 request.getUrl()得到的是/hh.htmlString filename = getFileName(request.getUrl());//2.开始读取文件内容System.out.println(filename);InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filename);//缓冲流 一次读取1024字节内容byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {response.write(buf, 0, len);}//3.获取类型content-type，根据文件名的后缀String suffix = getSuffix(filename);String contype = getContentType(suffix);//然后设置响应头里面的contenttyperesponse.setContentType(contype);}private String getContentType(String suffix) {String contentType = Content_TYPE.get(suffix);if (contentType == null) {//说明没有这种类型的文件contentType = "text/html";}return contentType;}private String getSuffix(String filename) {//找到最后一个点，点后面的就是文件类型int index = filename.lastIndexOf('.');if (index == -1) {return null;}//返回文件名后缀return filename.substring(index + 1);}private String getFileName(String url) {if (url.equals("/")) {url = "/index.html";}return "F:\\\\httpProject\\webapps\\"+ url.replace("/", File.separator);}
}

自定义类加载器

首先要定义一个类加载器，我们如果在静态页面找不到页面。就找动态的类进行加载
1.根据传进来的url进行解析得到我们的文件
2.通过继承ClassLoader找到我们所需要的文件.class文件。
3.读取内容返回生成Class对象
4.通过返回的Class对象创建controller实例

package com.github7.classloader;import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {@Overridepublic Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {try {return super.findClass(name);} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {//1.根据类名称找到name对应的.class文件//String fileLocation =  "F:\\\\LRhttp\\webapps\\WEB-INF\\classes\\"+name.replace("/","")+".class";String fileLocation = "F:\\\\httpProject\\target\\classes\\" + name.replace("/", "") + ".class";File file = new File(fileLocation);if (file.exists()) {//2.读取文件内容。byte[] buf = new byte[8192];int len = 0;try {len = new FileInputStream(fileLocation).read(buf);} catch (IOException e1) {throw new ClassNotFoundException("文件出错",e);}//3.调用defineClass 转为Class<?>System.out.println("类名" + name.replaceAll("/", ""));return defineClass(name.replaceAll("/", ""), buf, 0, len);} else {throw new ClassNotFoundException("类没找到");}}}
}

Main类 Server端

1.创建ServerSocket监听端口
创建Socket从网络中读取和写入数据，不同计算机上的两个应用可以通过连接发送和接受字节流。
2.分别创建Request和Response引用指向socket的输入输出流
3.获取url判断调用静态页面还是加载动态类
4.创建实例调用doGet/doPost方法
5.调用flush方法，更新数据

package com.github7.server;import com.github7.classloader.MyClassLoader;
import com.github7.controller.Controller;
import com.github7.controller.StaticController;
import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;
import com.github7.response.State;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class Server {public final Controller staticController = new StaticController();public Server() throws DocumentException {}public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, DocumentException {Server server = new Server();server.run(1234);}public void run(int port) throws IOException {ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);//监听端口ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);// 查看端口netstat -anowhile (true) {Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();pool.execute(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {try {//初始化Request request = Request.parse(socket.getInputStream());Response response = Response.start(socket.getOutputStream());//查找请求url是否存在String filelocation = request.getUrl();String filename = "";if (filelocation.equals("/")) {filename = "F:\\\\httpProject\\webapps\\index.html";}filename = "F:\\\\httpProject\\webapps\\" + filelocation.replace("/", File.separator);//根据 URL 的不同，用不用的 controller 去处理File file = new File(filename);Controller controller = null;if (file.exists()) {System.out.println("静态controller");controller = staticController;} else {System.out.println("动态controller");Class<?> cla = null;String name = request.getUrl().replace("/", "");if (name.equals("article")) {cla = new MyClassLoader().loadClass("ArticleController");} else if (name.equals("postArticle")) {cla = new MyClassLoader().loadClass("PostController");} else {cla = new MyClassLoader().loadClass(name);}if (cla != null) {System.out.println(cla.getName());controller = (Controller) cla.newInstance();}}//动态也找不到 返回错误if (controller == null) {response.setState(State.NOT_FOUND);response.println("<h1>" + State.NOT_FOUND.getCode() + "    " + State.NOT_FOUND.getReason() + " 页面没有找到</h1>");} else {if (request.getMethod().equals("GET")) {controller.doGet(request, response);} else if (request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {controller.doPost(request, response);} else {//不支持的方法response.setState(State.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);response.println(State.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.getReason());}}response.flush();System.out.println(request.toString());System.out.println(response.toString());System.out.println();socket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (InstantiationException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}});}}
}

小型博客

博客主要由以下部分构成
post.html博客提交页面
PostController博客提交：获取到html表单内容，往数据库中写入数据
ListController博客列表页面：获取数据库中的所有标题已经作者
ArticleController博客文章详情：点击超链接，连接数据库获取数据信息。

post.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>发表文章</title><script>function getNewDate() {//创建日期对象var date = new Date();//拼接年月日var datestr = date.getFullYear() + "-" + (date.getMonth() + 1) + "-" + date.getDate()+ "&nbsp&nbsp" + date.getHours() + ":" + date.getMinutes() + ":" + date.getSeconds();//通过id来获取span对象var span = document.getElementById("span_id");//设置span对象的innerHTML属性span.innerHTML = datestr;}window.setInterval("getNewDate()", 1000);</script>
</head><body>
<center><h1>发表文章</h1><a href='/ListController'>首页</a><h4><span id="span_id"></span></h4><form action="/postArticle" method="get">标题：<input type="text" name="title"  /></br>作者：<input type="text" name="author" /></br></br><textarea name="content" style="width:600px;height:400px;" ></textarea> </br><input type="submit" name="" value="提交"/></form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

获取html表单内容，发表文章

/*Author:linruiDate:2019/8/26Content:
*/import com.github7.controller.Controller;
import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;
import com.github7.response.State;import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.UUID;public class PostController extends Controller {@Overridepublic void doGet(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {this.doPost(request, response);}@Overridepublic void doPost(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {//获取url的id 和内容String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();//随机IDString title = request.getRequestParam().get("title");String author = request.getRequestParam().get("author");String content = request.getRequestParam().get("content");if(title.length()==0){response.println("<center>");response.println("输入标题</br>");response.println("</h4><a href='/post.html'>点击返回发表文章</a></h4></center>");response.println("</center>");return;}if(author.length()==0){response.println("<center>");response.println("对不起，未输入作者姓名</br>");response.println("</h4><a href='/post.html'>点击返回发表文章</a></h4></center>");response.println("/<center>");return;}if(content.length()==0){response.println("<center>");response.println("未输入内容</br>");response.println("</h4><a href='/post.html'>点击返回发表文章</a></h4></center>");response.println("</center>");return;}//然后将所有内容存储到数据库中//连接到数据库Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/blogs?useSSL=false";String sql = "insert into blog values(?,?,?,?)";try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "root", "aaaaaa");preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);preparedStatement.setString(1, id);preparedStatement.setString(2, title);preparedStatement.setString(3, author);preparedStatement.setString(4, content);preparedStatement.executeUpdate();} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//重定向首页response.setState(State.Temporarily_Moved);System.out.println("进入到PostController");response.setHeaders("Location", "/article?id=" + id);}
}

文章 title


import com.github7.controller.Controller;
import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;public class ListController extends Controller {@Overridepublic void doGet(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {this.doPost(request, response);}@Overridepublic void doPost(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {response.println("<center><h1>所有文章</h1>");response.println("</h4><a href='/post.html'>发表文章</a></h4></center>");Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/blogs?useSSL=false";String sql = "select article_id,article_title,article_author from blog";try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "root", "aaaaaa");preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();while (resultSet.next()) {String id = resultSet.getString(1);String title = resultSet.getString(2);String author=resultSet.getString(3);response.println("<li><a href='/article?id=" + id + "'>" + title + "</a>"+"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;作者:"+author+"</li>");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {System.out.println(e.getMessage());} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}

文章详情页面


import com.github7.controller.Controller;
import com.github7.request.Request;
import com.github7.response.Response;import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;public class ArticleController extends Controller {@Overridepublic void doGet(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {this.doPost(request, response);}@Overridepublic void doPost(Request request, Response response) throws IOException {//从url 获取idString id = request.getRequestParam().get("id");Connection connection = null;Statement statement = null;PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/blogs?useSSL=false";String sql = "select article_title,article_author,article_content from blog where article_id='" + id + "'";try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "root", "aaaaaa");preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();response.println("</h6><a href='/ListController'>回到首页</a></h6>");while (resultSet.next()) {String title = resultSet.getString(1);String author = resultSet.getString(2);String content = resultSet.getString(3);response.println("<h3><center>" + title + "</center></h3>");response.println("<h5><center>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" +"作者：" + author + "</center></h5>");response.println(content);}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {System.out.println(e.getMessage());} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {response.println(e.getMessage());}}}
}

首页

文章title页

文章详情页

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快速搭建一个小型博客网站
目录 ✨前言

迷你HTTP服务器+小型博客